scholarly journals GAIT CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY WOMEN IN OVERGROUND, ASCENT AND DESCENT WALKWAY CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (09) ◽  
pp. 2040003
Author(s):  
MOON-SEOK KWON ◽  
YU-RI KWON ◽  
YOON-HYEOK CHOI ◽  
GWANG-MOON EOM ◽  
JUNGHYUK KO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fall Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Mean Differences

Gait assessment is important for identification of potential faller among the elderly populations. Slope walking is associated with fall risk factor and elderly women have higher fall rate compared with elderly men. Therefore, this study investigated gait characteristics of elderly women in overground and slope walkway conditions. Thirty healthy elderly women (15 younger-elderly women and 15 older-elderly women) walked along the linear walkway including three walking conditions (overground, ascent and descent conditions). Temporal gait variables and normalized peak vertical GRF (ground reaction force) variables were derived from commercial motion analysis software. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was evaluated to compare mean differences of the three conditions and mean difference between younger and older elderly women. All gait characteristics were significantly different from the slope walking conditions ([Formula: see text]). Elderly women walked with longer loading response and mid stance phase during descent walking. Also, ascent walking induced a longer terminal stance phase. Interactions of age and walkway conditions were also significant in vertical GRF, where older-elderly women were greater than younger-elderly women in ascent walkway condition ([Formula: see text]) and in descent walkway condition ([Formula: see text]). These findings suggest that specific-walkway condition should be considered for fall prevention and clinical interventions in elderly women.

Does Delivery Length Impact Measures of Whole-Body Biomechanical Load During Pace Bowling?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1485-1489
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Callaghan ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Walter Yu ◽  
Warren A. Andrews ◽  
Robert F. Chipchase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Practice

Purpose: To investigate whether changes in delivery length (ie, short, good, and full) lead to alterations in whole-body biomechanical loading as determined by ground reaction force during front-foot contact of the delivery stride for pace bowlers. Current load-monitoring practices of pace bowling in cricket assume equivocal biomechanical loading as only the total number of deliveries are monitored irrespective of delivery length. Methods: A total of 16 male pace bowlers completed a 2-over spell at maximum intensity while targeting different delivery lengths (short, 7–10 m; good, 4–7 m; and full, 0–4 m from the batter’s stumps). In-ground force plates were used to determine discrete (vertical and braking force, impulse, and loading rates) and continuous front-foot contact ground reaction force. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (P < .05), effects size, and statistical parametrical mapping were used to determine differences between delivery lengths. Results: There were no significant differences between short, good, and full delivery lengths for the discrete and continuous kinetic variables investigated (P = .19–1.00), with trivial to small effect sizes. Conclusion: There were minimal differences in front-foot contact biomechanics for deliveries of different lengths (ie, short, good, and full). These data reinforce current pace bowling load-monitoring practices (ie, counting the number of deliveries), as changes in delivery length do not affect the whole-body biomechanical loading experienced by pace bowlers. This is of practical importance as it retains simplicity in load-monitoring practice that is used widely across different competition levels and ages.

Nutritional State of Elderly Women on Admission to Mental Hospital

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hancock ◽  
R. P. Hullin ◽  
P. R. Aylard ◽  
J. R. King ◽  
D. B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Low Levels

Since nutritional deficiencies might worsen the severity of symptoms and prolong the length of illness in non-nutritional disorders, particularly in the elderly, we examined the nutritional status of 216 elderly women newly admitted to a mental hospital. Compared to healthy elderly women, they had lower values for plasma prealbumin, vitamin C, and B vitamins. This was particularly common in senile dementia, and appeared to be the result of inadequate intake of protein or vitamins. Regular hospital diet for one month corrected the very low levels of prealbumin, but supplements were essential to remove deficiency of the water-soluble vitamins. Although vitamin supplements did not influence the length of stay in hospital, we did not exclude the possibility that nutritional deficiencies have a significant effect on the severity of mental illness.

Social support, dementia and depression among the elderly living in the Hobart community

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Henderson ◽  
D. A. Grayson ◽  
R. Scott ◽  
J. Wilson ◽  
D. Rickwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisIn a community sample of the elderly (N = 274) in Hobart, Tasmania, cases of dementia and depression were ascertained by the Canberra Geriatric Mental State and the Mini Mental State Examination. Social relationships and support were examined by means of the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction. The elderly had fewer social relationships than younger adults, but were more content with what they did have. Elderly women had more affectional ties than elderly men. The presence of offspring in the same town increased the number of close ties and of social relationships, but was more important for men than for women. Persons with cognitive impairment or an established dementia reported that they had less social interaction than they would like. Depressed subjects reported having markedly less social interaction than the mentally healthy elderly, but did not complain that it was too little. This study provides a systematic description of the social environment of the elderly, both in mental health and in states of depression or impaired cognition.

