scholarly journals AGE–GENDER DIFFERENCE IN THE PERCEPTION AND MUSCLE RESPONSE THRESHOLDS OF SUPPORT SURFACE ROTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2040044
Author(s):  
JAE-HOON HEO ◽  
HEE-JUN JEON ◽  
HYEONG-MIN JEON ◽  
YEONG-JUN CHO ◽  
GWANG MOON EOM
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Muscle Response ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Surface Rotation

Proprioception while standing is important for the balance control, but the proprioception has not been investigated in the unconstrained standing conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age and gender on the thresholds of perception and muscle response in response to the support surface rotation. The experiment was designed so that the thresholds depend mainly on the proprioception, i.e., quasistatic condition (0.2∘/s rotation of the platform) with eyes closed. Fifty-two healthy subjects (half young and half elderly) participated in this study. A platform was developed which can be rotated in four directions. Perception threshold angle was registered from subjects’ pressing a button. Muscle response threshold angle was determined as the earlier onset of EMG in lower limb muscles. Two standing conditions (feet together and natural stance) were tested. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that both thresholds increased with age. Post hoc tests revealed (1) that the perception threshold was greater for women than men in the elderly and (2) both thresholds of the elderly were greater for the feet-together stance than natural stance. Inferior perception sensitivity of platform rotation in elderly women may be associated with inferior performance in cortical postural control and greater fall ratio compared to elderly men, which suggests the need of proprioception trainings.

scholarly journals Whole-Body Vibration Does Not Seem to Affect Postural Control in Healthy Active Older Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. S. C. Gomes ◽  
M. O. Campos ◽  
L. F. Oliveira ◽  
R. G. T. Mello ◽  
I. A. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Eyes Closed

Objective. This study investigated the acute residual effects induced by different frequencies of whole-body vibration (WBV) on postural control of elderly women. Design. Thirty physically active elderly women (67±5 years) were randomly divided into three groups: two experimental groups (high WBV frequency: 45 Hz and 4 mm amplitude, n=10; low WBV frequency: 30 Hz and 4 mm amplitude, n=10) and one control group (n=10), with no treatment. The participants were first subjected to stabilometry tests and were then guided through three sets of isometric partial squats for 60 s while the WBV stimulation was applied. The control group was subjected to the same conditions but without the WBV stimulation. The participants were again subjected to body balance tests immediately following the end of the intervention period and again at 8, 16, and 24 min. To measure body sway control, three 60 s tests were performed at 10 s intervals for each of the following experimental conditions: (1) eyes opened and (2) eyes closed. The following variables were investigated: the average velocity of the displacement of the centre of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral planes as well as in the elliptical area. Results. A 3 (condition) × 5 (test) two-way repeated-measures ANOVA did not identify significant differences in the stabilometric variables, regardless of group, time, or experimental condition. Conclusions. The effect of WBV, regardless of the stimulation frequency, did not have a significant effect immediately after or up to 24 minutes after vibration cessation, on the variables involved in the control of postural stability in physically active elderly women.

scholarly journals The effect of Estonian folk dance practice on static balance performance in young females

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Leili Väisa ◽  
Jaan Ereline ◽  
Mati Pääsuke ◽  
Tatjana Kums
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Unstable Support ◽  
Static Body

The aim of the present study was to establish the changes that occur in dancers’ static body balance indicators during rest, in case of interfering factors and in stress condition. The sample consisted of 14 advanced female folk dancers at the age of 16–20 years. The participants’ static body balance was measured at the beginning (in the autumn) and at the end (in the spring) of the eight-month dancing period. Static body balance indicators were registered on a dynamographic platform within 30 seconds, standing on bipedal on stable and unstable support surface in eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. The Flamingo test balance control, the balance control after spinning around and jumping tests were conducted only in EO condition. The following parameters were registered: the movements of the centre of pressure (CoP) in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) dimensions; the length, speed and area of the trajectory. According to the study, folk dancers’ CoP movements in the AP and ML dimensions, measured in different conditions (EO, EC), on stable and unstable support surface, did not change significantly after the eight-month dancing practice. The young folk dancers’ static body balance, assessed by CoP movement trajectory, speed and area, improved considerably over the eight-month training period. Flamingo test results indicate that practising folk dance develops the young female folk dancers’ right and left side static stability equally. In the context of Estonian folk dance practice, including preparation for performing at dance festival, the young female folk dancers’ balance performance improved both in vestibular instability (spins, standing on unstable support surface and in EO condition) and fatigue (jumping test) conditions.

scholarly journals Contribution of ankle, knee, and hip joints to the perception threshold for support surface rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand Teasdale ◽  
Vincent Nougier ◽  
Pierre-Alain Barraud ◽  
Christophe Bourdin ◽  
Bettina Debû ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Surface ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Surface Rotation

