Nanostructuring of Iron Disulfide Cathode Materials for Enhanced Thermal Batteries

The current-voltage characteristics of thermal batteries with anodes based on lithium and its alloys, with cathodes made of iron or cobalt disulfides are presented. The electrolyte-melt is a thickened mixture of fluorides, lithium and potassium chlorides, pyrotechnic mixtures of iron, molybdenum, titanium nanopowders. It is shown that the use of a lithium-boron composite and a “thickened lithium” composite is promising as a material for anodes of high-energy thermal current sources, and for cathodes - a mixture based on synthetic iron disulfide.

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Increasing interfacial infiltration between cathode materials and solid molten salt for high power thermal batteries

Journal of Energy Storage ◽

10.1016/j.est.2021.103742 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 103742

Author(s):

Caiping Xu ◽

Chuanyu Jin ◽

Xin Gong ◽

Xiyue Wang ◽

Shuhan Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molten Salt ◽

High Power ◽

Cathode Materials ◽

Thermal Batteries

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Iron Disulfide Synthesis for Thermal Batteries Applications

Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management ◽

10.5028/jatm.etmq.81 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 50-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Evangelista Medeiros ◽

Francisco José Moura ◽

Rodrigo Fernandes Magalhães de Souza

Keyword(s):

Current Density ◽

High Current Density ◽

High Dispersion ◽

High Current ◽

Power Sources ◽

Iron Disulfide ◽

Thermal Batteries ◽

Single Discharge ◽

Emergency Systems ◽

Charge Discharge

The necessity for ever more efficient and compact power sources drives the development of more durable and more power-intensive sources. Electrochemical sources include primary batteries that support a single discharge cycle and secondary batteries that support a defined number of charge-discharge cycles. Such sources should be suitable for the intended application, such as emergency systems, military and aerospace apparatus, where they must have long shelf life, high current density and reliability. Thermal batteries work with LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte anodes and FeS2 cathodes. A pyrometallurgical synthesis route was studied for roasting reaction between Fe2O3 and vaporized sulfur to obtain FeS2. The results obtained showed a conversion close to 90% and a high dispersion of agglomerates sizes, which disaggregated generate particles suitable for cathode manufacturing.

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Monitoring of FES2 reactions using high-temperature XRD coupled with gas chromatography

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1017/s0885715619000320 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 90-96

Author(s):

K.-A. M. Stirrup ◽

M. A. Rodriguez ◽

E. N. Coker ◽

J. J. M. Griego ◽

T. M. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

High Temperature ◽

Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Iron Disulfide ◽

Thermal Batteries ◽

High Temperature Xrd

High-temperature X-ray diffraction with concurrent gas chromatography (GC) was employed in the study of iron disulfide (FeS2) cathode pellets disassembled from thermal batteries. When FeS2 cathode materials were analyzed in an air environment, reaction of the KCl and LiCl salt phases led to the formation of Li2(SO4) and KFe2S3 phases beginning at ~230 °C. These phases subsequently reacted to generate various forms of potassium iron sulfates in the 280–500 °C range, with the final products resulting in a β-Fe2O3 phase and K2(SO4). Independent simultaneous thermal analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) augmented the diffraction results and supported the overall picture of FeS2 decomposition. Both gas analysis measurements (i.e. GC and MS) from the independent experiments confirmed the formation of SO2 off-gas species during the breakdown of the FeS2. In contrast, characterization of the same cathode material under inert conditions showed the persistence of the initial FeS2 phase throughout the entire temperature range of analysis.

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