A Path Construction Algorithm for Translation Validation Using PRES+ Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyadip Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Dipankar Sarkar ◽  
Chittaranjan Mandal ◽  
Kunal Banerjee ◽  
Krishnam Raju Duddu
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Checking ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Path Cover ◽  
Processor Architectures ◽  
Translation Validation ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Concurrent Applications ◽  
Sequential Behaviour ◽  
Architecture Modelling ◽  
Parallel Behaviour

Multi-core and multi-processor architectures have predominated the domain of embedded systems permitting easy mapping of concurrent applications to such architectures. The programs, in general, are subjected to significant optimizing and parallelizing transformations, automated and also human guided, before being mapped to an architecture. Modelling parallel behaviour and formally verifying that their functionality is preserved during synthesis are challenging tasks. Untimed PRES+ models are found to be suitable for the specification of parallel behaviour. Path cover oriented equivalence checking methods have been found to be quite effective for sequential behaviour. Path construction for parallel behaviour, however, is significantly more complex than that for sequential behaviour due to all possible interleavings of the parallel operations. Identification of the path covers depends upon choosing appropriate cut-points. In this paper, the need for introducing cut-points dynamically has been underlined and a mechanism to achieve this task is proposed. Details on how to construct a path cover using dynamic cut-points is presented.

Equivalence checking of Petri net models of programs using static and dynamic cut-points

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyadip Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Dipankar Sarkar ◽  
Chittaranjan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Petri Net ◽  
Equivalence Checking ◽  
Cut Points

Pre-operative Plasma Levels of Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complexes Correlate with the Development of Venous Thrombosis after Major Hip or Knee Surgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (02) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Ginsberg ◽  
Patrick Brill-Edwards ◽  
Akbar Panju ◽  
Ameen Patel ◽  
Joanne McGinnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Knee Surgery ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Major Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryStudy objective. To determine whether levels of thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) in plasma, taken two weeks pre-operatively, predict the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing major hip or knee surgery.Design. Prospective cohort.Setting. Tertiary-care referral centre, university-affiliated hospital.Patients. Ninety eight consecutive patients undergoing elective hip or knee surgery.Intervention. All eligible consenting patients were seen in a preoperative clinic two weeks prior to surgery and had blood taken for measurement of plasma TAT level. After surgery, they received a combination of unfractionated heparin 5000 Units 12-hourly subcutaneously, and antiembolism stockings (TEDS), as prophylaxis against DVT. Contrast venography was performed prior to discharge, and according to the results, patients were classified as having proximal (popliteal and/or more proximal) DVT (n = 12), calf DVT (n = 7) or no DVT (n = 79).Measurements and Results. The mean TAT level was significantly higher in patients who developed DVT (5.7 μg/l) than in those who did not (4.1 μg/l), p = 0.035. Using cut-points of 3.5 and 5.5 μg/l for the TAT level, patients could be categorized as high, intermediate, and low risk for the development of DVT. The proportion of patients with TAT levels of ≥3.5μg/l who developed calf or proximal DVT was significantly higher than the proportion of patients with TAT levels of <3.5 μg/l who developed calf or proximal DVT (p = 0.02). The proportion of patients with TAT levels >5.5 μg/l who developed proximal DVT was significantly higher than the proportion of patients with TAT levels of ≤5.5 μg/l who developed proximal DVT (p = 0.03).Conclusions. This study demonstrates that pre-operative TAT levels correlate with the risk of developing DVT after major orthopedic surgery. Further studies are needed to determine the reason(s) for this observation and whether rational recommendations about prophylaxis and screening for DVT can be made based on the results of a pre-operative TAT level.

Soft Skills in Engineers, a Relevant Field of Research: Exploring and Assessing Skills in Italian Engineering Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Caggiano ◽  
Teresa Redomero-Echeverría ◽  
Jose-Luis Poza-Lujan ◽  
Andrea Bellezza
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Change Perception ◽  
Emotional Adaptation ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Relevant Field

Soft skills are important for any career and are necessary to access and face the labor market. This research focuses on soft skills by exploring engineer profiles. It also determines how soft skills are developed through the study of a representative sample of 314 undergraduate engineering students from 15 different Italian universities. The instrument used is a questionnaire that investigates soft skills and is based on the Business-focused Inventory of Personality (BIP). Answers are grouped into four areas: intrapersonal, interpersonal, activity development, and impression management. Results show that these engineers have more self-confidence than the reference sample; they demonstrated a great commitment in setting job goals and pursuing projects, a good emotional adaptation to social situations, and enough attitudes in terms of problem solving and openness to change. Perception on the ability to work under pressure is in the average, and they seem ready to take on challenging tasks. The score shows that engineers from the sample are able to express positive and negative ideas and feelings in balance with the reference average, but sometimes they have difficulties in establishing personal relationships. Therefore, they are unable to understand the moods of those who around them and may also have difficulty in understanding their expectations. This results in some difficulties in teamwork. The general result underlines the opportunity of empowerment programs regarding soft skills.

Comparison of PROMIS Anxiety and Depression, PHQ-8, and GAD-7 to screen for anxiety and depression among patients presenting for spine surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-531
Author(s):  
Taylor E. Purvis ◽  
Brian J. Neuman ◽  
Lee H. Riley ◽  
Richard L. Skolasky
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Patient Reported

OBJECTIVEIn this paper, the authors demonstrate to spine surgeons the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression among patients presenting for surgery and explore the relationships between different legacy and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) screening measures.METHODSA total of 512 adult spine surgery patients at a single institution completed the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7), 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression scale, and PROMIS Anxiety and Depression computer-adaptive tests (CATs) preoperatively. Correlation coefficients were calculated between PROMIS scores and GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores. Published reference tables were used to determine the presence of anxiety or depression using GAD-7 and PHQ-8. Sensitivity and specificity of published guidance on the PROMIS Anxiety and Depression CATs were compared. Guidance from 3 sources was compared: published GAD-7 and PHQ-8 crosswalk tables, American Psychiatric Association scales, and expert clinical consensus. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine data-driven cut-points for PROMIS Anxiety and Depression. Significance was accepted as p < 0.05.RESULTSIn 512 spine surgery patients, anxiety and depression were prevalent preoperatively (5% with any anxiety, 24% with generalized anxiety screen-positive; and 54% with any depression, 24% with probable major depression). Correlations were moderately strong between PROMIS Anxiety and GAD-7 scores (r = 0.72; p < 0.001) and between PROMIS Depression and PHQ-8 scores (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The observed correlation of the PROMIS Depression score was greater with the PHQ-8 cognitive/affective score (r = 0.766) than with the somatic score (r = 0.601) (p < 0.001). PROMIS Anxiety and Depression CATs were able to detect the presence of generalized anxiety screen-positive (sensitivity, 86.0%; specificity, 81.6%) and of probable major depression (sensitivity, 82.3%; specificity, 81.4%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated data-driven cut-points for these groups.CONCLUSIONSPROMIS Anxiety and Depression CATs are reliable tools for identifying generalized anxiety screen-positive spine surgery patients and those with probable major depression.

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