ELECTROMAGNETIC MODES AND ZERO-POINT ENERGY IN A DIELECTRIC ANNULAR REGION

The fundamental electric and magnetic modes are determined for an electromagnetic field contained in a spherical annular region a<r<b, filled with a medium of constant permittivity and permeability. The surfaces r=a and r=b are perfectly conducting. Knowledge about the mode spectrum enables one to calculate the zero-point energy in a very simple way, by means of a contour integration method.

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A Unified Theory of All the Fields in Elementary Particle Physics Derived Solely from the Zero-Point Energy in Quantized Spacetime

10.20944/preprints201907.0326.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shinichi Ishiguri

Keyword(s):

Elementary Particle ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Dark Energy ◽

Strong Interaction ◽

Particle Physics ◽

Zero Point ◽

Gravitational Equation ◽

Zero Point Energy ◽

Point Energy ◽

Elementary Particle Physics

We propose a new theory beyond the standard model of elementary-particle physics. Employing the concept of a quantized spacetime, our theory demonstrates that the zero-point energy of the vacuum alone is sufficient to create all the fields, including gravity, the static electromagnetic field, and the weak and strong interactions. No serious undetermined parameters are assumed. Furthermore, the relations between the forces at the quantum-mechanics level is made clear. Using these relations, we quantize Einstein’s gravitational equation and explain the Dark Energy in our universe. Beginning with the zero-point energy of the vacuum, and after quantizing Newtonian gravity, we combine the energies of a static electromagnetic field and gravity in a quantum spacetime. Applying these results to the Einstein gravity equation, we substitute the energy density derived from the zero-point energy in addition to redefining differentials in a quantized spacetime. We thus derive the quantized Einstein gravitational equation without assuming the existence of macroscopic masses. This also explains the existence of the Dark Energy in the universe. For the weak interaction, by considering plane-wave electron and the zero-point energy, we obtain a wavefunction that represents a β collapse. In this process, from a different point of view than Weinberg-Salam theory, we derive the masses of the W and Z bosons and the neutrino, and we calculate the radius of the neutron. For the strong interaction, we previously reported an analytical theory for calculating the mass of a proton by considering a specific linear attractive potential obtained from the zero-point energy, which agrees well with the measurements. In the present study, we calculate the strong interaction between two nucleons, i.e., the mass of the pi-meson. The resulting calculated quantities agree with the measurements, which verifies our proposed theory.

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Zero Point Energy

Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia ◽

10.1002/0471743984.vse7649 ◽

2005 ◽

Keyword(s):

Zero Point ◽

Zero Point Energy ◽

Point Energy

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Zero-point energy of linear triatomic molecules

Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 2 Molecular and Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/f29747000871 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 871 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jan Bron

Keyword(s):

Zero Point ◽

Zero Point Energy ◽

Point Energy ◽

Triatomic Molecules

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An investigation into the existence of zero-point energy in the Rock-Salt Lattice by an X-Ray Diffraction Method

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character ◽

10.1098/rspa.1928.0055 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 118 (779) ◽

pp. 334-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Keyword(s):

Rock Salt ◽

Diffraction Method ◽

Zero Point ◽

Temperature Factor ◽

X Rays ◽

Zero Point Energy ◽

Chlorine Atoms ◽

Point Energy ◽

X Ray ◽

State Of Rest

In the present paper we shall attempt to collate the results of four separate lines of research which, taken together, appear to provide some interesting checks between theory and experiment. The investigations to be considered are (1) the discussion by Waller* and by Wentzel,† on the basis of the quantum (wave) mechanics, of the scattering of radiation by an atom ; (2) the calculation by Hartree of the Schrödinger distribution of charge in the atoms of chlorine and sodium ; (3) the measurements of James and Miss Firth‡ of the scattering power of the sodium and chlorine atoms in the rock-salt crystal for X-rays at a series of temperatures extending as low as the temperature of liquid air ; and (4) the theoretical discussion of the temperature factor of X-ray reflexion by Debye§ and by Waller.∥ Application of the laws of scattering to the distribution of charge calculated for the sodium and chlorine atoms, enables us to calculate the coherent atomic scattering for X-radiation, as a function of the angle of scattering and of the wave-length, for these atoms in a state of rest, assuming that the frequency of the X-radiation is higher than, and not too near the frequency of the K - absorption edge for the atom.¶ From the observed scattering power at the temperature of liquid air, and from the measured value of the temperature factor, we can, by applying the theory of the temperature effect, calculate the scattering power at the absolute zero, or rather for the atom reduced to a state of rest. The extrapolation to a state of rest will differ according to whether we assume the existence or absence of zero point energy in the crystal lattice. Hence we may hope, in the first place to test the agreement between the observed scattering power and that calculated from the atomic model, and in the second place to see whether the experimental results indicate the presence of zero-point energy or no.

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