scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN HUBEI PROVINCE AND REST PARTS OF MAINLAND CHINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Youfu Ke ◽  
Zemin Chen ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Hoyan Wong ◽  
Yunkeung Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Daily Observation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis ◽  
Close Contacts

Background: China 's national-level anti-COVID-19 campaign has been going on for a month. With the development of the epidemic, it is found that COVID-19 severity in Hubei province (Hubei) is different from the rest of mainland China (Rest of China). It is necessary to compare the two areas, summarize experiences and lessons, analyze the epidemic trend and further point out the direction for the campaign. Methods: Prevent, quarantine and treat the disease according to The Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards. Collect the numbers of total close contacts, daily observation cases, daily suspected cases, total conrmed cases, daily severe cases, total deaths from January 20 to February 19, input them into SPSS 25 and Microsoft ofce 2019 excel for data processing, statistical analysis and drawing. Findings: Total conrmed cases in Hubei account for 83.2% of the country. Daily suspected cases growth rates for both areas have become negative since February 9. Daily observation cases in Rest of China reached highest point on February 5 as opposed to February 13 in Hubei, and total close contacts growth rates for the last three days are declining steadily to 1.9% and 3.8% respectively. Total conrmed cases growth rate has hit the lowest levels in Rest of China at 0.34% by comparison with 0.57% in Hubei. Mean fatality rate and mean percentage of severe cases for the last three days in Rest of China are 0.67% and 5.83% in contrast to 3.12% and 18.2% in Hubei. There have been very signicant differences in fatality rate and percentage of severe cases existing in the two areas since January 23 and 24 respectively (P<0.01). Interpretation: Hubei is the main epidemic area. COVID-19 has low fatality rate and high transmissibility. Cutting off the source of infection is pivotal in containing COVID-19 outbreak and has a guiding effect on prevention and control of pandemic worldwide. The Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards has played an important role in helping medical staff across the country to ght the epidemic. Coordinating national medical resources to support disaster areas, making full use of the existing facilities to isolate and quarantine, providing timely and accurate treatment can reduce fatality rate. Further efforts are needed to develop highly effective Chinese medicines, western drugs and vaccines in order to eradicate the virus or prevent the epidemic from continuing.

scholarly journals Update on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2211-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Miao ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Yinying Yao ◽  
Mingfu Wu ◽  
Chao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Health Committee ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis

AbstractSince the outbreak of novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in Wuhan City, China, in late 2019, such cases have been gradually reported in other parts of China and abroad. Children have become susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of their immature immune function. As the outbreak has progressed, more cases of novel coronavirus infection/pneumonia in children have been reported. Compared with adults, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less severe, with a lower incidence and susceptibility in children, which results in fewer children being tested, thereby underestimating the actual number of infections. Therefore, strengthening the diagnosis of the disease is particularly important for children, and early and clear diagnosis can determine treatment strategies and reduce the harm caused by the disease to children. According to the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (trial version 7) issued by National Health Committee and the latest diagnosis and treatment strategies for novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in children, this review summarizes current strategies on diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.

