Frequency-dependent I/Q imbalance and frequency-independent I/Q imbalance are the major impairments in wideband zero-IF receivers, and they both cannot be ignored. In this paper, a blind calibration model is designed for compensating these I/Q imbalances. In order to accurately estimate the imbalance parameters with low cost, a classification rule is proposed according to the frequency-domain statistical characteristics of the received signal. The calibration points in the frequency-domain are divided into two groups. Then, the amplitude imbalance and the frequency-dependent phase imbalance are derived from the group of signal points and, separately, the frequency-independent phase imbalance is calculated from the group of noise points. In the derivation of the frequency-dependent phase imbalance, a general fitting model suitable for all signal points is proposed, which does not require special calculations for either DC point or fs/2 point. Then, a finite impulse response (FIR) real-valued filter is designed to correct the impairments of received signal. The performances of the proposed calibration model are evaluated through both simulations and experiments. The simulation results show the image rejection ratio (IRR) improvement to around 35–45 dBc at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the mismatched data of the ADRV9009 evaluation board, the experimental results exhibit the IRR improvement of both multi-tone and wideband signals to about 30 dBc.
Enhanced Blind Calibration of Uniform Linear Arrays with One-Bit Quantization by Kullback-Leibler Divergence Covariance Fitting
