Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-34
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals Chinese Guidelines Related to Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Qiu ◽  
Shuyao Liang ◽  
Monique Dabbous ◽  
Yitong Wang ◽  
Ru Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background and Objective: China has managed to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with confinement measurements and treatment strategies, while other countries are struggling to contain the spread. This study discusses the guidelines related to COVID-19 in China in order to provide important references for other countries in the fight against COVID-19. Methods: Chinese guidelines relevant to COVID-19 were systematically searched via the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, YiMaiTong database, and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database on March 20th, 2020. Guideline information was extracted, including date of publication, source, objectives and the target population. Guidelines specific to the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 were further investigated to identify the types of antivirus drugs recommended and to report on how treatment recommendations for COVID-19 have evolved overtime. Results: A total of 114 guidelines were identified, of which 87 were national guidelines and 27 were regional guidelines. The scope of included guidelines consisted of: the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the management of hospital departments and specific diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19. Sixty-four of the included guidelines targeted all COVID-19 patients, while the remaining guidelines concentrated on special patient populations (i.e., geriatric population, pediatric population, and pregnant population) or patients with coexisting diseases. Twenty-three guidelines focused on the pharmacological treatments for all COVID-19 patients. Interferon, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Chloroquine, and Umifenovir represented the most recommended antivirus drugs. With the emergence of encouraging results from preclinical and preliminary clinical studies, Chloroquine Phosphate was recommended in the national Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (6th version) on February 19th, 2020. Thereafter, more detailed guidelines regarding the adjustment of dosage regimens and the monitoring of adverse events of Chloroquine Phosphate were published. To date, 8 Chinese guidelines have recommended Chloroquine Phosphate or Hydroxychloroquine as mainstream antivirus drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusions: China has generated a plethora of guidelines covering almost all aspects of COVID-19. Chloroquine, as one widely affordable treatment, holds great potential to become the gold standard choice as more clinical evidence is shared by researchers from China as well as other countries.

scholarly journals APASL practical recommendations for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichiro Shiina ◽  
Rino A. Gani ◽  
Osamu Yokosuka ◽  
Hitoshi Maruyama ◽  
Hiroaki Nagamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Care System ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background COVID-19 has been giving the devastating impact on the current medical care system. There are quite many guidelines on COVID-19, but only a few on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during COVID-19 pandemic. Aims We develop these recommendations to preserve adequate clinical practice for the management of HCC. Methods Experts of HCC in the Asia–Pacific region exchanged opinions via webinar, and these recommendations were formed. Results Close contact should be minimized to reduce possible exposure of both medical staff and patients to the novel coronavirus. To prevent transmission of the virus, meticulous hygiene measures are important. With the decrease in regular medical service, the medical staff may be mobilized to provide COVID-19-related patient care. However, diagnosis and treatment of HCC should not be delayed because of COVID-19 pandemic. The management of HCC should be the same as in non-pandemic circumstances. HCC is highly malignant, thus it is recommended not to delay curative treatment such as surgery and ablation. However, a kind of triage is necessary even among patients with HCC when resources are insufficient for all to be treated. Curative treatments should be periodized and cytoreductive or non-curative treatment such as vascular interventions and systemic therapy may be postponed until it can be performed safely with sufficient resources. For patients with confirmed or suspected to be infected with the novel coronavirus, diagnosis and treatment should be postponed until the virus is eliminated or they are confirmed as not being infected with it. Conclusions These are collection of measures implemented by front-line medical professionals. We would evolve these recommendations over time as more real-world data becomes available.

scholarly journals Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hiccup in Neurological Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Nícollas Nunes Rabelo ◽  
Daniel Alves Branco Valli ◽  
Igor De Souza Furtado ◽  
Luciano José Silveira Filho ◽  
Vitor Hugo Honorato Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Intractable Hiccups ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hiccup is a prevalent event in the general population and can be found from milder, (so-called benign) to persistent and intractable forms. Hiccups have several causes, but stimulation of the phrenic nerve with compression, deformation and traction are among the most prevalent which could be consequence of mediastinal or lung cancer, gastric and/or esophageal distention, gastroesophageal reflux, instruments (catheters and intubation), cholecystitis, pericarditis or neurological causes. The objective of this paper is to stablish one treatment protocol and hiccup treatment in acute, persistent and intractable stages. A literature review was performed at Scielo, Pubmed, Ebsco, Clin Neuropharmacol, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles and publications from 1970 to 2015 were selected. The relevance of this article is the challenge for diagnostic and the difficulty to stablish the best plan to be addressed in cases of persistent or intractable hiccups in neurological patients, since they probably have many causes.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN HUBEI PROVINCE AND REST PARTS OF MAINLAND CHINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Youfu Ke ◽  
Zemin Chen ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Hoyan Wong ◽  
Yunkeung Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Daily Observation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis ◽  
Close Contacts

Background: China 's national-level anti-COVID-19 campaign has been going on for a month. With the development of the epidemic, it is found that COVID-19 severity in Hubei province (Hubei) is different from the rest of mainland China (Rest of China). It is necessary to compare the two areas, summarize experiences and lessons, analyze the epidemic trend and further point out the direction for the campaign. Methods: Prevent, quarantine and treat the disease according to The Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards. Collect the numbers of total close contacts, daily observation cases, daily suspected cases, total conrmed cases, daily severe cases, total deaths from January 20 to February 19, input them into SPSS 25 and Microsoft ofce 2019 excel for data processing, statistical analysis and drawing. Findings: Total conrmed cases in Hubei account for 83.2% of the country. Daily suspected cases growth rates for both areas have become negative since February 9. Daily observation cases in Rest of China reached highest point on February 5 as opposed to February 13 in Hubei, and total close contacts growth rates for the last three days are declining steadily to 1.9% and 3.8% respectively. Total conrmed cases growth rate has hit the lowest levels in Rest of China at 0.34% by comparison with 0.57% in Hubei. Mean fatality rate and mean percentage of severe cases for the last three days in Rest of China are 0.67% and 5.83% in contrast to 3.12% and 18.2% in Hubei. There have been very signicant differences in fatality rate and percentage of severe cases existing in the two areas since January 23 and 24 respectively (P<0.01). Interpretation: Hubei is the main epidemic area. COVID-19 has low fatality rate and high transmissibility. Cutting off the source of infection is pivotal in containing COVID-19 outbreak and has a guiding effect on prevention and control of pandemic worldwide. The Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards has played an important role in helping medical staff across the country to ght the epidemic. Coordinating national medical resources to support disaster areas, making full use of the existing facilities to isolate and quarantine, providing timely and accurate treatment can reduce fatality rate. Further efforts are needed to develop highly effective Chinese medicines, western drugs and vaccines in order to eradicate the virus or prevent the epidemic from continuing.

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