scholarly journals APASL practical recommendations for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichiro Shiina ◽  
Rino A. Gani ◽  
Osamu Yokosuka ◽  
Hitoshi Maruyama ◽  
Hiroaki Nagamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Care System ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background COVID-19 has been giving the devastating impact on the current medical care system. There are quite many guidelines on COVID-19, but only a few on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during COVID-19 pandemic. Aims We develop these recommendations to preserve adequate clinical practice for the management of HCC. Methods Experts of HCC in the Asia–Pacific region exchanged opinions via webinar, and these recommendations were formed. Results Close contact should be minimized to reduce possible exposure of both medical staff and patients to the novel coronavirus. To prevent transmission of the virus, meticulous hygiene measures are important. With the decrease in regular medical service, the medical staff may be mobilized to provide COVID-19-related patient care. However, diagnosis and treatment of HCC should not be delayed because of COVID-19 pandemic. The management of HCC should be the same as in non-pandemic circumstances. HCC is highly malignant, thus it is recommended not to delay curative treatment such as surgery and ablation. However, a kind of triage is necessary even among patients with HCC when resources are insufficient for all to be treated. Curative treatments should be periodized and cytoreductive or non-curative treatment such as vascular interventions and systemic therapy may be postponed until it can be performed safely with sufficient resources. For patients with confirmed or suspected to be infected with the novel coronavirus, diagnosis and treatment should be postponed until the virus is eliminated or they are confirmed as not being infected with it. Conclusions These are collection of measures implemented by front-line medical professionals. We would evolve these recommendations over time as more real-world data becomes available.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES ON THE MANIFESTATION OF COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
S. O. Yastremska ◽  
O. M. Krekhovska-Lepiavko ◽  
B. A. Lokay ◽  
O. V. Bushtynska ◽  
S. V. Danchak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Summary. The first known case of infection from the novel coronavirus was recorded almost one year ago, in China’s Hubei province. The city of Wuhan was infamous the world over as the original virus epicenter, seeing more than half of China’s reported cases and deaths. The outbreak of COVID-19 virus, as sickened more than 14.7 million people. At least 610.200 people have died. The aim of the study – to analyze and systematize the literature data about the influence of chronic diseases on the manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods. The study uses publications of the world scientific literature on COVID-19 infection, in particular the causes and mechanisms of its development, treatment, complications and its consequences as well as the influence of different chronic disorders on the course of COVID-19. Results. A sample of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 14 states of the USA in March was analyzed by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was found that many (89 %) had underlying health problem and 94 % of patients were at the age 65 and older. The case fatality rate for those under age 60 was 1.4 percent. For those over age 60, the fatality rate jumps to 4.5 percent. The older the population, the higher the fatality rate. For those 80 and over, Covid-19 appears to have a 13.4 percent fatality rate. Moreover, it was recognized, that older adults don't present in a typical way of the course of different disorders, and we're seeing that with Covid-19 as well. Conclusions. Chronic diseases and conditions are on the rise worldwide. COVID-19 became the most challenging pandemic influencing all countries worldwide. Chronic diseases are suggested to be one of the main causes of different life-threatening complications of COVID-19 infection and one of the main factors of poor prognosis for the patients.

scholarly journals A data-driven assessment of early travel restrictions related to the spreading of the novel COVID-19 within mainland China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Aleta ◽  
Qitong Hu ◽  
Jiachen Ye ◽  
Peng Ji ◽  
Yamir Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Two months after it was firstly reported, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has already spread worldwide. However, the vast majority of reported infections have occurred in China. To assess the effect of early travel restrictions adopted by the health authorities in China, we have implemented an epidemic metapopulation model that is fed with mobility data corresponding to 2019 and 2020. This allows to compare two radically different scenarios, one with no travel restrictions and another in which mobility is reduced by a travel ban. Our findings indicate that i) travel restrictions are an effective measure in the short term, however, ii) they are ineffective when it comes to completely eliminate the disease. The latter is due to the impossibility of removing the risk of seeding the disease to other regions. Our study also highlights the importance of developing more realistic models of behavioral changes when a disease outbreak is unfolding.

scholarly journals Tied Infections: How Social Connectedness to Other COVID-19 Patients Influences Illness Severity

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Xuewen Yan ◽  
Tianyao Qu ◽  
Nathan Sperber ◽  
Jinyuan Lu ◽  
Mengzhen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reduced Time ◽  
Close Contacts

Expanding on recent research on the transmission of COVID-19 via social networks, this article argues that exposure to familial and other close contacts who already have the disease may increase the severity of one’s subsequent illness. We hypothesize that having family members or close contacts who were diagnosed with COVID-19 before one’s own diagnosis exacerbates illness severity due to several potential mechanisms including changes in available social support access, increased stress and strain, and increased viral load due to the nature of one’s exposure to the novel coronavirus. We analyze administrative data of all 417 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Chinese city of Shenzhen between January 8 and February 25, 2020. Our analyses show that, when patients had family members or close ties diagnosed with COVID-19, they experienced more severe illness. We also find that patients with infected family members or close contacts did not have significantly extended total illness duration, due to their reduced time to diagnosis. The implications of both findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of EFL online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110544
Author(s):  
Bin Zou ◽  
Lulu Huang ◽  
Wulin Ma ◽  
Yuqing Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Online Teaching And Learning ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Efl Teaching ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Online teaching has been massively conducted during the novel coronavirus period all over the world. How to evaluate online teaching has been increasingly researched recently. This study looked at how English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching was delivered online by university teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated university teachers and students’ perception of effective EFL online teaching and learning based on several evaluation modes in using technology in education. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews from teachers and students in a variety of provinces in Mainland China. The results showed that various methods were used to deliver online EFL courses and these approaches are found to correlate with each other. Teachers and students provided positive comments on online teaching and were satisfied with their online teaching and learning. Participants also noted effective ways in online EFL teaching. The findings indicated that when teachers have more training, more skills, and more confidence, they could deliver more effective online teaching and learning.

