Giant migrating contractions of the canine cecum

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. G595-G601 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna ◽  
K. R. Prasad ◽  
I. M. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated cecal motor activity and its coordination with ileal and colonic motor activities in five conscious dogs instrumented with strain-gauge transducers. Both ileum and colon exhibited the usual migrating motor complexes (MMCs) that were independent of each other. Cecum had no motor complexes, but it periodically generated giant migrating contractions (GMCs) that originated at the apex and migrated to the cecum-colonic junction at a velocity of 13 +/- 1.3 cm/min. The amplitude of cecal GMCs was 1.82 +/- 0.26 and 3.37 +/- 0.39 times larger than that of contractions during ileal and colonic motor complexes, respectively (P less than 0.05). The mean duration and period of cecal GMCs were 45 +/- 4 s and 61.4 +/- 14.2 min, respectively, in the fasted state and 49 +/- 6 s and 68.5 +/- 13.5 min in the fed state, respectively (P less than 0.05). A total of 82 cecal GMCs was recorded in 71 h of fasted recording and 94 in 121 h of fed recording. Cecal GMCs were not coordinated with colonic MMCs. Intravenous motilin, but not morphine, initiated a premature cecal GMC. We concluded that cecum has a unique motor activity that is different from that of the colon and the ileum. The strong caudad GMCs of the cecum may periodically empty cecal contents into the colon.

Effects of physical exercise on colonic motor activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (4) ◽  
pp. G646-G652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dapoigny ◽  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity

We investigated the effect of physical exercise on colonic motor activity in the fasted and fed states in six conscious dogs. Each dog was implanted with nine strain gauge transducers: three on the proximal, three on the middle, and three on the distal colon. The dogs ran for 1 h on a treadmill at 5 km/h (slope 5%). In the fasted state, the dogs exercised during the 5th h of recording after an overnight fast, and in the fed state during the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postprandial hour. In the fasted state, exercise significantly decreased the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes (MMCs) but had no effect on the total or the mean duration of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. Postprandially, exercise disrupted colonic MMCs and replaced them with nonmigrating motor complexes in all three periods of exercise (1st, 3rd, and 6th h). Exercise also increased the total duration per hour of contractile activity throughout the colon during the 1st and 3rd h and only in the distal colon during the 6th h after the meal. The dogs never defecated during rest in the fasted or the fed state. Shortly after the start of exercise in the fasted and fed states, giant migrating contractions (GMCs) occurred, and they were followed by defecation. In approximately 40% of the experiments, another GMC originated in the proximal colon, approximately 10 min after the first defecation, and migrated caudad up to the middle colon. These GMCs were not associated with defecation but caused mass movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of fluid perfusion and cleansing on canine colonic motor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. G62-G68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the effect of absorbable and nonabsorbable fluid perfusion and cleansing on colonic motor activity in eight intact conscious dogs. Each dog was instrumented with an indwelling catheter in the proximal colon and seven strain gauge transducers on the entire colon. After an overnight fast, a control recording was made for 3 h, followed by 3 h of perfusion and 3 additional h of postperfusion recording. Next day, a 3-h recording was made when the colon was empty. The colon exhibited normal migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in the control uncleansed state. The perfusion of absorbable electrolyte or nonabsorbable Colyte solution immediately disrupted the migrating motor complexes and replaced them with almost continuous but irregular contractions at all recording sites. Both solutions significantly prolonged the mean and total duration per hour of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. The dogs began to leak fluid stools in squirts approximately 40-80 min after the start of perfusion. This type of incontinence was not associated with any specific type of motor activity. Infrequently, giant migrating contractions occurred during perfusion and caused explosive diarrhea. The migrating motor complexes remained disrupted during the 3-h postperfusion period. However, on the next day, the empty colon exhibited normal migrating motor complexes. The frequency of giant migrating contractions during perfusion and in the empty colon was significantly greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. The total duration per hour of colonic motor activity in the empty colon was also greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. We conclude that excessive fluid in the colon significantly alters its motor pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of fractionated doses of ionizing radiation on colonic motor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. G518-G526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Otterson ◽  
S. K. Sarna ◽  
S. C. Leming ◽  
J. E. Moulder ◽  
J. G. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Control State ◽  
Abdominal Irradiation ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

