Effect of long-term parenteral feeding on gastric secretion in dogs.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. E39
Author(s):  
P J Thor ◽  
E M Copeland ◽  
S J Dudrick ◽  
L R Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Parenteral Feeding ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Intravenous Alimentation ◽  
Oral Diet

Three dogs were surgically prepared with gastric fistulas and Heidenhain (vagally denervated) pouches. Acid and pepsin responses to pentagastrin and food were determined before, at the end of a 1-mo period of total parenteral feeding, and 1 mo after the resumption of a normal oral diet. Acid and pepsin output from the denervated pouch in response to pentagastrin and food decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) after parenteral feeding and returned to control levels after the dogs resumed a normal diet. Secretory outputs from the gastric fistula in response to pentagastrin remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Basal serum gastrin levels decreased 50% during the period of intravenous feeding and returned to levels approximately twice the control levels following resumption of normal oral food intake. Serum gastrin responses to a meal also decreased during intravenous alimentation and returned to higher than normal levels following a 1-mo period of oral intake. These studies indicate that the absence of oral food intake in the dog does not result in decreased acid secretion from the innervated stomach. Vagal innervation in some way is responsible for the preservation of normal secretion during the absence of food from the gastrointestinal tract of the dog.

scholarly journals Assessment of Postoperative Symptoms After Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy for Stage I Gastric Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Kawamura ◽  
Norihiko Takahashi ◽  
Shigenori Homma ◽  
Nozomi Minagawa ◽  
Susumu Shibasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Distal Gastrectomy ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Open Distal Gastrectomy ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Postoperative Symptoms ◽  
Stage Ia

Abstract Laparoscopic gastrectomy has the advantage of early recovery at the initial phase after surgery. However, there are only few reports of mid- or long-term observations of patients' quality of life. In all, 254 Stage IA or IB [laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG): 177, open distal gastrectomy (ODG): 77] patients were enrolled. Heart burn, diarrhea, abdominal pain, amount of food intake, and body weight of each patient were investigated at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Recovery of the amount of oral intake for the LADG group occurred earlier than for the ODG group; significant differences were seen at months 1 and 6 postoperatively. A significantly lower incidence of diarrhea was observed in the LADG group at months 6 and 12 postoperatively. Early recovery of the amount of food intake and fewer incidences of diarrhea were shown to have mid-term merits for postgastrectomy symptoms.

The rôle of the gastrointestinal tract in the control of voluntary food intake

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Rayner ◽  
P. C. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Stomach Volume ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractThe short-term regulation of intake is thought to be achieved at least in part by signals from the gastrointestinal tract. Infusions of glucose, protein hydrolysate or emulsified fat into the stomach, and of glucose or protein hydrolysate into the duodenum, jejunum or ileum caused pigs to reduce their intake to compensate approximately for the energy infused, probably through the regulation of gastric emptying. Protein or protein hydrolysate infusions also caused a long-term inhibition of intake for 30 h by up to three times the energy infused. During feeding gastric emptying occurred at a constant rate of calories, the rate increasing linearly with body weight; duodenal infusion of glucose slowed gastric emptying to compensate for the infused energy and satiety occurred at a reduced food intake but at the same stomach volume. Duodenal infusion of emulsified fat caused a greater than caloric inhibition of intake, which was blocked by the cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist L-364,718 and appeared to be mediated through a mono-glyceride-induced CCK release. Emulsified fat infused into the duodenum slowed gastric emptying by more than the energy infused and the gastric volume at satiety was decreased suggesting that the effects of fats on intake are possibly independent of gastric emptying. Since L-364,718 did not increase intake on a normal diet (186 g protein, 20 g fat per kg), CCK may only contribute to satiety in pigs eating high-fat diets.

Differential effects of intravenous glucose, amino acids, and lipid on daily food intake in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. R225-R234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Walls ◽  
H. S. Koopmans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Oral Diet

Three types of nutrient were infused intravenously for 30 min before and during the 17 h when rats were fed to assess the effects of these nutrients on short-term and daily food intake. Infusions of glucose (34 kcal/day for 4 days) reduced food intake from saline baseline levels by 18.8 +/- 1.9 kcal/day. This represents an oral intake reduction equivalent to 55% of each calorie infused. When amino acids were delivered intravenously at 10 and then 20 kcal/day for 4 days, food intake was reduced by 11.9 +/- 1.4 and 20.4 +/- 2.4 kcal/day, which represent oral intake reductions of 112 and 103% of infused calories, respectively. Food intake was reduced 8.2 +/- 0.5 and 16.6 +/- 1.4 kcal/day (or 41 and 42% of calories infused), when a lipid emulsion was delivered at 20 or 40 kcal/day for 6 days, respectively. A combination of all three nutrients (i.v. diet composed of 50% glucose, 13% amino acids, and 37% lipid by calories) identical to the nutrient composition of the oral diet was infused at 20 and then 40 kcal/day for 6 days. Food intakes were reduced by 14.8 +/- 2.0 and 32.3 +/- 3.3 kcal/day, representing 74 and 80% of infused calories. Recovery of food intake to previous saline baseline levels was rapid and complete after the glucose and amino acid infusions but was delayed and incomplete after the lipid and intravenous diet conditions. These results indicate that infused amino acids or a balanced intravenous diet is more effective than glucose or fats in inhibiting daily food intake.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency and resistance to infection The effect of caloric and protein deficiency on the susceptibility of rats and mice to infection with Salmonella typhi murium

