scholarly journals Comprehending particle production at RHIC and LHC energies using global measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750060
Author(s):  
Sadhana Dash ◽  
Basanta K. Nandi ◽  
Ranjit Nayak ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Pandey ◽  
Priyanka Sett
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Two Component

The centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity densities [Formula: see text] and transverse energy densities [Formula: see text] are investigated using the two-component Glauber approach for broad range of energies in heavy ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A comprehensive study shows that the data is well-described within the framework of two-component model which includes the contribution of “soft processes” and “hard processes” for different centrality classes and energies. The data at two different energies are compared by means of the ratio of [Formula: see text] (and [Formula: see text]) to see the interplay of energy scaling and relative contribution of hard processes.

scholarly journals Transverse energy and charged particle production in heavy-ion collisions: From RHIC to LHC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghunath Sahoo ◽  
Aditya Nath Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Universal Function ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

We study the charged particle and transverse energy production mechanism from AGS, SPS, Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) to Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies in the framework of nucleon and quark participants. At RHIC and LHC energies, the number of nucleons-normalized charged particle and transverse energy density in pseudorapidity, which shows a monotonic rise with centrality, turns out to be an almost centrality independent scaling behavior when normalized to the number of participant quarks. A universal function which is a combination of logarithmic and power-law, describes well the charged particle and transverse energy production both at nucleon and quark participant level for the whole range of collision energies. Energy dependent production mechanisms are discussed both for nucleonic and partonic level. Predictions are made for the pseudorapidity densities of transverse energy, charged particle multiplicity and their ratio (the barometric observable, [Formula: see text]) at mid-rapidity for Pb + Pb collisions at [Formula: see text]. A comparison with models based on gluon saturation and statistical hadron gas is made for the energy dependence of [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Selected Experimental Results from Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranbir Singh ◽  
Lokesh Kumar ◽  
Pawan Kumar Netrakanti ◽  
Bedangadas Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Azimuthal Anisotropy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Ion Collisions

We review a subset of experimental results from the heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) facility at CERN. Excellent consistency is observed across all the experiments at the LHC (at center of mass energysNN=2.76 TeV) for the measurements such as charged particle multiplicity density, azimuthal anisotropy coefficients, and nuclear modification factor of charged hadrons. Comparison to similar measurements from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at lower energy (sNN=200 GeV) suggests that the system formed at LHC has a higher energy density and larger system size and lives for a longer time. These measurements are compared to model calculations to obtain physical insights on the properties of matter created at the RHIC and LHC.

scholarly journals Particle Production in XeXe Collisions at the LHC within the Integrated Hydrokinetic Model

Particles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Yuri Sinyukov ◽  
Musfer Adzhymambetov ◽  
Volodymyr Shapoval
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Collision Type

The paper is devoted to the theoretical study of particle production in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Xe+Xe collisions at the energy s N N = 5 . 44 TeV. The description of common bulk observables, such as mean charged particle multiplicity, particle number ratios, and p T spectra, is obtained within the integrated hydrokinetic model, and the simulation results are compared to the corresponding experimental points. The comparison shows that the model is able to adequately describe the measured data for the considered collision type, similarly as for the cases of Pb+Pb LHC collisions and top Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energy Au+Au collisions, analyzed in our previous works.

scholarly journals IDENTICAL MESON INTERFEROMETRY IN STAR EXPERIMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 1883-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
DEBASISH DAS
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Star Collaboration ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Transverse Mass ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Freeze Out

The influence of Bose–Einstein statistics on multi-particle production characterized for various systems and energies by the STAR collaboration provides interesting information about the space-time dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. We present the centrality and transverse mass dependence measurements of the two-pion interferometry in Au + Au collisions at [Formula: see text] and Cu + Cu collisions at [Formula: see text] and 200 GeV. We compare the new data with previous STAR measurements from p + p , d + Au and Au + Au collisions at [Formula: see text]. In all systems and centralities, HBT radii decrease with transverse mass in a similar manner, which is qualitatively consistent with collective flow. The scaling of the apparent freeze-out volume with the number of participants and charged particle multiplicity is studied. Measurements of Au + Au collisions at same centralities and different energies yield different freeze-out volumes, which mean that N part is not a suitable scaling variable. The multiplicity scaling of the measured HBT radii is found to be independent of colliding system and collision energy.

