scholarly journals INVARIANTS OF KNOT DIAGRAMS AND RELATIONS AMONG REIDEMEISTER MOVES

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 1215-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLOF-PETTER ÖSTLUND
Keyword(s):  
Knot Theory ◽  
Knot Invariants ◽  
Reidemeister Moves ◽  
Knot Invariant ◽  
Knot Diagrams

In this paper a classification of Reidemeister moves, which is the most refined, is introduced. In particular, this classification distinguishes some Ω3-moves that only differ in how the three strands that are involved in the move are ordered on the knot. To transform knot diagrams of isotopic knots into each other one must in general use Ω3-moves of at least two different classes. To show this, knot diagram invariants that jump only under Ω3-moves are introduced. Knot diagrams of isotopic knots can be connected by a sequence of Reidemeister moves of only six, out of the total of 24, classes. This result can be applied in knot theory to simplify proofs of invariance of diagrammatical knot invariants. In particular, a criterion for a function on Gauss diagrams to define a knot invariant is presented.

THE YANG-BAXTER EQUATION IN KNOT THEORY

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (20n21) ◽  
pp. 3737-3750 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.Y. WU
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Knot Theory ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Baxter Equation ◽  
Vertex Model ◽  
Model Formulation ◽  
Knot Invariants ◽  
Vertex Models ◽  
Reidemeister Moves ◽  
Linear Lattices

The role played by the Yang-Baxter equation in generating knot invariants using the method of statistical mechanics is reexamined and elucidated. The formulation of knot invariants is made precise with the introduction of piecewise-linear lattices and enhanced vertex and interaction-round-a-face (IRF) models with strictly local weights. It is shown that the Yang-Baxter equation and the need of using its solution in the infinite rapidity limit arise naturally in the realization of invariances under Reidemeister moves III. It is also shown that it is essential for the vertex models be charge-conserving, and that the construction of knot invariants from IRF models follows directly from the vertex model formulation.

QFT and unification of knot theories

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (24) ◽  
pp. 1430025
Author(s):  
Alexey Sleptsov
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Knot Theory ◽  
Topological Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Knot Invariants ◽  
Topological Quantum

We discuss relation between knot theory and topological quantum field theory. Also it is considered a theory of superpolynomial invariants of knots which generalizes all other known theories of knot invariants. We discuss a possible generalization of topological quantum field theory with the help of superpolynomial invariants.

scholarly journals Kontsevich’s integral for the Kauffman polynomial

1996 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 39-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Tu Quoc Le ◽  
Jun Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Finite Type ◽  
Knot Invariants ◽  
Chord Diagrams ◽  
Knot Invariant ◽  
Kauffman Polynomial ◽  
Zamolodchikov Equation

Kontsevich’s integral is a knot invariant which contains in itself all knot invariants of finite type, or Vassiliev’s invariants. The value of this integral lies in an algebra A0, spanned by chord diagrams, subject to relations corresponding to the flatness of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation, or the so called infinitesimal pure braid relations [11].

SATANIC AND THELEMIC CIRCLES ON KNOTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 1350017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. FLOWERS
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Vassiliev Invariants ◽  
Vassiliev Invariant ◽  
Knot Diagrams

While Vassiliev invariants have proved to be a useful tool in the classification of knots, they are frequently defined through knot diagrams, and fail to illuminate any significant geometric properties the knots themselves may possess. Here, we provide a geometric interpretation of the second-order Vassiliev invariant by examining five-point cocircularities of knots, extending some of the results obtained in [R. Budney, J. Conant, K. P. Scannell and D. Sinha, New perspectives on self-linking, Adv. Math. 191(1) (2005) 78–113]. Additionally, an analysis on the behavior of other cocircularities on knots is given.

scholarly journals THE QUANDARY OF QUANDLES: A BOREL COMPLETE KNOT INVARIANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW D. BROOKE-TAYLOR ◽  
SHEILA K. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Isomorphism Problem ◽  
Algebraic Structures ◽  
Knot Invariant ◽  
Borel Reducibility ◽  
Special Case

We show that the isomorphism problems for left distributive algebras, racks, quandles and kei are as complex as possible in the sense of Borel reducibility. These algebraic structures are important for their connections with the theory of knots, links and braids. In particular, Joyce showed that a quandle can be associated with any knot, and this serves as a complete invariant for tame knots. However, such a classification of tame knots heuristically seemed to be unsatisfactory, due to the apparent difficulty of the quandle isomorphism problem. Our result confirms this view, showing that, from a set-theoretic perspective, classifying tame knots by quandles replaces one problem with (a special case of) a much harder problem.

