scholarly journals A multidisciplinary approach for the quantitative provenance analysis of siltstone: Mesozoic Mandawa Basin, southeastern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caracciolo ◽  
S. Andò ◽  
P. Vermeesch ◽  
E. Garzanti ◽  
R. McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Heavy Mineral Analysis

AbstractThis paper shows how heavy minerals and single-grain varietal studies can be conducted on silt (representing c. 50% of world's sediments) sediments to obtain quantitative data as efficiently as for sand-sized sediments. The analytical workflows include heavy mineral separation using a wide grain-size window (15–355 μ) analysed through integrated optical analysis, Raman spectroscopy, QEMSCAN microscopy and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon. Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous silt-sized sediments from the Mandawa Basin of central-southern Tanzania have been selected for the scope of this research. Raman-aided heavy mineral analysis reveals garnet and apatite to be the most common minerals together with durable zircon, tourmaline and subordinate rutile. Accessory but diagnostic phases are titanite, staurolite, epidote and monazite. Etch pits on garnet and cockscomb features on staurolite document the significant effect of diagenesis on the pristine heavy mineral assemblage. Multivariate statistical analysis highlights a close association among durable minerals (zircon, tourmaline and rutile, ZTR) while garnet and apatite plot alone reflecting independence between the three groups of variables with garnet increasing in Jurassic samples. Raman data for garnet end-member analysis document different associations between Jurassic (richer in A, Bi and Bii types) and Cretaceous (dominant A, Ci and Cii types) samples. U–Pb dating of detrital zircon and their statistical integration with the above-mentioned datasets provide further insights into changes in provenance and/or drainage systems. Metamorphic rocks of the early and late Pan-African orogeny terranes of the Mozambique Belt and those of the Irumide Belt acted as main source of sediment during the Jurassic. Cretaceous sediments record a broadening of the drainage system reaching as far as the Usagran–Ubendian Belt and the Tanzanian Archean Craton.

scholarly journals A Provenance Study of Upper Jurassic Hydrocarbon Source Rocks of the Flemish Pass Basin and Central Ridge, Offshore Newfoundland, Canada

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Matthew Scott ◽  
Paul J. Sylvester ◽  
Derek H. C. Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
Central Ridge ◽  
Depositional Age ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic ◽  
Heavy Mineral Analysis

A number of hydrocarbon discoveries have been made recently in the Flemish Pass Basin and Central Ridge, offshore Newfoundland, Canada, but there is only limited geological information available. The primary goal of this study was to determine the sedimentary provenance and paleodrainage patterns of mudstones and sandstones from the Upper Jurassic Rankin Formation, including the Upper and Lower Kimmeridgian Source Rock (organic-rich shale) members and Upper and Lower Tempest Sandstone Member reservoirs, in this area. A combination of heavy mineral analysis, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology was determined from cores and cuttings from four offshore wells in an attempt to decipher provenance. Detrital heavy minerals in 20 cuttings samples from the studied geologic units are dominated by either rutile + zircon + apatite ± chromite or rutile + apatite + tourmaline, with minor zircon, indicating diverse source lithologies. Whole rock Zr-Th-Sc trends suggest significant zircon recycling in both mudstones and sandstones. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages were determined in two mudstone and four sandstone samples from the four wells. Five major U-Pb age groups of grains were found: A Late Jurassic group that represents an unknown source of syn-sedimentary magmatism, a Permian–Carboniferous age group which is interpreted to be derived from Iberia, a Cambrian–Devonian group derived from the Central Mobile Belt of the Newfoundland–Ireland conjugate margin, and two older age groups (late Neoproterozoic and >1 Ga) linked to Avalonia. The Iberian detritus is abundant in the Central Ridge and southern Flemish Pass region and units containing sizable populations of these grains are interpreted to be derived from the east whereas units lacking this population are interpreted to be sourced from the northeast and possibly also the west. The Upper Tempest Sandstone contains Mesozoic zircons, which constrain the depositional age of this unit to be no older than Late Tithonian.