The colonic motor effects of fractionated irradiation were studied in five conscious dogs. Seven colonic and two ileal strain gauge transducers were implanted. After control recordings, an abdominal dose of 250 cGy was administered three times a week on alternate days for three successive weeks (total dose 2,250 cGy). Recordings were then continued for 3 wk after the completion of radiation. Colonic giant migrating contractions (GMCs) occurred at a frequency of 0.15 +/- 0.05 contractions/h in the control state. Only one of these contractions (8.3%) originated in the small bowel and propagated into the colon. Abdominal field irradiation significantly increased the incidence of colonic GMCs to 0.51 +/- 0.11 contractions/h (P < 0.05). Fifty-four percent of GMCs originated in the small intestine. GMCs during the radiation schedule were associated with explosive diarrhea on seven occasions. Irradiation did not alter the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes, but the mean duration of contractile states decreased in the middle and distal colon. Diarrhea occurred as early as the second dose of radiation. Pathological changes in the colon were correlated with motor activity. Both small intestinal and colonic GMCs reverted to control frequencies after cessation of radiation exposure. Abdominal irradiation significantly altered the contractile activity of the colon. These changes are associated with abdominal cramping and diarrhea.

scholarly journals Effect of Motilin on Colonic Motor Activity in the Interdigestive State in Conscious Dogs.

1995 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIKASHI SHIBATA ◽  
IWAO SASAKI ◽  
HIROO NAITO ◽  
MICHINAGA TAKAHASHI ◽  
TAKASHI DOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity

Colonic migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in dogs

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. G355-G360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna ◽  
R. Condon ◽  
V. Cowles
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Intestinal

We report here the characteristics of a cyclic motor activity in the colon of conscious dogs and its relationship to small intestinal migrating motor complexes (MMCs). The colonic motor activity was recorded by four equispaced strain gauges and small intestinal myoelectric activity by four equispaced bipolar electrodes. The colonic motor activity was characterized by rhythmic bursts of contractions. The mean durations of bursts of contractions varied from 7.0 to 11.5 min at the four colonic recording sites. Those bursts of contractions which migrated over at least three recording sites were called colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs). All other patterns of bursts of contractions were called colonic nonmigrating motor complexes (CNMCs). A total of 160 CMMCs were recorded during a total recording period of 132 h; 151 CMMCs migrated caudad and 9 orad. The mean period of caudad migrating CMMCs was 53.3 +/- 5.4 (SE) min, and their mean migration time was 11.3 +/- 1.2 (SE) min. The onset of CMMCs was not temporally related to the onset of small intestinal migrating myoelectric complexes in the duodenum or their arrival in the terminal ileum. CMMCs did not have phases I to IV like those of small intestinal MMCs, but two consecutive CMMCs were separated by a quiescent state or by one or more randomly occurring bursts of contractions (CNMCs).

Canine gallbladder cyclic motor activity

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. G409-G416 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsumoto ◽  
S. K. Sarna ◽  
R. E. Condon ◽  
W. J. Dodds ◽  
N. Mochinaga
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

We investigated whether the gallbladder has cyclic motor activity similar to that of the stomach, lower esophageal sphincter, and sphincter of Oddi in the fasted state. We found that the canine gallbladder infundibulum exhibited a cyclic burst of short duration (69 +/- 3 s) contractions that were closely associated with phase III activity of the antrum. The cyclic motor activity was sometimes less prominent or absent in the body and the fundus of the gallbladder. The mean period of gallbladder cyclic motor activity was not significantly different from the mean period of phase III activity in the stomach and the duodenum. The cyclic bursts of gallbladder contractions lasted for 21 +/- 2 min. The gallbladder cyclic motor activity started at about the same time as the antral phase III activity, and both of these activities started approximately 12 min earlier than the duodenal phase III activity. In addition to the aforementioned cyclic bursts of contractions, the gallbladder sometimes exhibited long duration (6.4 +/- 0.6 min) contractions that occurred irregularly and unpredictably during the duodenal migrating motor complex cycle. We conclude that during fasting the canine gallbladder has a cyclic motor activity that is temporally related to phase III activity of the stomach and the duodenum. The role of short duration phasic contractions during cyclic motor activity may be to periodically stir gallbladder contents, whereas the long duration contractions may partially empty the gallbladder in the fasted state.

scholarly journals Effect of JCM 102, a novel bisacodyl enteric seamless soft capsule, on colonic motor activity in conscious dogs

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Kyoji Chaki ◽  
Shoichi Inui ◽  
Takeshi Ishii ◽  
Hidetsugu Ishida ◽  
Nobuyasu Chatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity

