In-Vitro Analysis of FeMn-Si Smart Biodegradable Alloy

Special materials are required in many applications to fulfill specific medical or industrial necessities. Biodegradable metallic materials present many attractive properties, especially mechanical ones correlated with good biocompatibility with vivant bodies. A biodegradable iron-based material was realized through electric arc-melting and induction furnace homogenization. The new chemical composition obtained presented a special property named SME (shape memory effect) based on the martensite transformation. Preliminary results about this special biodegradable material with a new chemical composition were realized for the chemical composition and structural and thermal characterization. Corrosion resistance was evaluated in Ringer’s solution through immersion tests for 1, 3, and 7 days, the solution pH was measured in time for 3 days with values for each minute, and electro-corrosion was measured using a potentiostat and a three electrode cell. The mass loss of the samples during immersion and electro-corrosion was evaluated and the surface condition was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). SME was highlighted with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results confirm the possibility of a memory effect of the materials in the wrought case and a generalized corrosion (Tafel and cyclic potentiometry and EIS) with the formation of iron oxides and a corrosion rate favorable for applications that require a longer implantation period.

Riemann Zeta Based Surge Modelling of Continuous Real Functions in Electrical Circuits

Riemann zeta is defined as a function of a complex variable that analytically continues the sum of the Dirichlet series, when the real part is greater than unity. In this paper, the Riemann zeta associated with the finite energy possessed by a 2mm radius, free falling water droplet, crashing into a plane is considered. A modified zeta function is proposed which is incorporated to the spherical coordinates and real analysis has been performed. Through real analytic continuation, the single point of contact of the drop at the instant of touching the plane is analyzed. The zeta function is extracted at the point of destruction of the drop, where it defines a unique real function. A special property is assumed for some continuous functions, where the function’s first derivative and first integral combine together to a nullity at all points. Approximate reverse synthesis of such a function resulted in a special waveform named the dying-surge. Extending the proposed concept to general continuous real functions resulted in the synthesis of the corresponding function’s Dying-surge model. The Riemann zeta function associated with the water droplet can also be modeled as a dying–surge. The Dying- surge model corresponds to an electrical squeezing or compression of a waveform, which was originally defined over infinite arguments, squeezed to a finite number of values for arguments placed very close together with defined final and penultimate values. Synthesized results using simulation software are also presented, along with the analysis. The presence of surges in electrical circuits will correspond to electrical compression of some unknown continuous, real current or voltage function and the method can be used to estimate the original unknown function.

Whether the Support Region of Three-Bit Uniform Quantizer Has a Strong Impact on Post-Training Quantization for MNIST Dataset?

Driven by the need for the compression of weights in neural networks (NNs), which is especially beneficial for edge devices with a constrained resource, and by the need to utilize the simplest possible quantization model, in this paper, we study the performance of three-bit post-training uniform quantization. The goal is to put various choices of the key parameter of the quantizer in question (support region threshold) in one place and provide a detailed overview of this choice’s impact on the performance of post-training quantization for the MNIST dataset. Specifically, we analyze whether it is possible to preserve the accuracy of the two NN models (MLP and CNN) to a great extent with the very simple three-bit uniform quantizer, regardless of the choice of the key parameter. Moreover, our goal is to answer the question of whether it is of the utmost importance in post-training three-bit uniform quantization, as it is in quantization, to determine the optimal support region threshold value of the quantizer to achieve some predefined accuracy of the quantized neural network (QNN). The results show that the choice of the support region threshold value of the three-bit uniform quantizer does not have such a strong impact on the accuracy of the QNNs, which is not the case with two-bit uniform post-training quantization, when applied in MLP for the same classification task. Accordingly, one can anticipate that due to this special property, the post-training quantization model in question can be greatly exploited.

Some Aspects of Author’s Phraseology of F.M. Dostoevsky

The article is devoted to the authors phraseology of Dostoevsky, which characterizes him as an artist, a native speaker of the Russian language of his time and can distinguish him from other authors. Identification and characterization of the authors phraseological units and authors techniques of their creation on the example of the description of phraseological units to talk about the language creative personality and the features of the idiostyle. The systemic feature of the writers idiostyle when describing phraseology is an extraordinary variety in form, semantic shades and references to precedent texts, as well as a special property of the writers language - universality and originality, which allows you to go beyond the time frame of the writers work. The phraseological units introduced by Dostoevsky in the middle and second half of the XIX century entered the Russian language, they are recognizable and somehow present in the language of the XX and XXI centuries. To become stable expressions, it takes time for a more complete mastering of Dostoevskys texts, reproduction and consolidation of phraseological units in the language. Paradoxically, the unique, multidimensional and inimitable idiostyle of the writer can become an obstacle to entering the language. Moving on from century to century accumulate idioms of the language, and therefore peoples memory. The description of Dostoevskys phraseological units makes it possible to compare both different works of one writer and works of different authors in the synchrony and diachrony of the Russian language.

