Effect of burn trauma on glucose turnover, oxidation, and recycling in guinea pigs.

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. E80
Author(s):  
R R Wolfe ◽  
J F Burke
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Burn Trauma ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Low Rate

The simultaneous primed-constant infusion of [6-3H]- and [U-14C]glucose was used to determine the effect of burn injury on glucose turnover, oxidation, and recycling in guinea pigs. Eleven burned animals survived more than 72 h (survivors), whereas five died between 60 and 72 h postburn. All of the controls (n = 9) survived more than 72 h. At 48 h postburn, glucose turnover in the burned survivors was elevated 40% above that in control animals. A greater portion of the burned survivors' turnover was due to recycling and less was directed towards oxidation. The nonsurvivors had both a significantly depressed rate of appearance of glucose and an increased glucose clearance rate. Consequently, they were profoundly hypoglycemic and had a low rate of glucose oxidation. The alterations in glucose kinetics and oxidation apparent after burn did not reflect an inability of burned animals to oxidize exogenously infused glucose, however, because of 2-h infusion of 55 mumol/kg-min of unlabeled glucose doubled glucose oxidation in the burned survivors and tripled it in the nonsurvivors.

Effects of adrenergic blockade on glucose kinetics in septic and burned guinea pigs

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R222-R227
Author(s):  
M. J. Durkot ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Glucoregulatory Hormones ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker ◽  
Septic Group

We have used the primed-constant infusion of [6-3H]glucose to study the effects of phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, on glucose production and clearance in gastrostomy-fed control, septic (repeated sub-Q Escherichia coli injections), and burned (25-30% BSA) guinea pigs. Hypermetabolism and elevated glucoregulatory hormones were evident in both traumatized models, whereas their glucose kinetic response was different. Basal glucose production and clearance were elevated in the burned group and were depressed in the septic group when compared to control values. Propranolol caused a further increase in glucose production and clearance in the burned group, whereas it depressed glucose production and clearance to an even greater extent in the septic group. Phentolamine also produced an increase in glucose production and clearance in the burned group. In the septic group, phentolamine had no significant effect on glucose production, but clearance was significantly elevated. Thus, although alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockade normalized metabolic rate in both groups with respect to control animals, glucose kinetics remained different despite similar changes in counterregulatory hormones.

scholarly journals Development of insulin-sensitivity at weaning in the rat. Role of the nutritional transition

1988 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Issad ◽  
C Coupé ◽  
M Pastor-Anglada ◽  
P Ferré ◽  
J Girard
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Glucose Clearance

This study was undertaken to determine the factors involved in the development of insulin-sensitivity at weaning. Glucose kinetics were studied in suckling rats and in rats weaned on to a high-carbohydrate (HC) or a high-fat (HF) diet, in the basal state and during euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic-clamp studies. These studies were coupled with the 2-deoxyglucose technique, allowing a measure of glucose utilization by individual tissues. In the basal state, the glycaemia was higher in HF-weaned rats (124 +/- 4 mg/dl) than in suckling (109 +/- 1 mg/dl) and HC-weaned rats (101 +/- 3 mg/dl). Glucose turnover rates were similar in the three groups of animals (14 mg/min per kg). Nevertheless, basal metabolic glucose clearance rate was 20% lower in HF-weaned rats than in the other groups. During the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic experiments, hepatic glucose production was suppressed by 90% in HC-weaned rats, whereas it remained at 40% of basal value in suckling and HF-weaned rats, indicating an insulin resistance of liver of these animals. Glucose clearance rate during the clamp was 18.3 +/- 0.9 ml/min per kg in suckling rats, whereas it was 35.3 +/- 1.2 ml/min per kg in HC-weaned rats and 27.8 +/- 1.1 ml/min per kg in HF-weaned rats, indicating an insulin resistance of glucose utilization in suckling, and to a lower extent, in HF-weaned rats. The deoxyglucose technique showed that peripheral insulin resistance was localized in muscles and white adipose tissue of suckling and HF-weaned rats. These results indicate that the switch from milk to a HC diet is an important determinant of the development of insulin-sensitivity at weaning in the rat.