Effects of CCK receptor blockade on intestinal motor activity in conscious dogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. G315-G324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Niederau ◽  
M. Karaus
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Specific Antagonist ◽  
Cck Antagonist

This study employed a cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist to evaluate whether endogenous CCK regulates fasted and fed motor patterns of the small intestine. Experiments were performed in six conscious dogs, each in duplicate. Motor activity was recorded by six strain-gauge transducers implanted along the small intestine. The effects of the CCK analogue caerulein and the CCK antagonist loxiglumide were studied in fasted and fed states. Computer analysis determined contractile frequency and area under contractions. Caerulein given as an intravenous bolus 30 min after phase III dose dependently caused a burst of phasic contractions preceded by a retrograde giant contraction. Continuous intravenous infusion of 10 mg.kg-1.h-1 loxiglumide completely abolished the effects of 10 ng/kg caerulein, which increases plasma CCK immunoreactivity to postprandial levels. Loxiglumide, at 10 mg.kg-1.h-1, markedly reduced the increase in phasic contractions due to a supraphysiological dose of 50 ng/kg caerulein to 14 +/- 6(SD)% of the control without loxiglumide (P less than 0.01). The motor activity stimulated by the cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine (10 micrograms/kg) was not altered by loxiglumide. Loxiglumide given in the fasted state decreased contractile frequency from 9.5 +/- 0.7 to 8.1 +/- 0.6/min and reduced the area under contractions during phase II to 81 +/- 5% of the control without loxiglumide (P less than 0.05). Loxiglumide also decreased contractile frequency during the fed state from 9.7 +/- 0.6 to 8.3 +/- 0.5/min and reduced the area under contractions to 78 +/- 6% of the control without loxiglumide (P less than 0.05). Thus loxiglumide acts as a specific antagonist of the actions of CCK on small intestinal motor activity in the dog. Loxiglumide, at a dose that abolishes actions of endogenous CCK, significantly decreased fasting motor activity during phase II. Loxiglumide also significantly reduced motor responses to feeding but did not prevent interruption of migrating motor complex cycle by a meal. CCK plays a physiological role in regulation of fasting and fed motor activity of small intestine, although other factors in addition to CCK mediate meal-induced motor activity.

Effect of T. spiralis infection on intestinal motor activity in the fasted state

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. G693-G701 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Cowles ◽  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Force Transducers ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We sought to determine the effects of Trichinella spiralis infection on small intestinal motor activity in the fasted state in dogs and relate it to clinical symptoms during the intestinal phase of trichinosis. Motor activity was recorded by strain gauge force transducers. Infection with T. spiralis resulted in a significant increase in the incidence and proximal origination of giant migrating contractions (GMCs) during the first 5 days postinfection. This was also the time when the dogs had diarrhea. The dogs were often restless and showed signs of discomfort during proximally originating GMCs. The incidence of retrograde giant contractions (RGCs) increased significantly on the 2nd and 3rd day postinfection. RGCs were followed by vomiting 71% of the time during infection. The migrating motor complex cycle length increased significantly, and this was due to intestinal "amyogenesia" and "dysmyogenesia". During these phenomena, electrical control activity was almost completely obliterated in the proximal half of the small intestine (amyogenesia) and became irregular and unstable in the distal half (dysmyogenesia). Intestinal amyogenesia and dysmyogenesia lasted up to 4 h and were terminated by a GMC. We conclude that diarrhea induced by T. spiralis infection is closely associated with an increase in the incidence and proximal origin of GMCs. These GMCs may also be the motor correlates of abdominal cramping and pain during the intestinal phase of trichinosis.

The Metabolic Response to Galactose as a Measure of Hepatic Glucose Release in Man

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Royle ◽  
M. G. W. Kettlewell ◽  
Vera Ilic ◽  
D. H. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Glucose Release ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Galactose Utilization ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Release

1. Galactose utilization after intravenous injection was measured in fed and fasted man together with changes in blood glucose, lactate and insulin. 2. Feeding did not alter blood galactose half-life. 3. The mean increases in blood glucose and lactate were greater in the fasted subjects but their concentrations reached similar values in both fed and fasted states. 4. Plasma insulin increased after galactose in the fasted state, but there was no change in the fed state, indicating that galactose is not insulinogenic. 5. After an intravenous galactose load in the fed state insulin appears to inhibit hepatic glucose release. 6. An intravenous galactose test might be a useful measure of hepatic glucose release under different physiological and pathological conditions.

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