THE SPECIFIC OF HIERARCHICAL COLLISIONS RESOLUTION IN RUSSIAN LAW

Статья посвящена рассмотрению особенностей и формулированию практических рекомендаций по разрешению иерархических юридических коллизий в российском праве. Автор статьи предлагает трактовать иерархическую (субординационную) юридическую коллизию расширительно: не только как противоречие между двумя или более нормативно-правовыми актами, но и как возможное противоречие между правовыми актами разных типов, включая правоприменительные (индивидуальные) и интерпретационные акты. Подчеркивается, что базовым правилом разрешения любой иерархической юридической коллизии должно быть правило юридической силы. В то же время в настоящий момент в российском праве нормы, определяющие данное понятие, а равно устанавливающие четкие механизмы преодоления юридических коллизий, включая иерархические, отсутствуют. Под юридической силой предлагается понимать особое свойство правовых актов, благодаря наличию которого данные акты формируют иерархию, и нижестоящие акты вышестоящим противоречить не могут. Выдвигается тезис о том, что не типичные иерархические коллизии в праве (коллизии между нормативно-правовым актом, с одной стороны, и правоприменительным или интерпретационным актом, с другой, а равно несколькими правоприменительными и (или) интерпретационными актами между собой) как разновидность иерархической юридической коллизии должны разрешаться с обязательным использованием правила юридической силы. То есть акты нормативного толкования и правоприменения должны быть приравнены по юридической силе к интерпретируемым и применяемым актам. Именно такой путь позволит избежать остановок в работе механизма реализации права, которых, как известно, современное правовое государство позволить себе не может. The article is devoted to the consideration of the features and the development of practical recommendations for resolving hierarchical legal collisions in Russian law. The author of the article proposes to interpret the hierarchical legal collision broadly, not only as a contradiction between regulatory legal acts, but also as a possible contradiction between legal acts of different types. It is emphasized that the basic rule for resolving any hierarchical legal collision should be the rule of legal force. However, at the moment in Russian law there are no norms defining this concept, as well as establishing clear mechanisms for overcoming legal conflicts, including hierarchical ones. It is proposed to understand legal force as a special property of legal acts, due to the presence of which these acts form a hierarchy, and lower-level acts cannot contradict higher-level ones. The thesis is put forward that non-typical hierarchical collisions in law should also be resolved with the obligatory use of the rule of legal force. This means that the acts of normative interpretation and law enforcement should be equated in legal force with the interpreted and applied acts. This is the way to avoid stoppages in the work of the mechanism for the implementation of the law, which, as you know, the modern constitutional state cannot afford.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL OF HUMOUR AS A MEANS OF TEACHING AND NURTURING PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

The relevance of the article is stipulated to the active search for qualitatively new ways to improve the efficiency of the educational process in primary school. One of them is humour as a special property of human nature. The use of elements of humour in the organization of the educational process in primary school, methods and techniques based on wit, has significant psychological and pedagogical potential and is a significant reserve for improving the effectiveness of learning, education and personality development of primary school. The application of forms of humour with pupils of primary school in work contributes to the development of personal qualities of pupils, the formation of their critical thinking, the ability to make decisions independently and creatively approach any business. The purpose of the article is to determine the psychological and pedagogical potential of humour as a means of teaching and nurturing pupils of primary school. Various approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of “humour” are analyzed in the article; the complexity of the nature of humour is grounded, which is stipulated to synthetic combinations of communicative, emotional and intellectual spheres, personal traits of a child, socio-cultural conditions of its formation. The problem of application of elements of humour during the organization of educational process in establishments of general secondary education in the context of scientific developments of known scientists (Ya. A. Komensky, A. Makarenko, V. Sukhomlinsky, Sh. Amonashvili, O. Savchenko) is investigated. The psychological and pedagogical potential of humour as a means of teaching and nurturing pupils of primary school, which provides a set of all available tools, opportunities for humor that can be used in teaching and educational process in general, and identified a set of psychological and pedagogical conditions to increase its productivity: creating an atmosphere of cooperation and trust through the skillful use of humorous methods and techniques; adequacy of humor to the peculiarities of the development of the emotional sphere of junior pupils; organic use of humor in the content of educational material. The role of the influence of humor elements on the emotional sphere of junior pupils during the organization of the educational process in primary school is substantiated. The relationship of value emotional states (interest, joy, surprise) with the mental processes of the individual (memory, will, thinking) during the use of elements of humour in primary school lessons is analyzed. The forms of humour in the life of pupils of primary school, the peculiarities of their formation and development in accordance with the age category are reflected.

