Characteristics of radiative and non-radiative energy fluxes over monsoon trough zone

In order to describe behaviour of radiative and non-radiative erergy fluxes in the surface layer, computation of net radiation, sensible, latent and heat soil flux has been done using hourly global radiation, slow response data of MONTBLEX-90 and surface observation of Varanasi and Jodhpur during rainy and non-rainy days in July 1990. Daily and hourly ground temperature is calculated solving one dimensional heat conduction equation and soil heat flux is computed using force restored method .Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) is calculated by Stefan-Boltzrnann law of radiation and the largest diurnal variability was found over dry convective zone. Results show that OLR from the ground lies in the range 473.0-537.6 Wm-2 at Jodhpur and 497.4 -548.4 Wm-2 at Varanasi during generally cloudy day. The dip in OLR is increascd by 10% with increase of relative humidity and cloudiness. Daily mean of the largest downward soil heat flux are found as 206.4 and 269.4 Wm-2 at Varanasi and Jodhpur respectively during cloudy day. About 40-50% of net radiation is imparted to soil heat flux at Varanasi and Jodhpur. Sum of the hourly non- radiative energy fluxes has not been balanced by net radiation while daily cumulative value of the fluxes balances the net radiation during non-rainy day.

Energy exchanges between ocean and atmosphere in relation to southwest monsoon performance over India

Energy fluxes over Indian seas have been computed for pre-monsoon and monsoon months of the years 1987 and 1988 using bulk aerodynamic equations with exchange coefficients which vary with wind speed and stability, The years 1987 and 1988 have bee~ chosen due to the constrasting nature of the performances of Indian summer monsoon during these years. Besides energy fluxes several other oceanographic parameters, viz., SST, sea-air temperature difference, 'Bowen ratio'and 'rate of wind work' have been computed and examined. The distributions of these parameters over Indian seas during 1987 and 1988 reveal several constrasting features. Some of these features provide predictive indications of monsoon performance.

On the Origins of the Oceanic Ultraviolet Catastrophe

We provide a first-principles analysis of the energy fluxes in the oceanic internal wavefield. The resulting formula is remarkably similar to the renowned phenomenological formula for the turbulent dissipation rate in the ocean which is known as the Finescale Parameterization. The prediction is based on the wave turbulence theory of internal gravity waves and on a new methodology devised for the computation of the associated energy fluxes. In the standard spectral representation of the wave energy density, in the two-dimensional vertical wavenumber – frequency (m – w) domain, the energy fluxes associated with the steady state are found to be directed downscale in both coordinates, closely matching the Finescale-Parameterization formula in functional form and in magnitude. These energy transfers are composed of a ‘local’ and a ‘scale-separated’ contributions; while the former is quantified numerically, the latter is dominated by the Induced Diffusion process and is amenable to analytical treatment. Contrary to previous results indicating an inverse energy cascade from high frequency to low, at odds with observations, our analysis of all non-zero coefficients of the diffusion tensor predicts a direct energy cascade. Moreover, by the same analysis fundamental spectra that had been deemed ‘no-flux’ solutions are reinstated to the status of ‘constant-downscale-flux’ solutions. This is consequential for an understanding of energy fluxes, sources and sinks that fits in the observational paradigm of the Finescale Parameterization, solving at once two long-standing paradoxes that had earned the name of ‘Oceanic Ultraviolet Catastrophe’.

Surface fluxes and the cyclogenesis over north and adjoining central Bay of Bengal during MONTBLEX-1990

Fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and the momentum have been computed over north and adjoining central Bay of Bengal ORV Sagar Kanya observations recorded during MONTBLEX:1990. The results show that the energy fluxes increase steeply during the development o f a low/depression and decrease once the system moves away.

Maximum Work Rate Extractable from Energy Fluxes

A general formalism is developed to evaluate the amount of work extractable from energy fluxes. It covers nonequilibrium cases when the concept of exergy is not relevant. The rate of work deficiency, which has been previously introduced as the total loss of exergy, is defined here as the total loss of work, which would have resulted if all the work were lost to the environment. New performance indicators are proposed. First, the work content factor gives the proportion of extractable work in a given amount of energy. Second, the work deficiency factor is a measure of the potential of improvement for the operation of energy conversion systems. Previous results reported in literature are particular cases of the general results obtained here. The formalism is used to evaluate the work rate extractable from the solar energy flux. Results are shown in cases where solar radiation interacts with materials without energy bandgap (metals) and with energy bandgaps (semiconductors), respectively.