Cerebral artery responses to pressure and flow in uremic hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. H1212-H1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. New ◽  
A. M. S. Chesser ◽  
R. C. Thuraisingham ◽  
M. M. Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Normotensive Control

Impaired cerebral blood flow autoregulation is seen in uremic hypertension, whereas in nonuremic hypertension autoregulation is shifted toward higher perfusion pressure. The cerebral artery constricts in response to a rise in either lumen pressure or flow; we examined these responses in isolated middle cerebral artery segments from uremic Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYU), normotensive control rats (WKYC), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Pressure-induced (myogenic) constriction developed at 100 mmHg; lumen flow was then increased in steps from 0 to 98 μl/min. Some vessels were studied after endothelium ablation. Myogenic constriction was significantly lower in WKYU (28 ± 2.9%) compared with both WKYC (39 ± 2.5%, P = 0.035) and SHR (40 ± 3.1%, P = 0.018). Flow caused constriction of arteries from all groups in an endothelium-independent manner. The response to flow was similar in WKYU and WKYC, whereas SHR displayed increased constriction compared with WKYU ( P < 0.001) and WKYC ( P < 0.001). We conclude that cerebral myogenic constriction is decreased in WKYU, whereas flow-induced constriction is enhanced in SHR.

Excess oxygen delivery during muscle contractions in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lash ◽  
H. G. Bohlen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Tissue Po2 ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

These experiments determined whether a deficit in oxygen supply relative to demand could account for the sustained decrease in tissue PO2 observed during contractions of the spinotrapezius muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Relative changes in blood flow were determined from measurements of vessel diameter and red blood cell velocity. Venular hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurements were performed by using in vivo spectrophotometric techniques. The relative dilation [times control (xCT)] of arteriolar vessels during contractions was as large or greater in SHR than in normotensive rats (Wistar-Kyoto), as were the increases in blood flow (2 Hz, 3.50 +/- 0.69 vs. 3.00 +/- 1.05 xCT; 4 Hz, 10.20 +/- 3.06 vs. 9.00 +/- 1.48 xCT; 8 Hz, 16.40 +/- 3.95 vs. 10.70 +/- 2.48 xCT). Venular hemoglobin oxygen saturation was lower in the resting muscle of SHR than of Wistar-Kyoto rats (31.0 +/= 3.0 vs. 43.0 +/- 1.9%) but was higher in SHR after 4- and 8-Hz contractions (4 Hz, 52.0 +/- 4.8 vs. 43.0 +/- 3.6%; 8 Hz, 51.0 +/- 4.6 vs. 41.0 +/- 3.6%). Therefore, an excess in oxygen delivery occurs relative to oxygen use during muscle contractions in SHR. The previous and current results can be reconciled by considering the possibility that oxygen exchange is limited in SHR by a decrease in anatomic or perfused capillary density, arteriovenular shunting of blood, or decreased transit time of red blood cells through exchange vessels.

Resetting of renal blood flow autoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. F480-F486 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Iversen ◽  
I. Sekse ◽  
J. Ofstad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Pressure Limit ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Renal Blood Flow Autoregulation

Renal blood flow (RBF) autoregulation was examined in untreated 10- and 40-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [mean arterial pressure (MAP) 125 +/- 4 and 167 +/- 7 mmHg] and in captopril-treated (7 days) 10- and 40-wk-old SHR (88 +/- 7 and 112 +/- 5 mmHg). Age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as controls (MAP 91 +/- 3 and 104 +/- 2 mmHg). The study was carried out in rats with and without acute uninephrectomy. In 10-wk-old acutely uninephrectomized animals, the lower pressure limit of autoregulation was 78 +/- 4 mmHg in WKY, 102 +/- 5 mmHg in SHR (P less than 0.02), and 78 +/- 7 mmHg in captopril-treated SHR (P greater than 0.10). The renal vascular resistance (RVR) was significantly elevated at the lower pressure limit of RBF autoregulation in untreated SHR (P less than 0.02) but became normal after treatment (P greater than 0.10). Neither uninephrectomy nor variation of RBF between different batches seemed to influence the lower pressure limit of RBF autoregulation. In 40-wk-old acutely nephrectomized animals, the lower pressure limit of RBF autoregulation in WKY was 85 +/- 4 mmHg, 128 +/- 3 mmHg in SHR (P less than 0.001), and 101 +/- 5 mmHg in captopril-treated SHR (P less than 0.01). RVR at the lower pressure limit was increased in untreated SHR (P less than 0.01), but fell to normal values during captopril treatment. Neither the uninephrectomy nor variation of RBF between different batches of rats seemed to influence the lower pressure limit of RBF autoregulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Altered muscle metabolism associated with vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. E1007-E1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ming Ye ◽  
Eric Q. Colquhoun
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