Multiproxy records on the fluvial successions of Assam-Arakan Basin: Implication for paleo-drainage evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Rai ◽  
Biraj Borgohain ◽  
George Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
River System ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Fluvial Sedimentation ◽  
Namche Barwa

<p>Assam-Arakan Basin comprises Cenozoic sedimentary successions, located in northeastern India is juxtaposed to both the Himalaya and Indo-Burman Ranges (IBR). The Upper Miocene-Pliocene (Tipam sandstone) and the overlying younger Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene units (Dupi-Tila/Namsang/Dihing) of this foreland basin are fluvial successions. Heavy mineral as detritus provenance indicator has been used as one of the multiproxy records on the fluvial sequences of Assam-Arakan Basin to unravel the drainage system that deposited the same in this basin. Previous workers have advocated that the paleo-Brahmaputra river had initially flowed east of Shillong Plateau before being deflected northwesterly taking the present-day course parallel to the Plateau. However, unequivocal evidence of paleo-Brahmaputra remains enigmatic. The study demonstrates the provenance for the fluvial sedimentary units of the above foreland basin using petrography and heavy mineral distributions. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) analyses were employed to correctly identify the heavy mineral species and support the semi-quantitative analysis of heavy minerals in the basin. The outcome of the study provides new insights towards the paleo-drainage evolution of the river course accountable for the fluvial sedimentation in the Assam-Arakan Basin. Clast petrography and heavy mineral observations indicate the probable source from Lohit- Dibang valley. Initial analysis of detrital zircon U-Pb ages from studied samples reveals major age peaks at around 500 Ma and 1025 Ma with young ages between 16 Ma and ~140 Ma. These samples do not provide ages < 10 Ma, signifying the sediments not derived from Namche Barwa massif, eroded by the Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra river system. It is in contrast to similar sediments in the Siwaliks of NE Himalaya. The data supports our observation that the paleo-Brahmaputra seems not the cause for these deposits, at least during the Pleistocene. If Paleo-Brahmaputra got diverted during this period, it requires scanning the detritus from Tipam units and additional samples from Dupi-Tila/Namsang/Dihing units across the entire Assam-Arakan range to infer source and drainage system for these deposits. We tentatively propose that the Tipam and the younger Dupi-Tila/Namsang/Dihing units in the Assam-Arakan Basin were deposited by drainage flowing from Dibang-Tezu valley, that was initially linked to the Irrawaddy river system. The uplift along Naga thrust caused drainage migration, eventually meeting the present-day Brahmaputra course.</p><p>Keywords: Heavy mineral; Detrital zircon U-Pb ages; Paleo-Brahmaputra; Assam-Arakan Basin</p>

Detrital zircon geochronology and heavy mineral analysis as complementary provenance tools in the presence of extensive weathering, reworking and recycling: the Neogene of the southern North Sea Basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jasper Verhaegen ◽  
Hilmar von Eynatten ◽  
István Dunkl ◽  
Gert Jan Weltje
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Detrital Zircon Geochronology ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
Variable Heavy ◽  
Mineral Data ◽  
Heavy Mineral Analysis

Abstract Heavy mineral analysis is a long-standing and valuable tool for sedimentary provenance analysis. Many studies have indicated that heavy mineral data can also be significantly affected by hydraulic sorting, weathering and reworking or recycling, leading to incomplete or erroneous provenance interpretations if they are used in isolation. By combining zircon U–Pb geochronology with heavy mineral data for the southern North Sea Basin, this study shows that the classic model of sediment mixing between a northern and a southern source throughout the Neogene is more complex. In contrast to the strongly variable heavy mineral composition, the zircon U–Pb age spectra are mostly constant for the studied samples. This provides a strong indication that most zircons had an initial similar northern source, yet the sediment has undergone intense chemical weathering on top of the Brabant Massif and Ardennes in the south. This weathered sediment was later recycled into the southern North Sea Basin through local rivers and the Meuse, leading to a weathered southern heavy mineral signature and a fresh northern heavy mineral signature, yet exhibiting a constant zircon U–Pb age signature. Thus, this study highlights the necessity of combining multiple provenance proxies to correctly account for weathering, reworking and recycling.

