The Upper Radical Property and Lower Radical Property of Groups

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhirang Zhang ◽  
Xuemei Li
Keyword(s):  
Lower Radical ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
Radical Property

We take in this paper an arbitrary class [Formula: see text] of groups as a base, and define a radical property 𝒫 for which every group in [Formula: see text] is 𝒫-semisimple. This is called the upper radical property determined by the class [Formula: see text]. At the same time, we define a radical property 𝒫 for which every group in [Formula: see text] is a 𝒫-radical group. This is called the first lower radical property determined by the class [Formula: see text]. Also, we give another construction leading to the second lower radical property which is proved to be identical with the first one.

scholarly journals On the mutagenic radical property

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
G. Tzintzis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Radical ◽  
Radical Property

In their paper N. Divinsky and A. Sulinski [6] have introduced the notion of mutagenic radical property—that is, a radical property which is far removed from hereditariness—and constructed two such examples. The first is the lower radical property determined by a ring Swo (N. Divinsky [5]) and is an almost subidempotent radical property in the sense of F. Szász [9], and the second is a weakly supernilpotent radical property, that is the lower radical property determined by Swo and all nilpotent rings.

Lower Radicals in Associative Rings

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 466-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Watters
Keyword(s):  
Associative Ring ◽  
Countable Number ◽  
Lower Radical ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Radical Property ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Associative Rings

Given a homomorphically closed class of (not necessarily associative) rings , the lower radical property determined by is the least radical property for which all rings in are radical. Recently (7) a process of constructing the lower radical property from a class of associative rings has been given which terminates after a countable number of steps. In this process, an ascending chain of classesis obtained and the property of being a ring in the class is the lower radical property determined by . In Theorem 1 we give another characterization of the rings in the class , λ ∈ {1, 2, …, omega;0}, and a procedure for constructing the lower radical determined by in an arbitrary associative ring is given.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Fake Narratives on Social Media during 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-368
Author(s):  
Vience Mutiara Rumata ◽  
◽  
Fajar Kuala Nugraha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Election Studies

Social media become a public sphere for political discussion in the world, with no exception in Indonesia. Social media have broadened public engagement but at the same time, it creates an inevitable effect of polarization particularly during the heightened political situation such as a presidential election. Studies found that there is a correlation between fake news and political polarization. In this paper, we identify and the pattern of fake narratives in Indonesia in three different time frames: (1) the Presidential campaign (23 September 2018 -13 April 2019); (2) the vote (14-17 April 2019); (3) the announcement (21-22 May 2019). We extracted and analyzed a data-set consisting of 806,742 Twitter messages, 143 Facebook posts, and 16,082 Instagram posts. We classified 43 fake narratives where Twitter was the most used platform to distribute fake narratives massively. The accusation of Muslim radical group behind Prabowo and Communist accusation towards the incumbent President Joko Widodo were the two top fake narratives during the campaign on Twitter and Facebook. The distribution of fake narratives to Prabowo was larger than that to Joko Widodo on those three platforms in this period. On the contrary, the distribution of fake narratives to Joko Widodo was significantly larger than that to Prabowo during the election and the announcement periods. The death threat of Joko Widodo was top fake narratives on these three platforms. Keywords: Fake narratives, Indonesian presidential election, social media, political polarization, post.

scholarly journals La pratique du squat comme processus de socialisation féministe dans le mouvement Okupa madrilène des années 1980 = La práctica de la “okupación” como proceso de socialización feminista dentro del Movimiento Okupa madrileño de los años 80 = The practice of "squatting" as a process of socialization to feminism within the Occupy Madrid squat movement of the 80s

2020 ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Karine Bergès
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Las Mujeres

Resumen: Partiendo de los estudios que se han publicado sobre la cultura política okupa de los años 80, el presente artículo pretende ahondar en la militancia feminista de las mujeres okupas madrileñas. Siguiendo la trayectoria de un grupo minoritario y radical, LigaDura, fundado en 1987, nos centraremos en el estudio de la “okupación”, como práctica de resistencia en contra del orden neoliberal y de la especulación inmobiliaria. Si esta forma de acción plantea desarrollar otras formas de vida para una juventud rebelde e insumisa, el análisis de la “okupación”, desde una perspectiva de género, arroja luz sobre la reproducción de una cultura patriarcal en su seno, y al mismo tiempo, sobre el proceso de socialización feminista que induce para las mujeres okupas.Palabras clave: Occupación, Movimiento Okupa, patriarcado, feminismo, socialización, LigaDura.Abstract: Based on the studies that have been published on the political culture of the squat of the 1980s, this article aims to delve into the feminist militancy of the Madrid women squatters. Following the trajectory of a minority and radical group, LigaDura, founded in 1987, we will focus on the study of "squatting", as a practice of resistance against the neoliberal order and real estate speculation. If this form of mobilization proposes to develop other forms of life for a rebellious and rebellious youth, the analysis of "squatting", from a gender perspective, sheds light on the reproduction of a patriarchal culture in its midst, and at the same time, about the process of socialization to feminism that induces for women squatters.Keywords: Squatting, Movimiento Okupa, feminism, patriarchy, socialization, LigaDura.

scholarly journals Intermolecular Aminoallylation of Alkenes Using Allyl-Oxyphthalimide Derivatives: A Case Study in Radical Polarity Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lardy ◽  
Valerie Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ethers ◽  
Group Transfer ◽  
Radical Reactivity ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
Polarity Effects

<div><div><div><p>A case study on the polarity effects of radical mediated intermolecular alkene aminoallylation is presented herein. This radical group transfer method pairs vinyl ethers with electronically deficient allyl-oxyphthalimide derivatives to give difunctionalized products while illustrating the guiding effects of polarity on this radical reactivity.</p></div></div></div>

A Note on Lower Radical Constructions for Associative Rings

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Heinicke
Keyword(s):  
Radical Class ◽  
Lower Radical ◽  
Associative Rings

In [2], a construction for the lower radical class R∘ (η) with respect to a class η of rings was given as the union of an inductively defined ascending transfinite chain of classes of rings. It was shown there that this construction terminates, for associative rings, at ω∘, the first infinite ordinal, in the sense that if {ηα: α an ordinal} is the chain, then R∘ (η) =ηω∘. Also, examples of classes η for which R∘ (η) = η1, η2, η3 were given.

scholarly journals On a class of radicals of rings

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
R. Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Lower Radical ◽  
Lattice Of Subgroups

AbstractLet λ be a property that a lattice of submodules of a module may possess and which is preserved under taking sublattices and isomorphic images of such lattices and is satisfied by the lattice of subgroups of the group of integer numbers. For a ring R the lower radical Λ generated by the class λ(R) of R-modules whose lattice of submodules possesses the property λ is considered. This radical determines the unique ideal Λ (R) of R, called the λ-radical of R. We show that Λ is a Hoehnke radical of rings. Although generally Λ is not a Kurosh-Amitsur radical, it has the ADS-property and the class of Λ-radical rings is closed under extensions. We prove that Λ (Mn (R)) ⊆ Mn (Λ(R)) and give some illustrative examples.

scholarly journals On Radical Property of Cross Polyomino Ideal

2019 ◽  
Vol 1306 ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
Yoshua Yonatan Hamonangan ◽  
Intan Muchtadi-Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Radical Property
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