scholarly journals Abnormal phenotypic distribution of regulatory and effector T cells in octogenarian and nonagenarian women

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
Wilson de Melo Cruvinel ◽  
Danilo Mesquita Júnior ◽  
Júlio Antônio Pereira Araújo ◽  
Karina Carvalho Samazi ◽  
Esper Georges Kállas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Effector T Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
T Cell Phenotypes ◽  
Effects Of Aging

SummaryIntroduction:aging is associated with several immunologic changes. Regulatory (Treg) and effector T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune diseases. Little is known about the effects of aging on the frequency and function of these T cell subpopulations.Methods:peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 26 young (under 44 years old) and 18 elderly (above 80 years old) healthy women. T cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:elderly individuals had lower frequency of several activated effector T cell phenotypes as compared with young individuals: CD3+CD4+CD25+ (3.82±1.93 versus 9.53±4.49; p<0.0001); CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127+(2.39±1.19 versus 7.26±3.84; p<0.0001); CD3+CD4+CD25+ (0.41±0.22 versus 1.86±0.85, p<0.0001); and CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127+(0.06±0.038 versus 0.94±0.64, p<0.0001). Treg (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127øFoxp3+) presented lower frequency in elderly individuals as compared to young adults (0.34±0.18 versus 0.76±0.48; p=0.0004) and its frequency was inversely correlated with age in the whole group (r=-0.439; p=0.013). The elderly group showed higher frequency of two undefined CD25øFoxp3+ phenotypes: CD3+CD4+CD25øFoxp3+(15.05±7.34 versus 1.65±1.71; p<0.0001) and CD3+CD4+CD25øCD127øFoxp3+(13.0±5.52 versus 3.51±2.87; p<0.0001).Conclusions:the altered proportion of different T cell subsets herein documented in healthy elderly women may be relevant to the understanding of the immunologic behavior and disease susceptibility patterns observed in geriatric patients.

Biomechanical Analysis of Older Adults Stepping Up: A Method of Evaluating Balance

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Michel-Pellegrino ◽  
David Hewson ◽  
Jean-Yves Hogrel ◽  
Jacques Duchêne
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Weight Transfer

The aim of this study was to analyze differences in biomechanical parameters between elderly and control participants when stepping up, to evaluate control of balance. Eleven control and 14 elderly participants performed a step from an initial static posture onto a 7-cm-high force plate. For the spontaneous-velocity condition, elderly participants performed a slower progression velocity than control participants. Elderly participants spent proportionally more time in stance phase, with a corresponding decrease in swing phase, than the control participants, irrespective of movement velocity. In contrast, at spontaneous velocity the parameters related to ground-reaction force (GRF) showed that anteroposterior and mediolateral forces at toe-off of the support limb and the slope of vertical force during weight transfer were significantly smaller for the elderly than for control participants. These GRF parameters depended on the stepping-up velocity. The elderly develop a spatiotemporal strategy and reduced movement velocity to control support balance.

scholarly journals The Influence of Indonesian Cardio Gymnastic Series-I to Plasma Protein Expression Of BDNF in The Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Nita Fitria ◽  
Lynna Lidyana ◽  
Shelly Iskandar ◽  
Leonardo Lubis ◽  
Fidella Fidella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Physical activity in the elderly will improve cognitive function. Biomolecular changes to see an increase in elderly cognitive function are characterized by an increase in the expression of plasma protein Brain Derived Nerve Factor (BDNF). Efforts to improve cognitive function can be done in Indonesian Cardio Gymnastic Serie-I . In this study the aim was to analyze the influence of Indonesian Cardio Gymnastic Serie-I three times a week for 6 weeks to Plasma Protein Expression of BDNF in Elderly. This study used a pre-experiment with the design of one group pre and post test for 27 samples of healthy elderly aged > 60 years and routinely conduct Indonesian Cardio Gymnastic Serie-I 3 times a week for 6 weeks. To determine BDNF levels taken from elderly plasma blood then measured using the Enzime Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. To analyze the influence of Indonesian Cardio Gymnastic Serie-I to plasma protein expression of BDNF, a paired t-test was used so that the mean differences between before and after gymnastics were known. There were differences in the mean BDNF plasma protein expression before and after Indonesian Cardio Gymnastic Serie-I (2174,52 ± 700,79 VS 1981 ± 915,17 pg/ mL, p = 0,40 ; p > 0,05) with the mean difference was 192,69 which means Indonesian Cardio Gymnastic Serie-I 3 times a week for 6 weeks had no influence to plasma protein expression of BDNF because the level has decreased by 91.14% after exercising

scholarly journals Testing Mean Differences among Groups: Multivariate and Repeated Measures Analysis with Minimal Assumptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne C. Bathke ◽  
Sarah Friedrich ◽  
Markus Pauly ◽  
Frank Konietschke ◽  
Wolfgang Staffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Mean Differences

scholarly journals Comparing the Use of Three Dendrometers for Measuring Diameters at Breast Height

