Vacuum fluctuation inside a star and their consequences for neutron stars, a simple model

Applying semi-classical quantum mechanics, the vacuum fluctuations within a star are determined, assuming a constant mass density and applying a monopole approximation. It is found that the density for the vacuum fluctuations does not only depend linearly on the mass density, as assumed in a former publication, where neutron stars up to 6 solar masses were obtained. This is used to propose a simple model on the dependence of the dark energy to the mass density, as a function of the radial distance [Formula: see text]. It is shown that stars with up to 200 solar masses can, in principle, be obtained. Though, we use a phenomenological model, it shows that in the presence of vacuum fluctuations stars with large masses can be stabilized and probably stars up to any mass can exist, which usually are identified as black holes.