scholarly journals The spectrum of H 2 .-The bands ending on 2p 3 II levels

1931 ◽  
Vol 131 (818) ◽  
pp. 658-683 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Excited Electron ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Axis ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Triplet Level ◽  
Double Character ◽  
Azimuthal Quantum Number

Rather more than a year ago it was announced that the bands which go down to the two 2 p 3 II ab levels had been found, but owing to the inclusion of a considerable number of wrong lines little progress in understanding them has been made until quite recently. The discovery of these bands is important for several reasons, of which we shall mention one at this stage. It proves that a system of triplet states analogous to the states of the orthohelium line spectrum really exists in the spectrum of H 2 and to that extent confirms the view we have taken of the structure of this spectrum. This follows since the singlet 2 p 1 II ab levels have now been firmly identified with the C level of Dieke and Hopfield; the final levels of the present band systems are undoubtedly 2 p II ab levels, and there is no room for any other 2 p II level in the singlet system. The notation here used is that proposed by Mulliken. It has been described by one of us in the 'Transactions of the Faraday Society,’ vol. 25, p. 628. It is assumed that in all the electronic states of H 2 with which these bands are concerned only one electron gets excited, the other being in an s state ( l = 0). Thus the resultant azimuthal quantum number L of the two electrons is equal to that of the azimuthal quantum number l of the excited electron. The magnitude of both these quantities is thus expressed by the letters s (for l = 0), p (for l == 1), d (for l ==2), etc., in such symbols as 2 p 3 II. In addition we have to specify A the resolved part of L about the molecular axis. This is indicated by the symbols Σ for Ʌ = 0, II for Ʌ = 1, Ʌ for Ʌ = 2. etc. The first number, such as 2 in 2 p 3 II ab , indicates the principal quantum number n and the second such as 3 shows that the level is believed to be a triplet level. The suffixes ab distinguish the double character of II, Δ, etc., levels which arise according to whether the value of Ʌ is positive or negative.

IONIZATION OF RYDBERG ATOMS BY CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROWAVE FIELDS

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.F. GALLAGHER
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Rydberg Atoms ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Static Field ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Linearly Polarized

In circularly polarized microwave fields of frequencies in the vicinity of 10 GHz ionization of Na Rydberg atoms occurs at a field E=1/16n4, up to principal quantum number n=50. This field is equal to the classical field for ionization and the static field required to ionize a Na atom. On the other hand, this field is far below the linearly polarized 10 GHz field required to ionize Na atoms, E=1/3n5. If the problem is transformed to a frame rotating with the microwave field, the field becomes a static field. In this case it is straightforward to calculate the ionization field classically. However, it is far lower than the experimentally observed field, a discrepancy which may be due to an angular momentum barrier.

scholarly journals The band systems ending on the 1 s σ2 s σ 1 Ʃ g ( 1 X g ) state of H 2 —Part I

1937 ◽  
Vol 160 (903) ◽  
pp. 487-507 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Private Communication ◽  
Singlet States ◽  
Singlet And Triplet States ◽  
State 1 ◽  
Atomic Helium

It is now well established that the electronic states of the band systems of H 2 have a close analogy to those of atomic helium and consist of a set of singlet states and a set of triplet states. There are no known combinations between singlet and triplet states. The ground level of H 2 is the v = 0, K = 0 level of the even state 1 s σ 1 s σ 1 Ʃ g . The possible states with one electron excited to principal quantum number 2 are 1 s σ 2 s σ 1 Ʃ g , 1 s σ 2 p σ 1 Ʃ u , 1 s σ 2 pπ 1 II u , 1 s σ 2 s σ 3 Ʃ g , 1 s σ 2 p σ 3 Ʃ g and 1 s σ 2 pπ 3 II u Of these the only ones which can go down to the ground state are 1 s σ 2 p σ 1 Ʃ u and 1 s σ 2 pπ σ 1 Ʃ u on account of the triplet ↔ singlet and odd ↔ odd and even ↔ even prohibitions. The bands with these transitions are well known and understood both in emission and absorption. A large number of emission band systems which go down to the states 1 s σ 2 p σ 1 Ʃ u and 1 s σ2 pπ σ 1 II u from higher even states have been found and analysed so that we now have quite discovered, and most of those involving the v = 1 level, which he has greatly extended, I am indebted to a private communication from Professor Dieke. Incidentally the success of this method of locating the position of 1 s σ3 pπ 1 II u is to some extent also a confirmation of my identification of 3 1 O as 1 s σ 3 s σ 1 Ʃ g .