On Cabled Knots and Vassiliev Invariants (Not) Contained in Knot Polynomials

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stoimenow
Keyword(s):  
Open Problem ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Knot Invariants ◽  
Vassiliev Invariants ◽  
Knot Invariant ◽  
Homfly Polynomials

AbstractIt is known that the Brandt–Lickorish–Millett–Ho polynomial Q contains Casson's knot invariant. Whether there are (essentially) other Vassiliev knot invariants obtainable from Q is an open problem. We show that this is not so up to degree 9. We also give the (apparently) first examples of knots not distinguished by 2-cable HOMFLY polynomials which are not mutants. Our calculations provide evidence of a negative answer to the question whether Vassiliev knot invariants of degree d ≤ 10 are determined by the HOMFLY and Kauffman polynomials and their 2-cables, and for the existence of algebras of such Vassiliev invariants not isomorphic to the algebras of their weight systems.

REIDEMEISTER MOVES FOR SURFACE ISOTOPIES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION AS MOVES TO MOVIES

1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 251-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SCOTT CARTER ◽  
MASAHICO SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Height Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Projection Direction ◽  
Reidemeister Moves ◽  
Link Diagrams ◽  
Fixed Direction ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Knot Diagrams

A movie description of a surface embedded in 4-space is a sequence of knot and link diagrams obtained from a projection of the surface to 3-space by taking 2-dimensional cross sections perpendicular to a fixed direction. In the cross sections, an immersed collection of curves appears, and these are lifted to knot diagrams by using the projection direction from 4-space. We give a set of 15 moves to movies (called movie moves) such that two movies represent isotopic surfaces if and only if there is a sequence of moves from this set that takes one to the other. This result generalizes the Roseman moves which are moves on projections where a height function has not been specified. The first 7 of the movie moves are height function parametrized versions of those given by Roseman. The remaining 8 are moves in which the topology of the projection remains unchanged.

Reidemeister moves and parity polynomials of virtual knot diagrams

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750051
Author(s):  
Myeong-Ju Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Virtual Knot ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reidemeister Moves ◽  
Polynomial Formula ◽  
Knot Diagrams

When two virtual knot diagrams are virtually isotopic, there is a sequence of Reidemeister moves and virtual moves relating them. I introduced a polynomial [Formula: see text] of a virtual knot diagram [Formula: see text] and gave lower bounds for the number of Reidemeister moves in deformation of virtually isotopic knot diagrams by using [Formula: see text]. In this paper, I introduce bridge diagrams and polynomials of virtual knot diagrams based on parity of crossings, and show that the polynomials give lower bounds for the number of the third Reidemeister moves. I give an example which shows that the result is distinguished from that obtained from [Formula: see text].

Reidemeister moves and a polynomial of virtual knot diagrams

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong-Ju Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Virtual Knot ◽  
Reidemeister Moves ◽  
Knot Diagrams

In 2006 C. Hayashi gave a lower bound for the number of Reidemeister moves in deformation of two equivalent knot diagrams by using writhe and cowrithe. It can be naturally extended for two virtually isotopic virtual knot diagrams. We introduce a polynomial qK(t) of a virtual knot diagram K and give lower bounds for the number of Reidemeister moves in deformation of two virtually isotopic knots by using qK(t). We give an example which shows that the polynomial qK(t) is useful to map out a sequence of Reidemeister moves to deform a virtual knot diagram to another virtually isotopic one.

scholarly journals ON CYCLES AND COVERINGS ASSOCIATED TO A KNOT

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1350074
Author(s):  
LILYA LYUBICH ◽  
MIKHAIL LYUBICH
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Abelian Group ◽  
Finite Type ◽  
Weak Topology ◽  
Knot Theory ◽  
Commutator Subgroup ◽  
Finite Abelian Group ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
And Shifts

Let [Formula: see text] be a knot, G be the knot group, K be its commutator subgroup, and x be a distinguished meridian. Let Σ be a finite abelian group. The dynamical system introduced by Silver and Williams in [Augmented group systems and n-knots, Math. Ann.296 (1993) 585–593; Augmented group systems and shifts of finite type, Israel J. Math.95 (1996) 231–251] consisting of the set Hom (K, Σ) of all representations ρ : K → Σ endowed with the weak topology, together with the homeomorphism [Formula: see text] is finite, i.e. it consists of several cycles. In [Periodic orbits of a dynamical system related to a knot, J. Knot Theory Ramifications20(3) (2011) 411–426] we found the lengths of these cycles for Σ = ℤ/p,p is prime, in terms of the roots of the Alexander polynomial of the knot, mod p. In this paper we generalize this result to a general abelian group Σ. This gives a complete classification of depth 2 solvable coverings over [Formula: see text].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document