UNDERSTANDING SOFTWARE PRODUCTIVITY: TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH

What affects software productivity and how do we improve it? This report examines the current state of the art in understanding and measuring software productivity. In turn, it describes a framework for understanding software productivity, identifies some fundamentals of measurement, surveys selected studies of software productivity, and identifies variables that affect software productivity. Then, a radical alternative to current approaches is suggested: to construct, evaluate, deploy, and evolve a knowledge-based "software productivity modeling and simulation system."

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Word Sense Disambiguation

Emerging Applications of Natural Language Processing ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2169-5.ch002 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 22-51

Author(s):

Pushpak Bhattacharyya ◽

Mitesh Khapra

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Word Sense Disambiguation ◽

Current Trend ◽

General Purpose ◽

Word Sense ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Current State ◽

Sense Disambiguation ◽

State Of Affairs

This chapter discusses the basic concepts of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) and the approaches to solving this problem. Both general purpose WSD and domain specific WSD are presented. The first part of the discussion focuses on existing approaches for WSD, including knowledge-based, supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised, hybrid, and bilingual approaches. The accuracy value for general purpose WSD as the current state of affairs seems to be pegged at around 65%. This has motivated investigations into domain specific WSD, which is the current trend in the field. In the latter part of the chapter, we present a greedy neural network inspired algorithm for domain specific WSD and compare its performance with other state-of-the-art algorithms for WSD. Our experiments suggest that for domain-specific WSD, simply selecting the most frequent sense of a word does as well as any state-of-the-art algorithm.

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On Resolving Ambiguous Anaphoric Expressions in Imperative Discourse

Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 6957-6964

Author(s):

Vasanth Sarathy ◽

Matthias Scheutz

Keyword(s):

General Class ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Contextual Information ◽

Anaphora Resolution ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Language Understanding ◽

Concept System ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Current State ◽

Reasoning Systems

Anaphora resolution is a central problem in natural language understanding. We study a subclass of this problem involving object pronouns when they are used in simple imperative sentences (e.g., “pick it up.”). Specifically, we address cases where situational and contextual information is required to interpret these pronouns. Current state-of-the art statisticallydriven coreference systems and knowledge-based reasoning systems are insufficient to address these cases. In this paper, we introduce, with examples, a general class of situated anaphora resolution problems, propose a proof-of-concept system for disambiguating situated pronouns, and discuss some general types of reasoning that might be needed.

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Knowledge-based expert systems — The State of the Art in the US

The Knowledge Engineering Review ◽

10.1017/s0269888900000497 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 18-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Hayes-Roth

Keyword(s):

Expert Systems ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Historical Context ◽

The State ◽

Knowledge Systems ◽

Future Trends ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Current State ◽

The Us

SummaryThis paper aims to describe the current state of knowledge systems technology and its commercialisation in the US. First, knowledge systems are defined and placed in a historical context. The introduction is concluded with a preview of major ideas. The paper will assess the technological state of the art and will survey the current state of commercialisation. Finally, some anticipated future trends will be discussed.

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Modeling and Simulation of Systems of Systems – a Survey

Cybernetics and Information Technologies ◽

10.2478/cait-2013-0011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 3-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anjel Tzanev

Keyword(s):

Modeling And Simulation ◽

Simulation Modeling ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Efficiency Evaluation ◽

Systems Of Systems ◽

Current State ◽

The Face ◽

Unified Process

Abstract The paper surveys the current state of the art and perspectives in the theoretical and practical achievements at the area of Systems of Systems (SoS) and SoS Engineering (SoSE). The conceptions about SoS simulation modeling, subsystem integration and practical implementation issues in the face of main three tendencies for development (academic, military and industrial) are considered. Comprehensive generalized methodology for design, testing and efficiency evaluation of SoS, named DEVS Unified Process (DEVSUP), is briefly summarized.

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A Survey on Design Rationale: Representation, Capture and Retrieval

Volume 3: 5th Design for Manufacturing Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2000/dfm-14008 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaochun Hu ◽

Jun Pang ◽

Yan Pang ◽

Michael Atwood ◽

Wei Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Mechanical Design ◽

Design Rationale ◽

Research Issues ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Current State ◽

Open Research ◽

Design Software ◽

Prototype Design ◽

Interaction Research

Abstract This paper provides a brief survey on recent research in the area of design rationale. The study of Design Rationale spans a number of diverse disciplines, touching on concepts from research communities in Mechanical Design, Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Civil Engineering and Human-Factors and Human-Computer Interaction research. We focus this survey on prototype design rationale systems for these application domains and put forward several major axes along which to describe and classify design rationale systems, including argumentation-based, descriptive, and process-based approaches. Further, we attempt to abstract the place of systems and tools for design rationale capture and retrieval in the context of contemporary knowledge-based engineering and CAD tools. This survey is structured around the fundamental different approaches, their representation schema, their capture methods, and retrieval techniques. A number of recent design rationale systems and representation schemes are presented, including JANUS, COMET, ADD, REMAP, HOS, PHIDIAS, DRIVE, IBIS. We conclude with an assessment of the current state-of-the-art and a discussion of critical open research issues.

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Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3805.1126 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 1126-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jeffrey W. Gilger

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Behavioral Genetics ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Great Promise ◽

Behavioral Genetic ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Future Goals ◽

Current State ◽

Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

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Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

Contemporary Psychology ◽

10.1037/015267 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 497-498

Author(s):

STANLEY GRAND

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Current State

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Umbral Calculus

The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics ◽

10.37236/24 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1000 ◽

Author(s):

A. Di Bucchianico ◽

D. Loeb

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Finite Differences ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Umbral Calculus ◽

Current State ◽

Logical Foundation ◽

Complete Bibliography ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Mathematical Literature

We survey the mathematical literature on umbral calculus (otherwise known as the calculus of finite differences) from its roots in the 19th century (and earlier) as a set of “magic rules” for lowering and raising indices, through its rebirth in the 1970’s as Rota’s school set it on a firm logical foundation using operator methods, to the current state of the art with numerous generalizations and applications. The survey itself is complemented by a fairly complete bibliography (over 500 references) which we expect to update regularly.

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