scholarly journals Lessons from mainland China’s epidemic experience about the growth rules of infected and recovered cases of COVID-19 worldwide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanliang Han ◽  
Yimeng Liu ◽  
Jiting Tang ◽  
Yuyao Zhu ◽  
Carlo Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Linear Connection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that emerged at the end of 2019 has been controlled in mainland China so far, while it is still spreading globally. When the pandemic will end is a question of great concern. A logistic model depicting the growth rules of infected and recovered cases in mainland China may shed some light on this question. We extended this model to 31 countries outside China experiencing serious COVID-2019 outbreaks. The model well explained the data in our study (R2 ≥ 0.95). For infected cases, the semi-saturation period (SSP) ranges from 63 to 170 days (March 3 to June 18). The logistic growth rate of infected cases is positively correlated with that of recovered cases, and the same holds for the SSP. According to the linear connection between the growth rules for infected and recovered cases identified from the Chinese data, we predicted that the SSP of the recovered cases outside China ranges from 82 to 196 days (March 22 to July 8). More importantly, we found a strong positive correlation between the SSP of infected cases and the timing of government’s response, providing strong evidence for the effectiveness of rapid epidemic control measures in various countries.

scholarly journals Incorporating Human Movement Data to Improve Epidemiological Estimates for 2019-nCoV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidong Cao ◽  
Qingpeng Zhang ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Dirk Pfeiffer ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Infection ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reporting Data

AbstractEstimating the key epidemiological features of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic proves to be challenging, given incompleteness and delays in early data reporting, in particular, the severe under-reporting bias in the epicenter, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As a result, the current literature reports widely varying estimates. We developed an alternative geo-stratified debiasing estimation framework by incorporating human mobility with case reporting data in three stratified zones, i.e., Wuhan, Hubei Province excluding Wuhan, and mainland China excluding Hubei. We estimated the latent infection ratio to be around 0.12% (18,556 people) and the basic reproduction number to be 3.24 in Wuhan before the city’s lockdown on January 23, 2020. The findings based on this debiasing framework have important implications to prioritization of control and prevention efforts.One Sentence SummaryA geo-stratified debiasing approach incorporating human movement data was developed to improve modeling of the 2019-nCoV epidemic.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of 27,000 SARS-CoV-2 Genomes: Europe as the Major Source of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Teresa Rito ◽  
Martin B. Richards ◽  
Maria Pala ◽  
Margarida Correia-Neves ◽  
Pedro A. Soares
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged from a zoonotic transmission in China towards the end of 2019, rapidly leading to a global pandemic on a scale not seen for a century. In order to cast fresh light on the spread of the virus and on the effectiveness of the containment measures adopted globally, we used 26,869 SARS-CoV-2 genomes to build a phylogeny with 20,247 mutation events and adopted a phylogeographic approach. We confirmed that the phylogeny pinpoints China as the origin of the pandemic with major founders worldwide, mainly during January 2020. However, a single specific East Asian founder underwent massive radiation in Europe and became the main actor of the subsequent spread worldwide during March 2020. This lineage accounts for the great majority of cases detected globally and even spread back to the source in East Asia. Despite an East Asian source, therefore, the global pandemic was mainly fueled by its expansion across and out of Europe. It seems likely that travel bans established throughout the world in the second half of March helped to decrease the number of intercontinental exchanges, particularly from mainland China, but were less effective between Europe and North America where exchanges in both directions are visible up to April, long after bans were imposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document