POLYMERS FOR PHOTONICS

Polymers have emerged as an important class of materials for applications in photon-ics. In this review, a brief background is presented on photonics and nonlinear optical processes, the latter providing many of the operational functions for the photonics technology. Nonlinear optical processes in polymeric materials are discussed along with the needed structural requirements. The three types of nonlinear polymeric systems discussed are: (i) χ(2) materials; (ii) χ(3) materials and (iii) photorefractive polymers. The photorefractive polymeric systems utilize the combined action of photoconductivity and nonlinear optical effect. New developments using sol-gel processed inorganic glass: polymer composites for nonlinear optics are discussed.

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Inorganic-Organic Composite Materials from Liquid Natural Rubber and Epoxidised Natural Rubber Derivatives

Applied Environmental Materials Science for Sustainability - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1971-3.ch006 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 128-140

Author(s):

Wan Ahmad Kamil Mahmood ◽

Mohammad Hossein Azarian

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Metal Alkoxides ◽

Inorganic Glass ◽

Transparent Films ◽

Polymer Component ◽

Liquid Natural Rubber ◽

Preparation Techniques

Organic-Inorganic composite materials (OICs) are used to describe the group of materials synthesized from polymers and inorganic metal alkkoxides. The interests in these materials arised from the need to ‘combine' the physical properties of inorganic glass materials and polymers such that the resultant OICs have the strength of the inorganic glass and flexibiliy of polymeric materials. Sol-gel technique have been the technique of choice due to much of its advantages, in particular the low temperature reaction. This is very important when natural rubber and its derivatives are used as the polymer component of the OICs. Work in our laboratory has demonstrated that OICs form liquid natural rubber (LNR) and 50% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-50) can be prepared from various metal alkoxides, such silicon, zirconium and titanium. The OICs can be prepared as flexible transparent films, nanofibers and nanobeads. This Chapter will describe the preparation techniques and the properties of these OICs from various compositions of one and more metal alkoxides in both LNR and ENR-50. The applications of these materials in PANI will be briefly described.

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Polymer Physics Of High Temperature Polymers For Second Order Nonlinear Optics

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-328-547 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 328 ◽

Author(s):

C. Y. Stacey Fu ◽

Duane B. Prdddy ◽

Greg D. Lyle ◽

James E. Mcgrath ◽

Hilary S. Lackritz

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Second Harmonic ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Harmonic Signal ◽

Second Order ◽

Polymer Physics ◽

Polymeric Systems ◽

Nonlinear Optical Chromophores

ABSTRACTA new class of high temperature polymeric materials capable of second order nonlinear optical effects has been developed and characterized. These polymers, Bisphenol A-poly (arylene ether) phosphine oxides (Bis A-PEPO), F6 Bis A-PEPO, phenolphthalein•PEPO (PP-PEPO), and phenolphthaIein-anilide•PEPO (PP-PEPO), doped with nonlinear optical chromophores are being examined using second harmonic generation. Corona poling is used to orient the chromophores into the noncentrosymmetric structure required to obtain the second harmonic signal. These high glass transition temperature (>200°C) polymers have strong hydrogen bonding sites that can interact with the chromophores. This work describes the basic polymer physics including local Mobility, chromophore/polymer interactions, and polymer steric effects that control the thermal and temporal stability of chromophore orientation in these guest-host polymeric systems.

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Improved Temporal Stability of the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Effect in a Sol−Gel Matrix Bearing an Active Chromophore

Chemistry of Materials ◽

10.1021/cm970311h ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 705-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Dong Hoon Choi ◽

Ji Hye Park ◽

Tae Hyung Rhee ◽

Nakjoong Kim ◽

Sin-Doo Lee

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Second Order ◽

Optical Effect ◽

Nonlinear Optical Effect

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Novel organic, polymeric materials for electronics applications

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-722-k9.16 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 722 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ram W. Sabnis ◽

Mary J. Spencer ◽

Douglas J. Guerrero

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Substantial Improvement ◽

Polymeric Systems ◽

Patterned Wafers ◽

Visible Spectra ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Deep Ultraviolet ◽