UPPER BODY ACCELERATIONS DURING LOCOMOTION IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AND GENDERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1740026 ◽  
Author(s):  
HYEONG-MIN JEON ◽  
JI-WON KIM ◽  
YURI KWON ◽  
JAE-HOON HEO ◽  
EUI-BUM CHOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Sensor Position ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Aim: The purpose of this study is to measure the acceleration of upper body (pelvis, shoulder and head) during walking and to investigate whether the acceleration patterns differ among age groups and genders. Methods: Twenty-nine old subjects and thirty young subjects participated in this study. Tri-axial accelerations were measured on the back of upper body (head, shoulder and pelvis). Subjects performed two trials of walking on a treadmill in their own comfortable speeds. Three-way ANOVA (repeated measures) was carried out for the root mean square of each directional acceleration with age, gender and sensor position as independent factors. Results: Age effect was significant on the RMS accelerations of the transverse plane. In the anteroposterior direction, the pelvis acceleration was greater in the younger group, while the head acceleration was greater in the older group ([Formula: see text]). In the mediolateral direction, the pelvis acceleration was comparable between age groups but the shoulder and head accelerations were greater in the older group ([Formula: see text]). The overall accelerations were greater in men than in women ([Formula: see text]). The phase-delay and attenuation of shoulder acceleration relative to the pelvis acceleration was smaller for the elderly in AP and ML directions ([Formula: see text]). Normalization of RMS accelerations by height, weight and leg length did not affect the age differences but negated the gender differences. Discussion: Greater head acceleration in older subjects were related to less attenuation of acceleration in the upper body, which may affect the sensory systems in the head and deteriorate balance control during locomotion.

scholarly journals Postural Strategy in Elderly, Middle-Aged, and Young People during Local Vibratory Stimulation for Proprioceptive Inputs

Geriatrics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Ito ◽  
Yoshihito Sakai ◽  
Kazunori Yamazaki ◽  
Reiya Nishio ◽  
Yohei Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs

Proprioceptive input may greatly affect postural stability. However, the proprioceptive postural strategy in elderly, middle-aged, and young people has not been investigated sufficiently. Hence, in this study, we aimed to investigate differences in proprioceptive postural strategies of elderly, middle-aged, and young people. The center of pressure displacement was determined in 23 elderly, 23 middle-aged, and 23 young people during upright stance on a balance board with their eyes closed. Vibratory stimulations at 30, 60, and 240 Hz were applied to the lumbar multifidus (LM) and gastrocnemius (GS) muscles to evaluate the contributions of different proprioceptive signals used in balance control. Compared with middle-aged and young people, elderly people showed a high dependence on postural control of the GS at 30 Hz (p-values: Young and elderly: 0.033; middle-aged and elderly: 0.001). Moreover, compared with young people, elderly people were more dependent on postural control of the LM at 240 Hz (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences with respect to the GS at 60 and 240 Hz, and with respect to the LM at 30 and 60 Hz between the elderly, young, and middle-aged people. Thus, the postural control strategy of elderly people depends on the GS at 30 Hz.

Effect of an 8-week Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota in Physically Inactive Older Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhong ◽  
Xu Wen ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Hsin-Yi Lai ◽  
Haruki Momma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physically Inactive

AbstractExercise can alter the composition of gut microbiota. However, studies examining the effects of exercise on gut microbiota in the elderly are lacking. This study aims to investigate whether an 8-week exercise training affect gut microbiota in physically inactive elderly women. Fourteen women were randomly assigned to either exercise group or control group. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to reveal changes in gut microbiota. Alpha diversity did not change significantly. A tendency to form 2 clusters was observed for operational taxonomic units (OTU) after intervention. At phylum, class, and order levels, a significant difference was observed between two groups for Fusobacteria (F=5.257, P=0.045), Betaproteobacteria (F=5.149, P=0.047), and Bifidobacteriales (F=7.624, P=0.020). A significant interaction was observed between two groups for Actinobacteria (F=8.434, P=0.016). At family and genus levels, a significant main effect of groups was observed in Bifidobacteriaceae (F=7.624, P=0.020), Bifidobacterium (F=7.404, P=0.022), and Gemmiger (F=5.881, P=0.036). These findings indicate that an 8-week exercise training may induce partial changes in relative abundance and OTU clustering of gut microbiota in physically inactive elderly women. Also, exercise may increase the abundance of bacteria associated with anti-inflammation such as Verrucomicrobia, reduce the abundance of bacteria associated with pro-inflammation such as Proteobacteria

scholarly journals GAIT CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY WOMEN IN OVERGROUND, ASCENT AND DESCENT WALKWAY CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (09) ◽  
pp. 2040003
Author(s):  
MOON-SEOK KWON ◽  
YU-RI KWON ◽  
YOON-HYEOK CHOI ◽  
GWANG-MOON EOM ◽  
JUNGHYUK KO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fall Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Mean Differences

Gait assessment is important for identification of potential faller among the elderly populations. Slope walking is associated with fall risk factor and elderly women have higher fall rate compared with elderly men. Therefore, this study investigated gait characteristics of elderly women in overground and slope walkway conditions. Thirty healthy elderly women (15 younger-elderly women and 15 older-elderly women) walked along the linear walkway including three walking conditions (overground, ascent and descent conditions). Temporal gait variables and normalized peak vertical GRF (ground reaction force) variables were derived from commercial motion analysis software. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was evaluated to compare mean differences of the three conditions and mean difference between younger and older elderly women. All gait characteristics were significantly different from the slope walking conditions ([Formula: see text]). Elderly women walked with longer loading response and mid stance phase during descent walking. Also, ascent walking induced a longer terminal stance phase. Interactions of age and walkway conditions were also significant in vertical GRF, where older-elderly women were greater than younger-elderly women in ascent walkway condition ([Formula: see text]) and in descent walkway condition ([Formula: see text]). These findings suggest that specific-walkway condition should be considered for fall prevention and clinical interventions in elderly women.

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