GEOMETRODYNAMIC STEERING PRINCIPLE REVEALS THE DETERMINERS OF INERTIA

1988 ◽  
Vol 03 (10) ◽  
pp. 2207-2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN ARCHIBALD WHEELER

What shall we need to grasp the essence of quantum gravity? One requirement, at least, is essential: to understand the steering principle of classical geometrodynamics. We outline here the physical content of that steering principle—heart of the so-called initial value problem—in its J.W. York, Jr. formulation. The central idea epitomizes itself in a single simple sentence: Mass-energy there determines inertia here. We spell out this steering principle both in its precise form and in its poor man’s version. At both levels of analysis considerations of physics and mathematics alike require that the effective mass-energy of gravity waves must make itself felt on the space-time geometry—and therefore on the gyro-defined local inertial frame of reference—on the same level as matter itself. Additional to the (mass)/(distance) Newtonian potential so familiar as measure of the effect of a nearby mass on the local frame is the Thirring and Lense gravitomagnetic potential, proportional to (angular momentum)×(distance vector)/(distance)3. The recent proposal of Ciufolini for a dual laser-ranged LAGEOS satellite to detect the thus-predicted gravitomagnetism of the earth is briefly described.


1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
Li Zhi-gang ◽  
Qi Guan-Rong

While HIPPARCOS is expected to measure positions and proper motions with more accuracy than those obtained by ground-based instruments, what can we do in the future for ground-based instruments? The observations with them still are important for establishing an inertial frame because of the long history of observations with them and improvements in the instruments. Moreover, it is necessary to have data of observations from them for research on problems related to the Earth. The horizontal meridian circle in China (DCMT) is expected to have advantage over the classical meridian circles. The DCMT will be assembled and tested this year. It should work in the following fields: (1) observing radio stars, (2) observation of minor planets, (3) absolute determinations of IRS.





1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Louis Unfer

The history of Southeast Missouri State University parallels that of other teacher education institutions. It started as Southeast Missouri Normal School in 1873 and reached university status in 1972. A department of Geology and Geography was established in 1909, becoming the Geography Department in 1915. In 1924, the sciences were combined into the Science Department. In 1960, this became the Division of Science and Mathematics and the Department of Earth Sciences was formed. An earth science major began in 1937, with separate geology and geography majors established in 1958. Recently the Department has developed more specialized, job-oriented programs in mining geology and in cartography. Since 1983 the Department has also operated a field camp, headquartered on the campus of Dixie College, St. George, Utah.





2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sjöberg

Solving the Topographic Potential Bias as an Initial Value ProblemIf the gravitational potential or the disturbing potential of the Earth be downward continued by harmonic continuation inside the Earth's topography, it will be biased, the bias being the difference between the downward continued fictitious, harmonic potential and the real potential inside the masses. We use initial value problem techniques to solve for the bias. First, the solution is derived for a constant topographic density, in which case the bias can be expressed by a very simple formula related with the topographic height above the computation point. Second, for an arbitrary density distribution the bias becomes an integral along the vertical from the computation point to the Earth's surface. No topographic masses, except those along the vertical through the computation point, affect the bias. (To be exact, only the direct and indirect effects of an arbitrarily small but finite volume of mass around the surface point along the radius must be considered.) This implies that the frequently computed terrain effect is not needed (except, possibly, for an arbitrarily small inner-zone around the computation point) for computing the geoid by the method of analytical continuation.



Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. I1-I9 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Carcione

I present a pseudospectral explicit scheme that can simulate low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) propagation in the earth. This scheme solves linear periodic parabolic equations, having accuracy within machine precision, both temporally and spatially. The method is based on a Chebyshev expansion of the evolution operator, with the spatial derivatives computed via a staggered Fourier pseudospectral technique. The results match analytical solutions of the initial-value problem and the Green's function. An example of the EM field produced by a set of magnetic sources in a heterogeneous model illustrates the algorithm's performance.



2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Seán P. Madden ◽  
Jocelyn M. Comstock ◽  
James P. Downing

How big is the earth? How far away is the moon? How big is the moon? How tall are the mountains on the moon? These wonderfully naïve questions have been asked for centuries by children and astronomers alike. A great bonus for mathematics and science teachers is that with basic concepts from the high school curriculum and data that students can collect themselves, these questions can be answered to a high degree of accuracy.



1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 430-430
Author(s):  
He Miao-Fu ◽  
Huang Cheng

There are two kinds of geocentric frames: local inertial and non-inertial geocentric frames. Ashby et al successfully constructed a local inertial geocentric frame in the neighborhood of the gravitating Earth. In the frame with origin at the Earth's center, the gravitational effects of the sun and of planets other than the Earth are basically reduced to their tidal forces, with very small relativistic corrections.However, the spatial base vectors of the local inertial frame essentially experience the geodesic (or deSitter) precession with respect to the solar system barycentric frame. Hence the realization of the local inertial frame requires that the general precession should exclude the geodesic precession. This requirement is inconsistent with the convention that the amount of geodesic precession is included in that of the general precession given by Lieske et al.



1970 ◽  
Vol 54 (390) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
K. E. Bullen
Keyword(s):  


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