Acute hypoxia reduces exogenous glucose oxidation, glucose turnover, and metabolic clearance rate during steady-state aerobic exercise

Metabolism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 154030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee M. Margolis ◽  
Marques A. Wilson ◽  
Claire C. Whitney ◽  
Christopher T. Carrigan ◽  
Nancy E. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Exogenous Glucose

Glucose and lactate kinetics after endotoxin administration in dogs.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. E180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Wolfe ◽  
D Elahi ◽  
J J Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Metabolic Substrate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactate Kinetics ◽  
Plasma Lactate Concentration

We studied the effects of E. coli endotoxin on the glucose and lactate kinetics in dogs by means of the primed constant infusion of [6(-3)H] glucose and Na-L-(+)-[U-14C] lactate. The infusion of endotoxin induced a transient hyperglycemic level, followed by a steady fall in plasma glucose to hypoglycemic levels. The rate of appearance (Ra) and the rate of disappearance (Rd) of glucose were both significantly elevated (P less than .05) for 150 min after endotoxin, after which neither differed from the preinfusion value. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose was significantly elevated at all times 30 min postendotoxin. By 30 min postendotoxin, Ra and Rd of lactate, plasma lactate concentration, and the percent of glucose turnover originating from lactate were significantly elevated and remained so for the duration of the experiment. We concluded that after endotoxin hypoglycemia developed because of an enhanced peripheral uptake of glucose and a failure of the liver to maintain an increased Ra of glucose. We also concluded that lactate became an important precursor for gluconeogenesis and an important metabolic substrate.

Use of [3-3H]glucose and [6-14C]glucose to measure glucose turnover and glucose metabolism in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. E17-E22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katz ◽  
M. Homan ◽  
P. Butler ◽  
R. Rizza
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
Total Glucose

[3-3H]glucose is frequently used to measure glucose turnover in humans. If fructose 6-phosphate-fructose 1,6-diphosphate cycling (Fpc) is negligible in both liver and muscle, then [3-3H]- and [6-14C]glucose (corrected for Cori cycle activity) should provide equivalent measures of glucose turnover. In addition, if glycogenolysis is fully suppressed, then [14C]lactate specific activity should equal that of [6-14C]glucose from which it was derived, and oxidation of [6-14C]glucose, as measured by rate of generation of 14CO2, should equal total glucose oxidation (i.e., that derived from intra- and extracellular pools) as measured by indirect calorimetry. To address these questions, glucose turnover was measured simultaneously with [3-3H]- and [6-14C]glucose in the basal state and in presence of low (approximately 200 pM) and high (approximately 750 pM) insulin concentrations. Glucose turnover rates measured with [3-3H]- and [6-14C]glucose were equivalent at all insulin concentrations, indicating that Fpc had no detectable effect on measurement of glucose appearance. [14C]lactate specific activity was lower (P less than 0.01) than that of [6-14C]glucose in the basal state but not during either low- or high-dose insulin infusion, implying that all lactate was derived from extracellular glucose. On the other hand, glucose oxidation as measured by rate of generation of 14CO2 was lower (P less than 0.05) than glucose oxidation as measured by indirect calorimetry during both insulin infusions, implying either that suppression of glycogenolysis was not complete in all tissues or that one or both of these techniques do not accurately measure glucose oxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Kinetic analysis of thyroid hormone action on glucose metabolism in man

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Müller ◽  
CA Reynard ◽  
AG Burger ◽  
G Toffolo ◽  
C Cobelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Hormone Action ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Action ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Endogenous Glucose ◽  
Plasma Triiodothyronine

Müller MJ, Reynard CA, Burger AG, Toffolo G, Cobelli C, Ferrannini E. Kinetic analysis of thyroid hormone action on glucose metabolism in man. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:413–18. ISSN 0804–4643 Thyroid hormone action on insulin's effect on glucose kinetics was investigated with the use of a physiological three compartment model. In six healthy volunteers before and after 14 days of thyroxine treatment (300 μg/day), a bolus of [3-H3]glucose was injected and the time course of plasma radioactivity was followed closely for 150 min. Then a hyperinsulinemic (1 mU · min−1 · kg−1) and euglycemic clamp was started, and euglycemia was maintained for another 250 min. A second bolus of the tracer was then given at 240 min, and the plasma radioactivity was followed for 160 min. Insulin stimulated basal plasma glucose clearance fourfold (p < 0.001) and completely suppressed basal hepatic glucose production (p < 0.001). Concomitantly, the total distribution volume of glucose was increased by 19% (p < 0.05); this change was accompanied by about 50% expansion of the slowly exchanging glucose pool (putatively representing the insulin-dependent compartment). Thyroxine treatment increased plasma triiodothyronine by about 20% (0.1 > p > 0.05) but did not affect basal glucose turnover, insulin-stimulated plasma glucose clearance or the insulin-induced suppression of endogenous glucose output. However, thyroxine treatment blunted the insulin-induced increases in total distribution volume and the slowly exchanging pool of glucose (p = NS vs the basal state). We conclude that minor changes in plasma triiodothyronine (such as occur during overfeeding) do not interfere with the ability of insulin to stimulate the rate of disappearance of glucose or suppress endogenous glucose release; however, our data suggest that they induce finer changes in glucose kinetics, possibly reflecting acceleration or intracellular glucose degradation. Manfred J Müller, Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany

