Distinguishing small juvenile Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) from Greenland cod ( Gadusogac) by comparing meristic characters and discriminant function analyses of morphometric data

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Methven ◽  
Colin McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Two biochemical, 7 meristic, and 14 morphometric characters in addition to total body mass were examined to determine which characters best distinguish demersal Gadus ogac from Gadus morhua over the size range 87-135 mm standard length. These congeneric species of cod (Gadidae) remain difficult to distinguish where they co-occur in coastal habitats as recently settled juveniles. Consequently, surveys that target young demersal cod (G. morhua) in coastal nursery areas may be biased, owing to misidentifications. The electrophoretic mobilities of esterase and creatine kinase proteins unambiguously distinguished G. ogac from G. morhua. Of the 14 morphometric characters examined by means of discriminant function analyses, eye diameter and body depth at the origin of the second dorsal fin in addition to total body mass best separate G. ogac from G. morhua over the size range examined. In general, G. ogac has smaller eyes and is heavier and deeper bodied than G. morhua. Counts of vertebrae and of dorsal, anal, and caudal fin rays overlap between species. The shape of the lateral line and especially body coloration are additional characters that help to distinguish these species in the field. Gadus ogac are usually bottle green when freshly caught, whereas G. morhua are usually brownish in dorsal and lateral coloration. Gadus ogac also often have a more strongly arched lateral line than G. morhua of a similar size. All juvenile cod collected along the northeast coast of Newfoundland in this study were either G. ogac or G. morhua. Microgadus tomcod, another gadid common in coastal habitats, was not collected.

On the Nature of Hereditary Size Limitation

1929 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
R. CUMMING ROBB
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Size Limitation ◽  
Similar Association ◽  
Total Body

1. Throughout post-natal life the relative weights of the pituitary body, thyroid, thymus and adrenals in the rabbit may be expressed by the equation y = axk + c. 2. A similar association is indicated in the rat for the weights of eyeballs, liver, pancreas, hypophysis, thyroid, adrenals, submaxillary glands, kidney and fresh skeleton (data from Donaldson, 1924). 3. In giant and pigmy rabbits, the ultimate proportions of body parts are not the same, but (for any given body weight) corresponding tissues in the two groups tend to exhibit an identical relation to total body mass. 4. The adrenals and testes of the Polish rabbits are relatively much larger than those of the Flemish. But in each case the growth of the adrenal approximates to a constant power function of body weight. Moreover, in these two groups and in their hybrids, the growth of the testes adheres to a simple association with adrenal weight identical for each. 5. These data suggest the generalisation that in a growing organism the magnitude of any part tends to be a specific function of the total body mass or of some portion so related to the whole. 6. These associations may be explained by surmising that each tissue is in equilibrium with the internal milieu with regard to the distribution of nutrient growth essentials; that in each case the equilibrium point would be determined by the nature of the cell and after differentiation would tend to remain constant; and that the relative enlargement of each tissue is limited by the excess of the equilibrium value over the katabolic expenditure. 7. According to the above hypothesis of organ growth, the equation y = axk + c may possess a physical significance. Eight types of growth relationships may thus exist, differing because of the apparent inactivity of one or more constants in this equation.

scholarly journals Truss network based morphometric and meristic variations among south-western populations of Macrognathus aculeatus in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3(SI)) ◽  
pp. 887-894
Author(s):  
M. Sarower-E-Mahfuj ◽  
◽  
S.K. Das ◽  
K.N. Azad ◽  
A.K. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Network System ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Macrognathus Aculeatus ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Separation Results ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Aim: Landmark-based truss network system was applied to examine the morphometric and meristic differences among four different populaces of Macrognathus aculeatus namely; Dhakuriabeel, Jashore (DBJ); Arial Kha River, Madaripur (AKRM); Nabaganga River, Jhenaidah (NRJ); Kopotakkha River, Jashore (KRJ) in Bangladesh. Methodology: Completely 80 samples of M. aculeatus were collected (20 individuals from each population) for this study. Six meristic characters, 6 morphometric characters and 15 truss-based morphometric characters were measured for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-HSD post hoc test. Discriminant function analyses were also performed by using morphometric and truss-based morphometric characters to detect potential characters responsible for population separation. Results: Completely 80 samples of M. aculeatus were collected (20 individuals from each population) for this study. Six meristic characters, 6 morphometric characters and 15 truss-based morphometric characters were measured for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-HSD post hoc test. Discriminant function analyses were also performed by using morphometric and truss-based morphometric characters to detect potential characters responsible for population separation. Interpretation: The baseline information derived from the present study would be useful for appropriate conservation of M. aculeatus populations as well as for the researchers for further investigation.