Analyse mineralogique des sediments arenaces de l'Oxfordien superieur, de l'Albien et d'une formation intermediare dans la region de Lisieux (Calvados)

1965 ◽  
Vol S7-VII (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
P. Juignet
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Heavy Mineral Analysis

Abstract A heavy mineral analysis of sands reveals differences between Sequanian (upper Jurassic) and Albian (lower Cretaceous) formations of the Lisieux area, France. The heavy mineral suite in the horizontal well-sorted Sequanian Glos sands shows a predominance of tourmaline, zircon, rutile, and brookite. The Albian green sands differ from the Glos sands by the presence of glauconite, oblique stratification, and poor sorting at the base. A thin sandy bed intermediate between the Albian and Sequanian shows heavy mineral affinities for the Albian suite.

scholarly journals Heavy-mineral analysis in Polish investigations of Quaternary deposits: a review

Geologos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Marcinkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Mycielska-Dowgiałło
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Mineral Research ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Heavy Mineral Analysis

Abstract The composition of heavy-mineral assemblages is one of the main textural features of sediments because they can have significant value for the interpretation of, among others, their depositional environment, their depositional processes, and their stratigraphic position. Distinctive features of heavy minerals include their resistance to chemical weathering and mechanical abrasion, their habit, and their density. These parameters are the most widely used in the heavy-mineral research of Quaternary deposits in Poland, as well as in such research in other countries conducted by Polish scientists. Several other heavy-mineral parameters can also be used in various types of interpretation. It is discussed whether heavy-mineral analysis is decisive in the evaluation of deposits or whether it plays mainly a role that may support evidence obtained by other types of analysis. The attention is mainly devoted to transparent heavy minerals; the significance of opaque heavy minerals for interpretational purposes is only mentioned.

scholarly journals The Use of Heavy Minerals in the Investigation of Barrier-Lagoon Coasts Development in Dapeng Peninsula, China

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Jing Feng ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Holocene Transgression ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Lagoon Sediments ◽  
Inland Rivers ◽  
Heavy Mineral Analysis

Typical barrier-lagoon systems are developed at Dongchong and Xichong on the southern coast of the Dapeng Peninsula of Guangdong, China. This paper studies the evolution of the barrier coasts of the peninsula, using the examples of the Dongchong and Xichong Bays. The Holocene stratigraphic records from borehole drilling on the coast of Dongchong and Xichong show that lagoon sediments are overlaid with beach deposits, indicating that the barriers migrated landward and climbed over the lagoon sediments when the shoreface retreated during the Holocene transgression, reaching the present positions after 7–8 ka BP. Heavy mineral analysis in this paper shows that: (1) the ancient beach sediments of the two bays have the same heavy mineral assemblages, which are different from those of modern beaches; (2) the present beaches of the two bays have different heavy mineral assemblages, even they are located less than 3000 m from each other on the same coast. This supports the hypothesis that the barriers originally came from the inner shelves during the Holocene transgression, but draws a new conclusion that the source of the beach sediments changed to inland rivers over the last thousand years because of a lack of sediment source from the sea floor.

The Correlation of pre-Cambrian Granites by means of Heavy Mineral Analyses

1935 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
J. T. Stark ◽  
F. F. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Sawatch Range ◽  
Heavy Mineral Analysis ◽  
Experimental Stage

The correlation of isolated outcrops of igneous rocks where two or more similar intrusions are exposed is a difficult problem which is not always solved by thin sections or field studies. Such a problem was encountered in mapping the closely related Pikes Peak and Silver Plume granites of pre-Cambrian age in the Sawatch Range of central Colorado (Fig. 1). A comparison of the heavy minerals of the isolated outcrops with those of known granites was undertaken; and for this purpose large samples, suitable for crushing and heavy mineral analysis, were collected from various points within the areas of each batholith, and from the small outcrops whose age was in question. It was hoped that sufficient similarities in the heavy mineral assemblages might be established to be of value in making correlations. Furthermore, as work on the heavy minerals in igneous rocks is still in the experimental stage, a series of analyses from various parts of a given batholith should throw some light on the question of whether heavy minerals may be distinct and constant enough to be characteristic and so give a reliable means of correlation of isolated exposures.

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