Production rate, metabolic clearance rate and blood concentration of progesterone in conscious and anaesthetized pregnant rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Waddell ◽  
N. W. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats

ABSTRACT Both production rate and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of progesterone may vary rapidly and so effect short-term changes in blood concentration of the hormone. Here, a constant infusion and sampling technique was used to estimate these three characteristics of progesterone metabolism in seven conscious and ten anaesthetized rats on day 16 of pregnancy. After steady state was achieved, four samples were collected during a 1-h period from each rat. Mean values for production rate and MCR of progesterone in conscious rats were 14·0 ±1·4 μmol/day and 63·2 ± 6·2 litres/day respectively. Both values were substantially reduced in anaesthetized rats (8.6 ±0·8 μmol/ day and 39·4± 3·4 litres/day respectively) and so blood concentration was unchanged. The production rate was positively related to the total mass of luteal tissue (common correlation coefficient, r = 0·61, P <0·05). There were no consistent changes in the three characteristics with time but variation within rats was high. The estimated coefficients of variation for production rate, MCR and blood concentration within rats were 26, 18 and 17% in conscious and 27, 20 and 23% in anaesthetized rats respectively. Short-term changes in production rate and MCR generally were in the same direction (P <0·05). This reduced variation in blood concentration which would otherwise have occurred if production rate and MCR were unrelated. The pregnant rat is clearly capable of rapid shifts in production rate, MCR and blood concentration of progesterone and the positive relationship between production rate and MCR has a homeostatic effect on blood concentration. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 357–363

Quantitative aspects of glucose metabolism in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Glucose ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Pool Sizes

Labeled glucose was infused into four groups of ewes: nonpregnant fed; nonpregnant fasted; twin-pregnant fed; and twin-pregnant hypoglycemic and ketonemic. Mean glucose pool sizes were 157 and 127 mg/kg in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes, respectively, with decreased values in both fasting and hypoglycemia. Nonpregnant animals had glucose turnover rates averaging 4.0 g/hr (0.22 g/hr·kg3/4) when fed and only 2.7 g/hr (0.15 g/hr·kg3/4) after fasting. These values were only 60–80% of that of pregnant sheep, implying that glucose utilization due to twin-pregnancy was 20–40% of the total. The mean glucose space was about 27% of the body weight, indicating predominantly extracellular distribution of glucose even in hypoglycemia. In all animals about 8–10% of the exhaled CO2 was found to be derived from glucose oxidation and about one-third of the total glucose turnover was used for CO2 production. Comparisons of these data to values obtained from other mammals indicated further that there is a lower rate of glucose oxidation and metabolism in ruminants.

Truncal vagotomy does not affect postabsorptive glucose metabolism in humans

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Corssmit ◽  
J. J. Van Lanschot ◽  
J. A. Romijn ◽  
E. Endert ◽  
H. P. Sauerwein
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Truncal Vagotomy ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucoregulatory Hormones

To evaluate the effects of hepatic vagal denervation on the adaptation of glucose metabolism to short-term starvation (i.e., < 24 h), glucose metabolism was studied after 16 and again after 22 h of fasting in postsurgical patients with truncal vagotomy (n = 9; radical resection of esophageal carcinoma) and without truncal vagotomy (n = 5; partial resection of the large bowel for carcinoma). Glucose metabolism was studied 3–7.5 mo postoperatively by [3–3H]glucose turnover and by indirect calorimetry. Basal glucose production, plasma glucose concentration, glucose oxidation, serum free fatty acid concentration, and fat oxidation were not different between groups; neither were plasma concentrations of glucoregulatory hormones. The adaptation to prolongation of the fast by 6 h was not different for any of these parameters between both groups. In conclusion, truncal vagotomy does not affect the adaptation of glucose metabolism to the postabsorptive state (16–22 h of fasting).

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