Body size, sexual dimorphism, and seasonal mass fluctuations in a larger sika deer subspecies, the Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Suzuki ◽  
Manabu Onuma ◽  
Mayumi Yokoyama ◽  
Koich Kaji ◽  
Masami Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Cervus Nippon Yesoensis

Measurements of shoulder height, body length, hind-foot length, and total body mass were collected from 309 Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884) (115 males and 194 females) and analyzed statistically for sexual dimorphism and seasonal body mass fluctuations. The von Bertalanffy equation was fitted to the growth curves that resulted. Asymptotic shoulder height, body length, and hind-foot length were 106.2, 112.6, and 52.9 cm in males and 94.8, 103.9, and 49.4 cm in females, respectively. Total body mass showed distinct seasonal fluctuations, ranging between 102.8 and 151.0 kg in adult males and 68.0 and 99.8 kg in adult females. Male/female ratios in shoulder height, body length, hind-foot length, and total mass were 1.12, 1.08, 1.07, and 1.51, respectively. These results indicate that the Hokkaido sika deer is one of the largest subspecies, at least in skeleton size. A larger body and longer hind foot would seem to be evolutionary adaptations to Hokkaido's cold, snowy environment.

scholarly journals Complete and Voluntary Starvation of 50 Days

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S39776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Elliott ◽  
Michelle Mina ◽  
Chrystalla Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Linear Loss ◽  
Obese Male ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

A 34-year-old obese male (96.8 kg; BMI, 30.2 kg m−1) volitionally undertook a 50-day fast with the stated goal of losing body mass. During this time, only tea, coffee, water, and a daily multivitamin were consumed. Severe and linear loss of body mass is recorded during these 50 days (final 75.4 kg; BMI, 23.5 kg mT 1 ). A surprising resilience to effects of fasting on activity levels and physical function is noted. Plasma samples are suggestive of early impairment of liver function, and perturbations to cardiovascular dynamics are also noted. One month following resumption of feeding behavior, body weight was maintained (75.0 kg; BMI, 23.4 kg m−1). Evidence-based decision-making with the fasting or hunger striking patient is limited by a lack of evidence. This case report suggests that total body mass, not mass lost, may be a key observation in clinical decision-making during fasting and starvation.

scholarly journals Standardized MET Value Underestimates the Energy Cost of Treadmill Running in Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 890-896
Author(s):  
Helouane Ázara ◽  
Paulo Farinatti ◽  
Adrian Midgley ◽  
Fabrício Vasconcellos ◽  
Patrícia Vigário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Energy Cost Of Running ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to compare the reference metabolic equivalent (MET) value and observed resting oxygen uptake (VO2) for defining cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and characterizing the energy cost of treadmill running. A heterogeneous cohort of 114 healthy men volunteered to participate. In Part 1 of the study, 114 men [mean±SD, age: 24±5 years; height: 177.1±7.9 cm; body mass: 75.0±10.0 kg] visited the laboratory twice for assessment of resting and maximal VO2 values to compare the reference MET value vs. observed resting VO2 and to investigate the association between resting VO2 and VO2max. In Part 2, 14 of the 114 men visited the laboratory once more to perform a 30-min bout of running at 8.0 km∙h−1/8.3 METs. The mean observed resting VO2 of 3.26 mL·kg−1·min−1 was lower than the reference MET value of 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 (P<0.001). Resting and maximal VO2 values relative to total body mass and fat-free mass were positively correlated (R=0.71 and 0.60, respectively; P<0.001). The maximal MET and energy cost of treadmill running were consequently underestimated when calculated using the reference MET value only for those with low VO2max (P=0.005 to P<0.001). In conclusion, the reference MET value considerably overestimated observed resting VO2 in men with low VO2max, resulting in underestimations of the maximal MET, exercise intensity prescription, and the energy cost of running.

One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

Influence du mode de vie sur les caractéristiques pondérales et structurales du squelette chez les amphibiens anoures

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Castanet ◽  
Maria Helena Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Total Body

To specify the influence of a permanent aquatic life on skeletal mass and bone structure in anuran amphibians, the general and regional masses of the skeleton, as well as several histomorphometric indices of the bones (porosity, corticodiaphyseal index, density) were compared in four ranid species, two predominantly aquatic (Rana perezi and R. esculenta) and two more terrestrial (R. temporaria and R. dalmatina). The relative mass of the skeleton (as a percentage of the total body mass) is significantly lower in aquatic forms. This difference is not a phenomenon of intra- or inter-specific allometry between skeletal mass and body mass (size effect). Rather, it reflects a selective reduction of skeletal volume (low corticodiaphyseal index values and higher porosity), in particular in the autopodia, pectoral girdle, front limbs, and vertebral column of aquatic forms. These results reinforce the idea that habitat and mode of life are selective factors producing a more or less developed skeleton in anurans. Whether a lighter skeleton is a permanent adaptative feature or a reversible response in predominantly aquatic anurans remains to be tested.

A Triple Iron Triathlon Leads to a Decrease in Total Body Mass But Not to Dehydration

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Knechtle ◽  
Patrizia Knechtle ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Senn Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body
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