1947 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Guggenheim ◽  
Edith Buechler
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Rats And Mice

1. The effect of either or both caloric and protein deficiency on the susceptibility of rats and mice to peroral infection with Salmonella typhi murium was studied.2. Moderate restriction of food intake (80% of normal diet) for a period of 5 weeks was without influence on the infection susceptibility of rats, even when the diet fed was low in protein.3. Long-term restriction of food intake (10 weeks) led to a marked lowering of the resistance of rats to the infection, there being a direct relation between the magnitude of the intake restriction and the extent of the resulting loss of resistance.4. The infection resistance of rats was lowered more markedly by a given total restriction of food intake, when the latter was imposed in the form of a gradually reduced ration, than when it was imposed in a uniformly restricted ration. The effect so produced was independent of the protein content of the diet.5. The effect of gradual food restriction was diminished by gradual supplementation of the diet with non-proteins and was augmented by gradual supplementation of the same diet with protein.6. In mice kept on a restricted diet loss of resistance to S. typhi murium has been shown to be due to a deficiency of both calories and protein.

Provincial Differences in Long-Term Care Menu Variety and Food Intake for Residents who Consume a Regular Texture

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christine Lagacé ◽  
Natalie Carrier ◽  
Lita Villalon ◽  
Christina Lengyel ◽  
Susan Slaughter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Regular Texture

scholarly journals Dysphagia in Perry Syndrome: Pharyngeal Pressure in Two Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Umemoto ◽  
Yoshio Tsuboi ◽  
Hirokazu Furuya ◽  
Takayasu Mishima ◽  
Shinsuke Fujioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Pharyngeal Pressure ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
The Impact

Background: To investigate the impact of dysphagia in Perry syndrome (PS), an autosomal dominant parkinsonism caused by mutation of DCTN1, which is associated with hypoventilation, depression, and weight loss. Case Presentation: We used tongue pressure measurements and manofluorography to investigate swallowing function in 2 patients with PS. Case 1, a 60-year-old male showing parkinsonism, and case 2, a 49-year-old male admitted with pneumonia, were diagnosed as having PS based on the DCTN1 gene analysis. Case 1 showed a pharyngeal retention of the bolus on videofluorography (VF) and a few swallows were required for its passage into the esophagus. However, tongue pressure and manometry were within the normal range. This patient could eat a normal diet under supervision. Case 2 required artificial ventilation and tube feeding on admission. The VF image showed a slow transfer of the bolus, delayed swallow reflex, and pharyngeal retention of the bolus that required several swallows for its passage into the esophagus. The tongue pressure was within the normal range, but manometry showed a significant decrease in pressure at the hypopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter. The oral intake of the patients was limited to 2 cups of jelly per day. Conclusions: The investigation of swallowing dysfunction of 2 cases of PS showed that maintaining pharyngeal pressure within the normal range was very important for oral feeding success and prognosis.

High Fat Diet Mediates Amyloid-β Cleaving Enzyme 1 Phosphorylation and SUMOylation, Enhancing Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jian Bao ◽  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Xiaokang Gong ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Yifan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Augmented Learning ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults and extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the two characterized pathologies of AD. Obesity is significantly associated with AD developing factors. Several studies have reported that high fat diet (HFD) influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of HFD influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. Methods: 2.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were randomly separated into two groups: 1) the normal diet (ND) group, fed a standard diet (10 kcal%fat); and 2) the HFD group, fed a high fat diet (40 kcal%fat, D12492; Research Diets). After 4 months of HFD or ND feeding, mice in the two groups were subjected for further ethological, morphological, and biochemical analyses. Results: A long-term HFD diet significantly increased perirenal fat and impaired dendritic integrity and aggravated neurodegeneration, and augmented learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, the HFD increased beta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) dephosphorylation and SUMOylation, resulting in enhanced enzyme activity and stability, which exacerbated the deposition of amyloid plaques. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that long-term HFD consumption aggravates amyloid-β accumulation and cognitive impairments, and that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as obesity, can induce BACE1 post-modifications which may contribute to AD pathogenesis.

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