Xenometabolite signatures in the UC Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model revealed using a metabolomics platform enriched with microbe-derived metabolites

We debut a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) platform called the XenoScan, which is a metabolomics platform for xenometabolites (nonself-originating metabolites). This assay has 190 in-house standards with the majority enriched for microbe-derived metabolites. As a proof-of-principle, we used the XenoScan to discriminate genetic differences from cecal samples associated with different rat lineages, in addition to characterizing diabetes progression in rat model of type 2 diabetes. Complementing microbial sequencing data with xenometabolites uncovered novel microbial metabolism in targeted organisms.

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Assessment of the amino acid profile in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihaa083 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Natthida Sriboonvorakul ◽

Wirichada Pan-Ngum ◽

Kittiyod Poovorawan ◽

Markus Winterberg ◽

Joel Tarning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem. Early identification of those at risk is necessary to prevent its onset through lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions. T2DM is characterized by metabolic abnormalities, including protein metabolism. Evaluation of the amino acid profile might be beneficial for early assessment. Methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to separate and quantify plasma amino acids from two groups of Thai individuals, patients with T2DM (n=103) and healthy individuals (n=104). Multivariate analysis was applied to compare free amino acid levels between groups. Subgroup analyses of patients with T2DM were performed to assess the association between amino acid profiles and important T2DM clinical characteristics. Results The multivariate analysis showed that glutamic acid was significantly associated with T2DM (OR 1.113, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.231) and results from the subgroup analyses showed that this correlation was significant in all subgroups of patients (p<0.05). Conclusions This finding needs to be confirmed in larger groups of patients with T2DM to explore glutamic acid as a biomarker for early prevention in particular at-risk groups. An in-depth understanding of the involvement of glutamic acid in T2DM could enhance our understanding of the disease and potentially provide novel interventions.

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Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in urinary of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the treatment of sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Biomedical Chromatography ◽

10.1002/bmc.3247 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Taoguang Huo ◽

Zhili Xiong ◽

Xiumei Lu ◽

Shuang Cai

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Biochemical Changes ◽

Antidiabetic Drugs ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

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Role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in heart and liver-related complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060521997590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 030006052199759

Author(s):

Jiajia Tian ◽

Yanyan Zhao ◽

Lingling Wang ◽

Lin Li

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Rat Model ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Primary Response ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

Aims To analyze expression of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in the heart and liver in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our overall goal was to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FINS) in a rat model of T2DM. Expression of members of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway as well as downstream cytokines was investigated. Levels of mRNA and protein were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Protein content of tissue homogenates was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Diabetic rats had lower body weights, higher FBG, higher FINS, and higher intraperitoneal glucose tolerance than normal rats. In addition, biochemical indicators related to heart and liver function were elevated in diabetic rats compared with normal rats. TLR4 and MyD88 were involved in the occurrence of T2DM as well as T2DM-related heart and liver complications. TLR4 caused T2DM-related heart and liver complications through activation of NF-κB. Conclusions TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leading to the heart- and liver-related complications of T2DM.

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