Deposited Films

AbstractNovel organic, polymeric materials and processes of depositing thin films on electronics substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been developed and the lithographic behavior of photoresist coated over these CVD films at deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength has been evaluated. The specific monomers synthesized for DUV applications include [2.2](1,4)- naphthalenophane, [2.2](9,10)-anthracenophane and their derivatives which showed remarkable film uniformity on flat wafers and conformality over structured topography wafers, upon polymerization by CVD. The chemical, physical and optical properties of the deposited films have been characterized by measuring parameters such as thickness uniformity, solubility, conformality, adhesion to semiconductor substrates, ultraviolet-visible spectra, optical density, optical constants, defectivity, and resist compatibility. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos of cross-sectioned patterned wafers showed verticle profiles with no footing, standing waves or undercut. Resist profiles down to 0.10 νm dense lines and 0.09 νm isolated lines were achieved in initial tests. CVD coatings generated 96-100% conformal films, which is a substantial improvement over commercial spin-on polymeric systems. The light absorbing layers have high optical density at 248 nm and are therefore capable materials for DUV lithography applications. CVD is a potentially useful technology to extend lithography for sub-0.15 νm devices. These films have potential applications in microelectronics, optoelectronics and photonics.

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Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Triphenylamine–Indandione Chromophores: Theoretical Study of the Structure–Function Relationship under the Combined Action of Substituent and Symmetry Change

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A ◽

10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 122 (9) ◽

pp. 2344-2352 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zeyu Liu ◽

Shugui Hua ◽

Xiufen Yan

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Structure Function ◽

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Theoretical Study ◽

Nonlinear Optical Properties ◽

Structure Function Relationship ◽

Combined Action ◽

Linear And Nonlinear ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Symmetry Change

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Preparation and nonlinear optical properties of organic and polymeric materials

Ferroelectrics ◽

10.1080/00150199008016510 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 141-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhou Zonghua ◽

Chen Debeng ◽

Wang Xiu ◽

Lai Deming

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Nonlinear Optical Properties

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Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Quantum-Sized CuCl-Doped Silica Glass by the Sol-Gel Process

Journal of the American Ceramic Society ◽

10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb07326.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 238-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Masayuki Nogami ◽

Yi-Qing Zhu ◽

Yoshihide Tohyama ◽

Katsumi Nagasaka ◽

Takashi Tokizaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Silica Glass ◽

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Nonlinear Optical Properties ◽

Sol Gel Process

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Diffraction-free, self-reconstructing Bessel beam generation using thermal nonlinear optical effect

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.4997067 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 111 (16) ◽

pp. 161103 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Q. Zhang ◽

X. M. Cheng ◽

H. W. Chen ◽

B. He ◽

Z. Y. Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Bessel Beam ◽

Optical Effect ◽

Nonlinear Optical Effect ◽

Beam Generation

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Electronic, Ionic, and Mixed Conduction in Polymeric Systems

Annual Review of Materials Research ◽

10.1146/annurev-matsci-080619-110405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elayne M. Thomas ◽

Phong H. Nguyen ◽

Seamus D. Jones ◽

Michael L. Chabinyc ◽

Rachel A. Segalman

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

Transport Coefficients ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Annual Review ◽

Publication Date ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Polymeric Systems ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Performance Benchmark

Polymers that simultaneously transport electrons and ions are paramount to drive the technological advances necessary for next-generation electrochemical devices, including energy storage devices and bioelectronics. However, efforts to describe the motion of ions or electrons separately within polymeric systems become inaccurate when both species are present. Herein, we highlight the basic transport equations necessary to rationalize mixed transport and the multiscale materials properties that influence their transport coefficients. Potential figures of merit that enable a suitable performance benchmark in mixed conducting systems independent of end application are discussed. Practical design and implementation of mixed conducting polymers require an understanding of the evolving nature of structure and transport with ionic and electronic carrier density to capture the dynamic disorder inherent in polymeric materials. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Science, Volume 51 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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