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangbin Liu ◽  
Walter Bitterlich ◽  
Chris J. Cieszewski ◽  
Michal J. Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Clinical Measurement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Diameter Classes

Abstract Three dendrometers are used to measure dbh. Two of the devices are the well-known and widely used d-tape and caliper. The third device is the lesser-known sector fork. In this study, measurements of dbh were collected from each dendrometer for each tree in nine plots, with each of the three plots nested in one of the diameter classes (small, medium, and large). The results from repeated-measures analysis of variance show that different dendrometers, the interaction between the dendrometer and diameter class, and the interaction between the dendrometer and plot significantly affected the dbh measurements. Statistically significant differences were detected in most of the comparisons of dbh measured by the three dendrometers. However, the actual mean differences and limits of agreement (Bland, J.M., and D.G. Altman. 1986. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1:307–310) were small enough to support the claim that the dbh measurements made by the three dendrometers agree well in measurements of the small and medium trees (in this study, dbh of <16 in.). Thus, these statistically significant differences are not biologically and/or practically important. For the large trees (dbh 16 in. or more), the dbh measured by d-tape and caliper still agreed well. The sector fork should be used cautiously in measuring large trees.

Effect of Strike Pattern and Orthotic Intervention on Tibial Shock during Running

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Laughton ◽  
Irene McClay Davis ◽  
Joseph Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Stiffness ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Tibial Acceleration ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Tibial Shock ◽  
Rearfoot Eversion

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of both strike pattern (forefoot vs. rearfoot strike pattern) and orthotic intervention on shock to the lower extremity. Semi-rigid orthotic devices were manufactured for 15 injury-free recreational runners. Tibial accelerometry, ground reaction force, and 3D kinematic data were collected on their right leg in four conditions: forefoot strike (FFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS) with and without orthotics. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance tests were used to assess the effects of strike pattern and orthotic intervention on tibial acceleration; angular excursions of the ankle and knee; ground reaction force (GRF) vertical and anteroposterior peaks and load rates; and ankle, knee, and leg stiffness. There was a significant increase in tibial acceleration for the FFS pattern compared to the RFS pattern. This may be explained in part by the significantly greater peak vertical GRF, peak anteroposterior GRF, anteroposterior GRF load rates, knee stiffness, and leg stiffness found in the FFS pattern compared to the RFS pattern. Tibial acceleration and rearfoot eversion excursions were similar between the orthotic and no-orthotic conditions. Knee flexion excursion and average GRF vertical load rates were significantly decreased while dorsiflexion excursion and knee stiffness were significantly increased in the orthotic condition. No significant interactions were found between strike pattern and orthotic condition for any variables assessed.

scholarly journals Differences in Sensation Level between the Widex SoundTracker and Two Real-Ear Analyzers

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Oeding ◽  
Michael Valente
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Background: SoundTracker is an algorithm in Widex's Compass fitting software that could potentially be used to estimate a patient's aided sensation level (SL). SoundTracker's accuracy of estimating a patient's SL has never been verified in comparison to SL measured with commercially available real-ear analyzers. Purpose: Determine whether statistically significant differences are present between the estimated SL of the Widex SoundTracker software application and the measured SL of the Audioscan Verifit and Frye 6500 real-ear analyzers at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Research Design: This study used a randomized repeated measures design to determine differences in SL between SoundTracker and the Verifit and 6500. Study Sample: Ten subjects (N = 20 ears) were recruited who were experienced users of behind-the-ear hearing aids with conventional vented earmolds and had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that was >30 dB HL below 1000 Hz and ≤70 dB HL to 4000 Hz. Data Collection and Analysis: Real-ear in-situ thresholds (dB sound pressure level [SPL]) and real-ear aided responses (REAR; dB SPL) were measured at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz to determine differences in SL between SoundTracker, Verifit, and 6500. A three-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine differences between method (real-ear analyzers and SoundTracker), analyzer (Verifit and 6500), and frequency (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz). Results: Mean differences in measured SL for the Verifit and 6500 were ≤2 dB when compared to the estimated SL using SoundTracker. A statistically significant difference in SL was present between the Verifit and SoundTracker at 2000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were present at 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz. A statistically significant difference in SL was present between the 6500 and SoundTracker at 4000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were present at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Mean differences in measured SL between the real-ear analyzers (difference of SoundTracker SL minus Verifit SL compared to the difference of SoundTracker SL minus 6500 SL) were ≤2 dB with a statistically significant difference present at 2000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no statistically significant differences were present at 500, 1000, or 4000 Hz. Conclusions: Nearly 85% of the differences between the estimated SoundTracker SL and the measured SLs of the Verifit and 6500 were ≤2 dB. Despite some limitations of this study, SoundTracker could be useful as a counseling tool to illustrate to patients which sounds are audible or inaudible when unaided and aided.

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