Decomposition of Random Sequences into Mixtures of Simpler Ones and Its Application in Network Analysis

A classic and fundamental result about the decomposition of random sequences into a mixture of simpler ones is de Finetti’s Theorem. In its original form, it applies to infinite 0–1 valued sequences with the special property that the distribution is invariant to permutations (called an exchangeable sequence). Later it was extended and generalized in numerous directions. After reviewing this line of development, we present our new decomposition theorem, covering cases that have not been previously considered. We also introduce a novel way of applying these types of results in the analysis of random networks. For self-containment, we provide the introductory exposition in more detail than usual, with the intent of making it also accessible to readers who may not be closely familiar with the subject.

Nanoparticles as Potential Improvement for Conventional Fertilisation in the Cultivation of Raphanus sativus var. sativus

The use of nanoparticles in fertilisation has confirmed positive effects on plant growth and yield. Simultaneously, there is still little research into the effects of nanoparticles on the antioxidant system of plants. Due to the positive effect of nano zinc oxide on plants and the special property of nano zero-valent iron, these particles were selected for the research. The nano zero-valent iron is crucial for plants as it is present in agglomerations on the surface of roots where it increases the absorptive surface of the rhizosphere and causes elongation of the roots. The study aims to determine the influence of selected nanoparticles as a potential improvement for conventional fertilisation by magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). After the cultivation, the influence of nanoparticles on the accumulation of macronutrients in plant tissues, biometric parameters, and physiological response (chlorophyll and antioxidant system) of radish (Raphanus sativus) were assessed. The solution used in this study helped to increase the content of nitrates (V) in radish roots by 31.7–73.2% compared to conventional fertilisation. Nevertheless, nanoparticles supplementation resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of magnesium, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in plants. The high dose of used fertilisers increased the thickness and length of tubers by approximately 50.0%, compared to the control samples. The “Macro 2 + nano” variant caused an increase of plant biomass up to 70.0%. The analysis of the antioxidant system showed that the application of macronutrients with nanoparticles increased the concentration of polyphenols in plant tubers by 46.0–55.6%. Interestingly, while implemented conditions caused a 1.5-fold increase in CAT activity in leaves, at the same time the decrease in CAT activity in plant roots was observed. Based on the obtained results of the enzymatic antioxidant system and biometric parameters of plants, it can be concluded that (in laboratory conditions) nZVI and nanoZnO are efficient components of fertilisers. However, the effects on other organisms must be investigated before implementing a method for widespread use.

Quantifiers in Natural Language: Efficient Communication and Degrees of Semantic Universals

While the languages of the world vary greatly, they exhibit systematic patterns, as well. Semantic universals are restrictions on the variation in meaning exhibit cross-linguistically (e.g., that, in all languages, expressions of a certain type can only denote meanings with a certain special property). This paper pursues an efficient communication analysis to explain the presence of semantic universals in a domain of function words: quantifiers. Two experiments measure how well languages do in optimally trading off between competing pressures of simplicity and informativeness. First, we show that artificial languages which more closely resemble natural languages are more optimal. Then, we introduce information-theoretic measures of degrees of semantic universals and show that these are not correlated with optimality in a random sample of artificial languages. These results suggest both that efficient communication shapes semantic typology in both content and function word domains, as well as that semantic universals may not stand in need of independent explanation.

A COMPARATIVE PHARMACEUTICO ANALYTICAL STUDY OF YASTIMADHU KSHEERAPAKOTTHA GHRITHA AND YASTIMADHU GHRITHA

Drug research is an important part of pharmaceutical field especially in Ayurveda pharmaceutics to revalidate and establish various formulations. Ghritha kalpana has got prime importance due to a special property of Ghritha i.e Samskarasyanuvartana. Ksheera ghritha and Ghritha are explained with different properties in Ayurveda classics. Present study is to compare between Yastimadhu Ksheera ghritha and classical Yastimadhu ghritha by organoleptic and analytical parameters. Ksheera ghritha procedure may bypass the long procedure , maximise the percentage of extract in Ghritha. Reference of Ksheera ghritha is available in various classical texts like Sushruta samhitha1 etc. Ksheera ghritha said to have properties like Netrya , Sangrahi , Rakthapitta hara etc. Ksheera ghritha of Yastimadhu prepared by preparing Ksheerapaka taken as G1 and Yastimadhu Ghritha prepared by normal classical way taken as G2. Analytical study for standardization of both samples were carried out on the basis of classically illustrated organoleptic tests and modern parameters of physico-chemical properties like LOD, Refractive index , Saponification value etc., and TLC done for qualitative analysis. By this study the major difference between Ksheera ghritha and Ghritha are established giving further scope for clinical research to establish efficacy of same. KEY WORDS : Ayurveda, Ghritha, Yastimadhu, Ksheerapaka.