In the rat muscle vascular bed, vasoconstrictors either increase or decrease oxygen consumption (V˙o 2). The present study compared the effects of norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (ANG II), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on vasoconstriction-associated metabolism in the constant-flow perfused hindlimb of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) in the absence of insulin. Basal perfusion pressure,V˙o 2, glucose uptake, and lactate production were increased by 21.4, 11.9, 46.4, and 44.9% ( P < 0.05 for all), respectively, in SHR, which also had higher blood pressure and metabolic rate ( P < 0.05) in vivo. Dose-response curves for NE-induced perfusion pressure,V˙o 2, and lactate production in SHR were shifted to the left compared with WKY. Associated with the increased perfusion pressure, NE-inducedV˙o 2 and glucose uptake were both decreased ( P < 0.01), particularly at high concentrations. These differences were unaffected by 10 μM propranolol but were all diminished by further addition of prazosin (2.5 nM). ANG II stimulatedV˙o 2, glucose uptake, and lactate production in both strains, but the increased lactate production was smaller in SHR ( P < 0.05) with a proportional decrease ( P< 0.05) in glucose uptake. Conversely, 5-HT decreasedV˙o 2 in both strains ( P < 0.01), and this effect was greater in SHR ( P < 0.01). These data suggest that SHR muscle thermogenesis and glucose uptake are impaired during vasoconstriction, especially in response to NE.

Impaired hemodynamics and endothelial vasomotor function via endoperoxide-mediated vasoconstriction in the carotid artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. H1038-H1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Denniss ◽  
James W. E. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Vasomotor Function ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The fact that endothelium removal increases diameter and compliance in the common carotid artery (CCA) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and that improving CCA endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation has been shown to normalize a reduced systolic blood flow through the SHR CCA compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) suggests that endothelial vasomotor dysfunction may be linked to altered large artery hemodynamics in hypertension. The experiments herein were designed to further investigate WKY and SHR CCA hemodynamics and endothelium-dependent vasomotor functions. It was hypothesized that CCA blood flow and conductance would be reduced throughout the cardiac cycle in SHR and that endothelium-dependent contractile activity would impair SHR CCA vasorelaxation. We report that mean, maximal systolic, and diastolic blood flow was reduced in SHR vs. WKY CCA, as was vascular conductance. Pressure was augmented in SHR CCA and accompanied by late systolic flow augmentation so that total flow during systole was indeed no different between strains, possibly explained by earlier lower body wave reflection. While ACh stimulation in isolated precontracted WKY CCA caused a robust nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasorelaxation, endothelium-dependent, cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated contractile activity stimulated by high ACh concentration impaired NO- and non-NO/non-COX-mediated vasorelaxation in precontracted SHR CCA. In quiescent CCA, this endothelium-dependent contractile response was COX-1 and thromboxane-prostanoid receptor mediated and modulated by the availability of NO. These data collectively suggest that endothelium-dependent, COX-mediated endoperoxide signaling in the CCA of SHR may elicit vasoconstriction, which could shift the mechanical properties of this conduit artery and contribute to reduced CCA blood flow in vivo.

scholarly journals The pancreatic islets in spontaneously hypertensive rats: islet blood flow and insulin production

2001 ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Iwase ◽  
S Sandler ◽  
PO Carlsson ◽  
C Hellerstrom ◽  
L Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Islet Blood Flow ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The aim of the study was to investigate if hypertension affects pancreatic islet blood flow and endocrine function. For this purpose, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were compared with normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Both islet size and islet cell replication in 4-month-old SHR was increased compared with WKY. The (pro)insulin biosynthesis was reduced in islets isolated from SHR, whereas the insulin content was unchanged. A hyperinsulinemic response to glucose in vivo was observed in 4- and 12-month-old SHR. Pancreatic blood flow, measured using a microsphere technique, was lower in SHR than in WKY in rats aged 5 weeks, 4 months or 1 year. Islet blood flow was lower in 4-month-old and 1-year-old SHR. In 4-month-old animals, islet blood flow was unaffected by administration of enalaprilate and prazosin in both strains, but was markedly decreased by the administration of N(G)-methyl-L-arginine. It was concluded that the islets of SHR have a decreased insulin production in vitro and a decreased islet blood perfusion. The reasons for this are likely to be multifactorial. Because SHR maintained an essentially normal glucose tolerance, an adaptation of the beta-cells to the metabolic and hemodynamic changes imposed by hypertension occurred.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document