Postischemic generation of superoxide anion by newborn pig brain

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. H401-H403 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Armstead ◽  
R. Mirro ◽  
D. W. Busija ◽  
C. W. Leffler
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Activated Oxygen ◽  
Pig Brain ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Nbt Reduction ◽  
Parietal Cortices

Cerebral superoxide anion generation during reperfusion after total cerebral ischemia was measured in newborn pigs. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction was determined using two closed cranial windows inserted over the parietal cortices. Twenty minutes of total cerebral ischemia was produced by increasing intracranial pressure, and SOD-inhibitable NBT reduction was determined during 20 min of reperfusion. SOD-inhibitable NBT reduction (8.7 +/- 1.5 pmol.mm-2.20 min-1) was greater in piglets subjected to cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion than in control piglets not exposed to ischemia (1.6 +/- 1.3 pmol.mm-2.20 min-1). Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv) markedly reduced postischemia SOD-inhibitable NBT reduction (2.8 +/- 1.1 pmol.mm-2.20 min-1). We conclude that superoxide anion radical is produced by newborn pig brain during postischemic reperfusion. Furthermore, cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid appears to be a major source of this activated oxygen during reperfusion of ischemic piglet brain.

scholarly journals Cerebral Superoxide Anion Generation during Seizures in Newborn Pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Armstead ◽  
R. Mirro ◽  
C. W. Leffler ◽  
D. W. Busija
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Superoxide Anion Generation ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Nbt Reduction ◽  
Parietal Cortices

Cerebral superoxide anion generation during bicuculline-induced seizures was measured in newborn pigs. Using two closed cranial windows inserted over the parietal cortices, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction was determined during 20 min of seizure activity induced by bicuculline, 5 mg/kg i. v. A modest increase in SOD-inhibitable NBT reduction was observed in piglets subjected to bicuculline-induced seizure activity (2.4 ± 0.6 pmol/mm2 in 20 min) when compared to control piglets (0.4 ± 0.3 pmol/mm2 in 20 min). Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) reduced SOD-inhibitable NBT reduction during seizures to the control level (0.5 ± 0.4 pmol/mm2 in 20 min). We conclude that small quantities of superoxide anion radical are produced by newborn pig brain during bicuculline-induced seizures and that cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid appears to be a major source.

Correction of oxidative stress in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-553
Author(s):  
Olga A. Goroshko ◽  
K. N. Novikov ◽  
V. G. Kukes ◽  
V. L. Voeikov ◽  
V. V. Arkhipov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Peroxidation Product ◽  
Reasonable Use

A pilot study ofthe effect ofthe antioxidant drug ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate on indicators of oxidative stress in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. At 6 day course administration investigated the antioxidant in these patients significantly accelerates the process of generation of superoxide anion radical, established by lucigenin-depended chemiluminescence that probably regulate a feedback mechanism oxidase systems. This increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, and reduced the concentration of secondary peroxidation product - malondialdehyde, making reasonable use of antioxidants in the treatment of this pathology.

Activated oxygen species do not mediate hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation in newborn pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H335-H342 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Leffler ◽  
R. Mirro ◽  
C. Thompson ◽  
M. Shibata ◽  
W. M. Armstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Superoxide Anion Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Activated Oxygen ◽  
Newborn Pigs

In newborn pigs, vasodilation in response to hypercapnia is dependent on prostaglandin (PG) H synthase. We investigated the contribution of activated oxygen by-products to hypercapnia-induced PGH synthase-dependent dilation of pial arteries and arterioles in anesthetized newborn pigs. Activated oxygen species were generated on the cerebral surface using xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine. Catalase, H2O2, and iron or N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG) were used to separate effects of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. All the activated oxygen species tested caused vasodilation of both arteries and arterioles. Vasodilation to all activated oxygen species was largely reversible with only the hydroxyl radical encouraging combination of xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, H2O2, and FeCl3, causing significant dilation 20 min after removal of treatment. Cotreatment with MPG blocked this residual dilation. Neither pretreatment with the extracellular superoxide anion radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), the intracellular superoxide anion radical scavenger, Tiron, the H2O2 scavenger, catalase, nor hydroxyl radical scavengers, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and MPG, altered vasodilation of pial arteries or arterioles in response to hypercapnia. Furthermore, the increase in cerebral prostanoid synthesis in response to hypercapnia was not affected by pretreatment with SOD, Tiron, catalase, DMSO, or MPG. We conclude that the progressively reduced forms of oxygen that would be produced during PGH synthase metabolism of arachidonic acid can dilate pial arteries and arterioles of newborn pigs. However, these activated oxygen species are not responsible for the vasodilation to hypercapnia in the newborn pig, suggesting that eicosanoids cause the dilation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF STAT-3 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR INHIBITOR ON OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN PERIODONTAL TISSUES OF RATS EXPOSED TO SYSTEMIC LIPOPOLISACCHARIDE ADMINISTRATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
A.M. Yelins’ka ◽  
V.O. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Imatinib Mesylate ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of imatinib mesylate, an inhibitor of the transcription factor STAT-3, on the oxidative and nitrosative stress indicators in rat periodontal tissues during the experimental systemic inflammatory response (SIR) induced by the introduction of the Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in a dose of 0.4 μg/kg body wt, 3 times for the 1 week and once a week through the next 7 weeks). Imatinib mesylate introduction in a dose of 15 mg/kg 3 times a week, starting from the 30th day of the SIR modeling, was accompanied by a significant decrease in the rate of production of superoxide anion radical by the mitochondrial respiratory chain (by 13.4%) compared with the data from the SIR modeled group. The production rate of this radical by NADPH-dependent electron transport chains and phagocytes did not change significantly. At the same time, in the periodontal tissues, the total activity of NO synthase decreased (by 27.4%) without significant changes in the concentration of peroxynitrite ions. As a result, lipid peroxidation (LPO) in periodontal soft tissues was limited: the concentration of secondary peroxidation products before and after the incubation in a prooxidant buffer solution when imatinib mesylate was added was inferior to the results of the SIR modeled group by 37.5 and 33.8%, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase exceeded the data of the comparison group by 40.0 and 60.0%, respectively. It was concluded that the use of the inhibitor of STAT-3 activation, imatinib mesylate, under LPS-induced SIR, limits the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in rat periodontal tissues: it decreases the production rate of superoxide anion-radical by the mitochondrial electron transport chain, reduces the total activity of NO synthase. This results in the reduced formation of secondary LPO products in periodontal tissues and the reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes in them (superoxide dismutase, catalase).

Changes in the superoxide radical and superoxide dismutase levels in the uterus of Rattus norvegicus during the estrous cycle and a possible role for superoxide radical in uterine oedema and cell proliferation at proestrus

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laloraya ◽  
G. P. Kumar ◽  
M. M. Laloraya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Superoxide Anion Radical ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Superoxide anion radical, a radical whose toxicity is well documented, is present in the uterus of albino rat. The cyclic changes that it undergoes during the reproductive cycle are also illustrated. An inverse correlation is seen between the levels of superoxide radical and the enzyme dismutating it, i.e., superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), which is also reported to be present in the uterus of albino rat and is shown to exhibit cyclic changes during its oestrous cycle. The high levels of superoxide radical at pro-oestrus enable us to hypothesize that superoxide may be involved in regulating the oedema and cell proliferation of the uterus during proestrus.Key words: superoxide anion radical, superoxide dismutase, uterus, oestrous cycle, uterine oedema, cell proliferation.

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