Pell Numbers, Pell–Lucas Numbers and Modular Group

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Mushtaq ◽  
U. Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Modular Group ◽  
Symmetric Matrix ◽  
Lucas Numbers ◽  
Lucas Number ◽  
Pell Numbers ◽  
The Matrix

We show that the matrix A(g), representing the element g = ((xy)2(xy2)2)m (m ≥ 1) of the modular group PSL(2,Z) = 〈x,y : x2 = y3 = 1〉, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], is a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix whose entries are Pell numbers and whose trace is a Pell–Lucas number. If g fixes elements of [Formula: see text], where d is a square-free positive number, on the circuit of the coset diagram, then d = 2 and there are only four pairs of ambiguous numbers on the circuit.

scholarly journals One Type of Symmetric Matrix with Harmonic Pell Entries, Its Inversion, Permanents and Some Norms

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Seda Yamaç Akbiyik ◽  
Mücahit Akbiyik ◽  
Fatih Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Matrix ◽  
Harmonic Numbers ◽  
Pell Numbers ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Norms ◽  
Exponential Matrix

The Pell numbers, named after the English diplomat and mathematician John Pell, are studied by many authors. At this work, by inspiring the definition harmonic numbers, we define harmonic Pell numbers. Moreover, we construct one type of symmetric matrix family whose elements are harmonic Pell numbers and its Hadamard exponential matrix. We investigate some linear algebraic properties and obtain inequalities by using matrix norms. Furthermore, some summation identities for harmonic Pell numbers are obtained. Finally, we give a MATLAB-R2016a code which writes the matrix with harmonic Pell entries and calculates some norms and bounds for the Hadamard exponential matrix.

scholarly journals A Convenient Method to Obtain Stellar Eigenfrequencies

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
M. Knölker ◽  
M. Stix
Keyword(s):  
Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Symmetric Matrix ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Solar Model ◽  
Pressure Perturbation ◽  
Stellar Oscillations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
First Results ◽  
Algebraic Eigenvalue Problem

AbstractThe differential equations describing stellar oscillations are transformed into an algebraic eigenvalue problem. Frequencies of adiabatic oscillations are obtained as the eigenvalues of a banded real symmetric matrix. We employ the Cowling-approximation, i.e. neglect the Eulerian perturbation of the gravitational potential, and, in order to preserve selfadjointness, require that the Eulerian pressure perturbation vanishes at the outer boundary. For a solar model, comparison of first results with results obtained from a Henyey method shows that the matrix method is convenient, accurate, and fast.

scholarly journals The normalizer of Γ0(N) in PSL(2, ℝ)

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akbas ◽  
D. Singerman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Modular Group ◽  
Prime Divisors ◽  
Möbius Transformations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Mobius Transformations

Let Γ denote the modular group, consisting of the Möbius transformationsAs usual we denote the above transformation by the matrix remembering that V and – V represent the same transformation. If N is a positive integer we let Γ0(N) denote the transformations for which c ≡ 0 mod N. Then Γ0(N) is a subgroup of indexthe product being taken over all prime divisors of N.

scholarly journals A special property of the matrix Riccati equation

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Riccati Equation ◽  
Symmetric Matrix ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Positive Definiteness ◽  
Symmetric Matrices ◽  
Unusual Property ◽  
Riccati Differential Equation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Independent Variable

In the domain of real symmetric matrices ordered by the positive definiteness criterion, the symmetric matrix Riccati differential equation has the unusual property of preserving the ordering of its solutions as the independent variable changes, Here is is shown that, subject to a continuity restriction, the Riccati equation is unique among comparable equations in possessing this property.

scholarly journals Symmetric and generating functions of generalized (p,q)-numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabiha Saba ◽  
◽  
Ali Boussayoud ◽  
Abdelhamid Abderrezzak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Fibonacci Numbers ◽  
Lucas Numbers ◽  
Pell Numbers ◽  
Lucas Polynomials ◽  
Binet’S Formula

In this paper, we will firstly define a new generalization of numbers (p, q) and then derive the appropriate Binet's formula and generating functions concerning (p,q)-Fibonacci numbers, (p,q)- Lucas numbers, (p,q)-Pell numbers, (p,q)-Pell Lucas numbers, (p,q)-Jacobsthal numbers and (p,q)-Jacobsthal Lucas numbers. Also, some useful generating functions are provided for the products of (p,q)-numbers with bivariate complex Fibonacci and Lucas polynomials.

Convolutions of the generalized Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers

Filomat ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gospava Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Lucas Numbers ◽  
Pell Numbers

We consider the convolution of the generalized Pell numbers-P(s) n,m and the convolution of the generalized Pell-Lucas numbers-Q(s) n,m. For s = 0, the sequence P(0) n,m represents the generalized Pell numbers Pn;m, and the sequence Q(0) n,m represents the generalized Pell-Lucas numbers Qn,m ([1], [2]). For m = 2 and s = 0, the numbers P(0) n,2 and Q(0) n,2 are Pell and Pell-Lucas numbers, respectively.

scholarly journals Lucas numbers of the formPX2, wherePis prime

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Natural Number ◽  
Lucas Numbers ◽  
Lucas Number ◽  
All Solutions

LetLndenote thenthLucas number, wherenis a natural number. Using elementary techniques, we find all solutions of the equation:Ln=px2wherepis prime andp<1000.

scholarly journals Finite groups of deficiency zero involving the Lucas numbers

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Campbell ◽  
E. F. Robertson ◽  
R. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Finite Groups ◽  
Soluble Group ◽  
Fibonacci Number ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Finite Soluble Group ◽  
Lucas Numbers ◽  
Lucas Number ◽  
Derived Length ◽  
New Class

In this paper, we investigate a class of 2-generator 2-relator groups G(n) related to the Fibonacci groups F(2,n), each of the groups in this new class also being defined by a single parameter n, though here n can take negative, as well as positive, values. If n is odd, we show that G(n) is a finite soluble group of derived length 2 (if n is coprime to 3) or 3 (otherwise), and order |2n(n + 2)gnf(n, 3)|, where fn is the Fibonacci number defined by f0=0,f1=1,fn+2=fn+fn+1 and gn is the Lucas number defined by g0 = 2, g1 = 1, gn+2 = gn + gn+1 for n≧0. On the other hand, if n is even then, with three exceptions, namely the cases n = 2,4 or –4, G(n) is infinite; the groups G(2), G(4) and G(–4) have orders 16, 240 and 80 respectively.

New recurrences on Pell numbers, Pell-Lucas numbers, Jacobsthal numbers, and Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 111173
Author(s):  
Songül Çelik ◽  
İnan Durukan ◽  
Engin Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Lucas Numbers ◽  
Pell Numbers

On generalised Fibonaccian and Lucasian numbers

2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (518) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hilton ◽  
Jean Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Residue Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lucas Numbers ◽  
Lucas Number ◽  
Residue Classes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Striking Fact

In [1, Chapter 3, Section 2], we collected together results we had previously obtained relating to the question of which positive integers m were Lucasian, that is, factors of some Lucas number L n. We pointed out that the behaviors of odd and even numbers m were quite different. Thus, for example, 2 and 4 are both Lucasian but 8 is not; for the sequence of residue classes mod 8 of the Lucas numbers, n ⩾ 0, reads and thus does not contain the residue class 0*. On the other hand, it is a striking fact that, if the odd number s is Lucasian, then so are all of its positive powers.

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