Bottlenecks to Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion-Insertion Cells for Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Ion Insertion

Preventing lithium plating under extremes: an untold tale of two electrodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Bohinsky ◽  
Sobana P. Rangarajan ◽  
Yevgen Barsukov ◽  
Partha Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Range Anxiety

Fast charging of lithium-ion cells is key to alleviate range anxiety and improve the commercial viability of electric vehicles, which is, however, limited by the propensity of lithium plating. The...

scholarly journals Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (28) ◽  
pp. 7266-7271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Yang ◽  
Guangsheng Zhang ◽  
Shanhai Ge ◽  
Chao-Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Battery Materials ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Conventional Cell

Fast charging is a key enabler of mainstream adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). None of today’s EVs can withstand fast charging in cold or even cool temperatures due to the risk of lithium plating. Efforts to enable fast charging are hampered by the trade-off nature of a lithium-ion battery: Improving low-temperature fast charging capability usually comes with sacrificing cell durability. Here, we present a controllable cell structure to break this trade-off and enable lithium plating-free (LPF) fast charging. Further, the LPF cell gives rise to a unified charging practice independent of ambient temperature, offering a platform for the development of battery materials without temperature restrictions. We demonstrate a 9.5 Ah 170 Wh/kg LPF cell that can be charged to 80% state of charge in 15 min even at −50 °C (beyond cell operation limit). Further, the LPF cell sustains 4,500 cycles of 3.5-C charging in 0 °C with <20% capacity loss, which is a 90× boost of life compared with a baseline conventional cell, and equivalent to >12 y and >280,000 miles of EV lifetime under this extreme usage condition, i.e., 3.5-C or 15-min fast charging at freezing temperatures.

scholarly journals Challenges of Fast Charging for Electric Vehicles and the Role of Red Phosphorus as Anode Material: Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Zonghai Chen ◽  
Xiangming He
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Range Anxiety

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being endorsed as the uppermost successor to fuel-powered cars, with timetables for banning the sale of petrol-fueled vehicles announced in many countries. However, the range and charging times of EVs are still considerable concerns. Fast charging could be a solution to consumers' range anxiety and the acceptance of EVs. Nevertheless, it is a complicated and systematized challenge to realize the fast charging of EVs because it includes the coordinated development of battery cells, including electrode materials, EV battery power systems, charging piles, electric grids, etc. This paper aims to serve as an analysis for the development of fast-charging technology, with a discussion of the current situation, constraints and development direction of EV fast-charging technologies from the macroscale and microscale perspectives of fast-charging challenges. It is emphasized that to essentially solve the problem of fast charging, the development of new battery materials, especially anode materials with improved lithium ion diffusion coefficients, is the key. It is highlighted that red phosphorus is the most promising anode that can simultaneously satisfy the double standards of high-energy density and fast-charging performance to a maximum degree.

Electrolyte Modulators towards Polarization Immune Lithium-Ion Batteries for Sustainable Electric Transportation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Li ◽  
Pengcheng Xu ◽  
Yue Tian ◽  
Alexis Fortini ◽  
Seungho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Driving Range

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EV) are subject to fast charging, dynamic acceleration, and regenerative braking. However, the polarization arises from these high-rate operations and tends to deteriorate the battery performance and therefore the driving range and lifespan of EVs. Using metal organic frameworks (MOF) as electrolyte modulators (MEM), we report herein a facile strategy for effective mitigation of polarization, where the MEM can confine anions and enrich electrolyte, affording boosted lithium-ion transference number (up to 0.76) and high ionic conductivity (up to 9 mS cm−1). In addition, such MEM could implant itself into electrolyte interface, conferring the interface with low-resistance and ability to suppress concentration polarization. As a result, commercial cells with MEM deliver remarkably enhanced power output, energy efficiency, and lifespan during high rate (2C, > 3000 cycles) as well as dynamic stress tests (tripled cycle life) that mimic realistic operation of EV. This work introduces a readily implementable approach towards optimizing ion transport in electrolyte and developing polarization immune battery for power-intensive applications.

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