scholarly journals Measurements of jets in heavy ion collisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 05010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Nattrass
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Jet Quenching ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Ion Collisions

The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is created in high energy heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This medium is transparent to electromagnetic probes but nearly opaque to colored probes. Hard partons produced early in the collision fragment and hadronize into a collimated spray of particles called a jet. The partons lose energy as they traverse the medium, a process called jet quenching. Most of the lost energy is still correlated with the parent parton, contributing to particle production at larger angles and lower momenta relative to the parent parton than in proton-proton collisions. This partonic energy loss can be measured through several observables, each of which give different insights into the degree and mechanism of energy loss. The measurements to date are summarized and the path forward is discussed.

scholarly journals (Anti-)(hyper-)nuclei production in Pb–Pb collisions with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider

2020 ◽  
Vol 1643 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
Stefano Trogolo
Keyword(s):  
Hadron Collider ◽  
System Size ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Alice Experiment ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

Abstract In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions a great variety of (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei are produced, namely deuteron, triton, 3He, 4He, hypertriton ( Λ 3 H ) and their antiparticles. The ALICE experiment is the most suited to investigate the production of (hyper-)nuclei at the LHC, thanks to an excellent particle identification and low-material budget detectors. Recent results on (hyper-)nuclei production as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and charged particle multiplicity (dN ch/d η ) in Pb–Pb collisions are presented. The evolution of the production yields with the system size is also shown, via comparison to the results obtained in small collision systems, like pp and p–Pb. The results on the production of (hyper-)nuclei are also compared with the predictions based on a naive coalescence approach and the statistical hadronization models. Furthermore, the latest and currently most precise measurement of the hypertriton lifetime is presented. It is compared with results obtained by different experimental techniques and with theoretical predictions.

NEGATIVE BINOMIAL FITS TO MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS FROM CENTRAL 16O+Cu COLLISIONS AT 14.6 A GeV/c AND THEIR IMPLICATION FOR “INTERMITTENCY”

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. TANNENBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Binomial Distributions ◽  
Multiplicity Distributions

The method of normalized factorial moments has been used extensively to study the fluctuations in pseudorapidity of charged particle multiplicity as a function of the interval δη. Experience in analyzing the data from light and heavy ion collisions in terms of distributions rather than moments suggests that conventional fluctuations of multiplicity and transverse energy can be well described by gamma or Negative Binomial Distributions (NBD). Multiplicity distributions from central (ZCAL) collisions of 16 O+Cu at 14.6 A GeV/c have been analyzed by the E802 collaboration as a function of the interval δη≥0.1 in the range 1.2≤η≤2.2. Excellent fits to NBD were obtained in all δη bins. The k parameter of the NBD fit exhibits a steep linear increase with the δη interval, which due to the well known property of the NBD under convolution, indicates that the multiplicity distributions in adjacent bins of pseudorapidity δη~0.1 are largely statistically independent. This result explains and demystifies “intermittency.”

scholarly journals Small System Collectivity in Relativistic Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Nagle ◽  
William A. Zajc
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Nuclear Matter ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Small System ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Bulk Motion ◽  
Inviscid Hydrodynamics

The bulk motion of nuclear matter at the ultrahigh temperatures created in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider is well described in terms of nearly inviscid hydrodynamics, thereby establishing this system of quarks and gluons as the most perfect fluid in nature. A revolution in the field is under way, spearheaded by the discovery of similar collective, fluid-like phenomena in much smaller systems including p+ p, p+ A, d+Au, and3He+Au collisions. We review these exciting new observations and their profound implications for hydrodynamic descriptions of small and/or out-of-equilibrium systems.

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