On the Impact of Rogue Base Stations in 4G/LTE Self Organizing Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Shaik ◽  
Ravishankar Borgaonkar ◽  
Shinjo Park ◽  
Jean-Pierre Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Base Stations ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Organizing Networks ◽  
Self Organizing

scholarly journals Benefits of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) for Mobile Operators

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Østerbø ◽  
Ole Grøndalen
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Configuration Optimization ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Self Organizing Networks ◽  
Self Organizing

Self-Organizing Networks (SON) is a collection of functions for automatic configuration, optimization, diagnostisation and healing of cellular networks. It is considered to be a necessity in future mobile networks and operations due to the increased cost pressure. The main drivers are essentially to reduce CAPEX and OPEX, which would otherwise increase dramatically due to increased number of network parameters that has to be monitored and set, the rapidly increasing numbers of base stations in the network and parallel operation of 2G, 3G and Evolved Packet Core (EPC) infrastructures. This paper presents evaluations on the use of some of the most important SON components. Mobile networks are getting more complex to configure, optimize and maintain. Many SON functions will give cost savings and performance benefits from the very beginning of a network deployment and these should be prioritized now. But even if many functions are already available and can give large benefits, the field is still in its infancy and more advanced functions are either not yet implemented or have immature implementations. It is therefore necessary to have a strategy for how and when different SON functions should be introduced in mobile networks.

Application of Fractal Methods to Ensure the Cyber-Resilience of Self-Organizing Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
D. V. Ivanov ◽  
D. A. Moskvin
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Self Organizing Networks ◽  
Self Organizing ◽  
Fractal Methods

In the article the approach and methods of ensuring the security of VANET-networks based on automated counteraction to information security threats through self-regulation of the network structure using the theory of fractal graphs is provided.

Analysing the Residential Market in Trójmiasto Using Self-Organizing Map

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgun Aydin ◽  
Krystian Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Residential Properties ◽  
Price Trends ◽  
Residential Market ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Organizing

Although the residential property market has strong connections with various sectors, such as construction, logistics, and investment, it works through different dynamics than do other markets; thus, it can be analysed from various perspectives. Researchers and investors are mostly interested in price trends, the impact of external factors on residential property prices, and price prediction. When analysing price trends, it is beneficial to consider multidimensional data that contain attributes of residential properties, such as number of rooms, number of bathrooms, floor number, total floors, and size, as well as proximity to public transport, shops, and banks. Knowing a neighbourhood's key aspects and properties could help investors, real estate development companies, and people looking to buy or rent properties to investigate similar neighbourhoods that may have unusual price trends. In this study, the self-organizing map method was applied to residential property listings in the Trójmiasto area of Poland, where the residential market has recently been quite active. The study aims to group together neighbourhoods and subregions to find similarities between them in terms of price trends and stock. Moreover, this study presents relationships between attributes of residential properties.

Analysis of the Effect of Tilting Antenna on the Coverage Area of ??the 4G LTE Network (Case Study of Trenggalek District)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Rizal Aji Istantowi
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Lte Network ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
4G Lte Networks

4G LTE networks in big cities are already well available. Meanwhile, on small to medium-sized cities, the 4G LTE network is not evenly distributed and maximized. This study chooses the variable tilting antenna to the coverage area, because in sending information from a base station using an antenna. The average RSRP value (dBm) of the existing base station in the calculation with a distance of 200 m is -122.90 dBm, a distance of 500 m is -136.79 dBm, and a distance of 1000 m -147.30 dBm. Meanwhile, in the simulation with a distance of 200 m of -108.22 dBm, a distance of 500 m of -121.81 dBm, and a distance of 1000 m of -132.69 dBm. The coverage area value of the existing base station in the calculation is 5.29%, while in the simulation it is 11.18%. The average RSRP value (dBm) at optimal conditions for calculations at a distance of 200 m is -80.13 dBm, at a distance of 500 m is -94.03 dBm and at a distance of 1000 m is -104.56 dBm. Meanwhile, the simulation at a distance of 200 m is -98.09 dBm, at a distance of 500 m is -112.79 dBm and at a distance of 1000 m is -123.31 dBm. The value of the coverage area for the calculation is 20.32%, while for the simulation it is 15.01%. The current need for base stations in Trenggalek District that has been met is 68%.

Network Throughput and Outage Analysis in a Poisson and Matérn Cluster based LTE-Advanced Small Cell Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydev Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Outage Probability ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Network Throughput ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Network Cell ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
The Impact

<div>In LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), the access network cell formation is an integrated form of outdoor unit and indoor unit. With the indoor unit extension the access network becomes heterogeneous (HetNet). HetNet is a straightforward way to provide quality of service (QoS) in terms better network coverage and high data rate. Although, due to uncoordinated, densely deployed small cells large interference may occur, particularly in case of operating small cells within the spectrum of macro base stations (MBS). This paper probes the impact of small cell on the outage probability and the average network throughput enhancement. The positions of the small cells are retained random and modelled with homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP) and Matérn Cluster process (MCP). The paper provides an analytic form which permits to compute the outage probability, including the mostly applied fast fading channel types. Furthermore, simulations are evaluated in order to calculate the average network throughput for both random processes. Simulation results highlights that the network throughput remarkably grows due to small cell deployment.</div>

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