Identifying the Peri-Urbanized Rural Areas in China: Estimation Based on Firm-level Data of the First and Second National Economic Censuses

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650023
Author(s):  
Yuhong LI
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Level Data ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Village

Peri-urbanized rural areas are villages in which the non-agricultural population and industries are concentrated to a certain extent but rural administration is still practiced. It is an important factor affecting the quality of China's urbanization. On the basis of clarifying the characteristics and formation mechanism of peri-urbanized areas, the paper develops a method of identifying the peri-urbanized rural areas in China that is, the number of industrial employees in the village is not less than 900 and the grass-roots organization is the village committee. It makes an estimation of the peri-urbanization rate with the firm-level data of the first and second National Economic Censuses, and finds that the distribution of industrial employment at village level in China is “scattered” and “fat tailed”. While most of the industrial enterprises in rural areas are scattered, peri-urbanized rural areas centralize more than half of the industrial employees; China's peri-urbanization level is relatively high with a growing and deepening tendency, and it is closely related to the economic development.

Ageing and Employability. Evidence from Belgian Firm-Level Data

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Rigo ◽  
Vincent Vandenberghe ◽  
Fábio Waltenberg
Keyword(s):  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data

scholarly journals Who Really Benefits from Consumption Tax Cuts? Evidence from a Large VAT Reform in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Benzarti ◽  
Dorian Carloni
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Firm Owners

This paper evaluates the incidence of a large cut in value-added taxes (VATs) for French sit-down restaurants in 2009. In contrast to previous studies, which only focus on the price effects of VAT reforms, we estimate the effects of the VAT cut on four groups: workers, firm owners, consumers, and suppliers of material goods. Using a difference-in-differences strategy on firm-level data, we find that: firm owners pocketed more than 55 percent of the VAT cut; consumers, sellers of material goods, and employees shared the remaining windfall with consumers benefiting the least; and the employment effects were limited. (JEL H22, H25, L83)

scholarly journals Population-Level Prevalence, Bother, and Treatment Behavior for Urinary Incontinence in an Eastern European Country: Findings from the LUTS POLAND Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Mikolaj Przydacz ◽  
Marcin Chlosta ◽  
Piotr Chlosta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern European Country ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Objectives: Population-level data are lacking for urinary incontinence (UI) in Central and Eastern European countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, bother, and behavior regarding treatment for UI in a population-representative group of Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Methods: Data for this epidemiological study were derived from the larger LUTS POLAND project, in which a group of adults that typified the Polish population were surveyed, by telephone, about lower urinary tract symptoms. Respondents were classified by age, sex, and place of residence. UI was assessed with a standard protocol and established International Continence Society definitions. Results: The LUTS POLAND survey included 6005 completed interviews. The prevalence of UI was 14.6–25.4%; women reported a greater occurrence compared with men (p < 0.001). For both sexes, UI prevalence increased with age. Stress UI was the most common type of UI in women, and urgency UI was the most prevalent in men. We did not find a difference in prevalence between urban and rural areas. Individuals were greatly bothered by UI. For women, mixed UI was the most bothersome, whereas for men, leak for no reason was most annoying. More than half of respondents (51.4–62.3%) who reported UI expressed anxiety about the effect of UI on their quality of life. Nevertheless, only around one third (29.2–38.1%) of respondents with UI sought treatment, most of whom received treatment. Persons from urban and rural areas did not differ in the degrees of treatment seeking and treatment receiving. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence was prevalent and greatly bothersome among Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Consequently, UI had detrimental effects on quality of life. Nonetheless, most affected persons did not seek treatment. Therefore, we need to increase population awareness in Poland about UI and available treatment methods, and we need to ensure adequate allocation of government and healthcare system resources.

Multinational Banks and IMF Conditionality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung A Dang ◽  
Randall W Stone
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Imf Programs ◽  
Investment Location

Abstract We find firm-level evidence that US banks receive preferential treatment in countries under IMF conditionality. We rely on investment location decisions to infer firms’ expectations about future profits and find that US firms are approximately 53 percent more likely to acquire financial firms in countries under financial conditionality. IMF programs without financial conditionality and FDI in other sectors serve as placebo tests. Financial conditionality has weak effects on investment decisions by non-US firms, which implies a political-economy interpretation. Firm-level data indicate that the distinctive behavior of US firms is not due to advantages of scale or to a US-firm fixed effect, but to US influence in the IMF. Firms from other major IMF shareholders benefit as well, but the effects are much weaker. The effects are concentrated in the politically relevant firms that have local affiliates, which is consistent with the interpretation that firms lobby for preferential treatment.

Bribery, export decisions, and institutional constraints: Evidence from cross-country firm-level data

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 585-612
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Ha ◽  
To Trung Thanh ◽  
Doan Ngoc Thang ◽  
Pham Thi Hoang Anh
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Export Decisions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Cross Country
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