The Polarisabilities of Atomic Cores

1926 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertha Swirles
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Quantum Defect ◽  
The Core ◽  
Small Quantum ◽  
Rydberg Constant ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Large Quantum ◽  
Azimuthal Quantum Number

If it is assumed that the series electron of an atom polarises the core, then it has been shown by Born and Heisenberg that the polarisability α of the core in a given state may be calculated from the corresponding term value by means of the approximate formulae, where q is the quantum defect, δν is the difference between the term and the corresponding hydrogen term, R is the Rydberg constant in cm.−1, α1 is the radius of first hydrogen orbit, n is the principal quantum number, k is the azimuthal quantum number, For terms with small quantum defect either of the formulae (1) and may be used, but for terms with large quantum defect (1) gives a higher degree of accuracy.

Zur Kenntnis der Dihalogen-tris-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-Verbindungen von Phosphor, Arsen, Antimon und Wismut / Dihalogeno-tris- (4-dimethylamino-phenyl) -Compounds of Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn-Michael Keck ◽  
Günter Klar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Phenyl Compounds ◽  
Atomic Parameters

The synthesis of the dihalogeno-tris-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-compounds Ar2EX2 (E = P, As, Sb; X = Cl, Br, J and E = Sb, X = F; E = Bi, X = Cl) is described. A generally valid correlation between the chemical shift of the n.m.r. signal of an atom and the atomic parameters electronegativity and principal quantum number of valence electrons is deduced.

scholarly journals CONTRADICTION TO THE TABLE OF D. I. MENDELEEV AND THEIR ELIMINATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
N.К. Akhmetov ◽  
G.U. Ilyasova ◽  
S. K. Kazybekova
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Outer Electron ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Electronic Configurations ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Electron Shells

The article discusses a new approach to the formation of periods of the Periodic Table of Mendeleev. With the help of the new formula and the first proposed quantum states of the outer electron shells of atoms of chemical elements, the periods of the periodic table are reformatted. It is supposed to reduce the number of periods in the table by introducing the corresponding sub-periods. This is confirmed by the material given in the article. The following description of the order of formation of electron layers is proposed: the principal quantum number (n), then the newly proposed quantum states of electrons («first» and «second»), which in turn constitute the electronic configurations of sub-periods in periods, and only then the remaining quantum orbitals (s, p, d and f).

scholarly journals Rotation Effect in Morse Potential For K2 Molecule

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 968-971
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Number ◽  
Dissociation Energy ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Morse Potential ◽  
Rotational Quantum Number ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Rotation Effect ◽  
Potential Curves

The rotation effect upon Morse potential had been studied and the values of the effective potential in potential curves had been calculated for electronic states (X2?+g , B ?u ) K2 molecule. The calculation had been computed for rotational quantum number (J = 5). Also, drawing potential curves for these systems had been done using Herzberg and Gaydon equations. It was found that the values of the dissociation energy which resulting from using Herzberg equation greater than that of Gaydon equation. Besides, it was found that the rotation effect for (X and B) electronic states in Morse potential is very small and in this case may negligible.

The Lithium Group

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Schweitzer ◽  
Lester L. Pesterfield
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Outer Electron ◽  
Aqueous Chemistry ◽  
Figure Legend

The elements which constitute Group 1 of the Periodic Table are known as the alkali metals. They are lithium Li, sodium Na, potassium K, rubidium Rb, cesium Cs, and francium Fr. (Sometimes the NH4+ ion is included among these since it resembles K+ or Rb+ in many of its reactions.) All six of the elements have atoms characterized by an outer electron structure of ns1 with n representing the principal quantum number. The elements exhibit marked resemblances to each other with Li deviating the most. This deviation is assignable to the small size of Li which causes the positive charge of Li+ to be concentrated, that is, the charge density is high. All of the elements exhibit oxidation numbers of 0 and I, with exceptions being rare, such that their chemistries are dominated by the oxidation state I. The six metals are exceptionally reactive, being strong reductants, reacting with HOH at all pH values to give H2 and M+, and having hydroxides MOH which are strong and soluble. Ionic sizes in pm for the members of the group are as follows: Li (76), Na (102), K (139), Rb (152), Cs (167), and Fr (180). The E° values for the M+/M couples are as follows: Li (−3.04 v), Na (−2.71 v), K (−2.93 v), Rb (−2.92 v), Cs (−2.92 v), and Fr (about −3.03 v). a. E–pH diagram. The E–pH diagram for 10−1.0 M Li is presented in Figure 5.1. The figure legend provides an equation for the line that separates Li+ and Li. The horizontal line appears at an E value of −3.10 v. Considerably above the Li+/Li line, the HOH ≡ H+/H2 line appears, which indicates that Li metal is unstable in HOH, reacting with it to produce H2 and Li+. Note further that Li+ dominates the diagram reflecting that the aqueous chemistry of Li is largely that of the ion Li+.

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