IONIZATION OF RYDBERG ATOMS BY CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROWAVE FIELDS

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.F. GALLAGHER
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Rydberg Atoms ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Static Field ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Linearly Polarized

In circularly polarized microwave fields of frequencies in the vicinity of 10 GHz ionization of Na Rydberg atoms occurs at a field E=1/16n4, up to principal quantum number n=50. This field is equal to the classical field for ionization and the static field required to ionize a Na atom. On the other hand, this field is far below the linearly polarized 10 GHz field required to ionize Na atoms, E=1/3n5. If the problem is transformed to a frame rotating with the microwave field, the field becomes a static field. In this case it is straightforward to calculate the ionization field classically. However, it is far lower than the experimentally observed field, a discrepancy which may be due to an angular momentum barrier.

scholarly journals Vortex energy flow in the tight focus of a non-vortex field with circular polarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
V.V. Kotlyar ◽  
S.S. Stafeev ◽  
A.G. Nalimov
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Poynting Vector ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Longitudinal Component ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Direct Energy

Using Richards-Wolf formulas, we show that an axisymmetric circularly polarized vortex-free field can be focused into a sharp subwavelength focal spot, around which there is a region where the light energy flow propagates along a spiral. This effect can be explained by the conversion of the spin angular momentum of the circularly polarized field into the orbital angular momentum near the focus, although the on-axis orbital angular momentum remains zero. It is also shown that a linearly polarized optical vortex with topological charge 2 forms near the focal plane an on-axis reverse energy flow (defined by the negative longitudinal component of the Poynting vector) whose amplitude is comparable with the direct energy flow.

QUANTUM NUMBER PROJECTIONS OF NUCLEAR DEFORMED STATES

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 643-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. OUDIH ◽  
M. FELLAH ◽  
N. H. ALLAL ◽  
N. BENHAMOUDA
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
General Expression ◽  
Projection Method ◽  
Axial Symmetry ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equilibrium Deformation ◽  
System Energy ◽  
The One

We combine the exact particle-number projection method with the method of Peierls-Yoccoz in order to build the simultaneous eigen-functions of the particle number and the angular momentum operators. In the axial symmetry case, the general expression of the system energy resulting from this double projection is derived. In order to overcome the complexity of the method, the calculations are performed within the Gaussian overlap approximation. It turns out that, on the one hand, the double projection introduces a non–negligible correction of the energy of the system, and on the other hand, this correction is sensitive to the deformation. Future calculations have to therefore include an evaluation of the equilibrium deformation.

scholarly journals Generating Different Polarized Multiple Vortex Beams at Different Frequencies from Laminated Meta-Surface Lenses

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Pengfei Gao ◽  
Rui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Communication System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vortex Beam ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Vortex Beams ◽  
The Way

We demonstrate the generation of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams with different radiating states at different frequencies through a laminated meta-surface lens consisting of a dual polarized meta-array interconnected with a frequency selective meta-array. The co-linearly polarized (LP) waves from the source can directly penetrate the meta-surface lens to form multiple OAM vortex beams at one frequency. On the other hand, the meta-surface lens will be capable of releasing the cross-LP counterparts at another frequency with high-efficient polarization conversions to have multiple OAM vortex radiations with different radiating directions and vortex modes. Our design, using laminated meta-surface lens to synthesize multiple OAM vortex beams with orthogonal polarizations at different frequencies, should pave the way for building up more advanced vortex beam communication system with expanded diversity of the meta-device.

scholarly journals The spectrum of H 2 .-The bands ending on 2p 3 II levels

1931 ◽  
Vol 131 (818) ◽  
pp. 658-683 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Excited Electron ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Axis ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Triplet Level ◽  
Double Character ◽  
Azimuthal Quantum Number

Rather more than a year ago it was announced that the bands which go down to the two 2 p 3 II ab levels had been found, but owing to the inclusion of a considerable number of wrong lines little progress in understanding them has been made until quite recently. The discovery of these bands is important for several reasons, of which we shall mention one at this stage. It proves that a system of triplet states analogous to the states of the orthohelium line spectrum really exists in the spectrum of H 2 and to that extent confirms the view we have taken of the structure of this spectrum. This follows since the singlet 2 p 1 II ab levels have now been firmly identified with the C level of Dieke and Hopfield; the final levels of the present band systems are undoubtedly 2 p II ab levels, and there is no room for any other 2 p II level in the singlet system. The notation here used is that proposed by Mulliken. It has been described by one of us in the 'Transactions of the Faraday Society,’ vol. 25, p. 628. It is assumed that in all the electronic states of H 2 with which these bands are concerned only one electron gets excited, the other being in an s state ( l = 0). Thus the resultant azimuthal quantum number L of the two electrons is equal to that of the azimuthal quantum number l of the excited electron. The magnitude of both these quantities is thus expressed by the letters s (for l = 0), p (for l == 1), d (for l ==2), etc., in such symbols as 2 p 3 II. In addition we have to specify A the resolved part of L about the molecular axis. This is indicated by the symbols Σ for Ʌ = 0, II for Ʌ = 1, Ʌ for Ʌ = 2. etc. The first number, such as 2 in 2 p 3 II ab , indicates the principal quantum number n and the second such as 3 shows that the level is believed to be a triplet level. The suffixes ab distinguish the double character of II, Δ, etc., levels which arise according to whether the value of Ʌ is positive or negative.

Ionization of Rydberg atoms by a circularly polarized microwave field

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panmimg Fu ◽  
T. J. Scholz ◽  
J. M. Hettema ◽  
T. F. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Field ◽  
Rydberg Atoms ◽  
Circularly Polarized

scholarly journals Diffusive-like redistribution in state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Geppert ◽  
Max Althön ◽  
Daniel Fichtner ◽  
Herwig Ott
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Rydberg Atoms ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Final States ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Charge Exchange Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Charge

AbstractExploring the dynamics of inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a fundamental goal in quantum chemistry. Such collisions are of particular importance in connection with Rydberg atoms in dense environments since they may considerably influence both the lifetime and the quantum state of the scattered Rydberg atoms. Here, we report on the study of state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. We employ high-resolution momentum spectroscopy to identify the final states. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the outcome of such collisions is not limited to a single hydrogenic manifold. We observe a redistribution of population over a wide range of final states. We also find that even the decay to states with the same angular momentum quantum number as the initial state, but different principal quantum number is possible. We model the underlying physical process in the framework of a short-lived Rydberg quasi-molecular complex, where a charge exchange process gives rise to an oscillating electric field that causes transitions within the Rydberg manifold. The distribution of final states shows a diffusive-like behavior.

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