Postural changes in venous pressure gradients in anesthetized monkeys

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. H21-H25 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Terada ◽  
T. Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Hydrostatic Load ◽  
Head Up Tilt

We examined the hypothesis that head-up and head-down tilt produce a symmetrical hydrostatic load on the veins. Venous pressure was measured in anesthetized monkeys with a transducer-tipped catheter. Changes in venous pressure gradients during head-up tilt corresponded to changes in hydrostatic load. However, changes in venous pressure gradients during head-down tilt were not symmetrical to those during head-up tilt. During head-down tilt, venous pressure in the superior vena cava rose, venous pressure around the right atrium did not change, and venous pressure in the inferior vena cava on the caudal side of the diaphragm rose considerably. The venous pressure of the inferior vena cava caudal to the renal vein then gradually decreased. The inferior vena cava passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm. Thus, during head-down tilt, the gravitational shift of venous blood is impeded by this anatomic structure, and venous pressure around the hepatic vein increases significantly. These data disproved our hypothesis that head-up and head-down tilt induced symmetrical but opposite influences on vena caval pressures.

Caveats on Abdominal Central Venous Pressure Measurement

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-479
Author(s):  
THOMAS R. LLOYD ◽  
RICHARD L. DONNERSTEIN ◽  
ROBERT A. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Intraperitoneal Pressure ◽  
Extrinsic Compression

In Reply.— We appreciate Dr Tong's kind comments on our study. As we stated, "Abdominal vena cava pressure may be significantly higher than right atrial pressure...(in) patients with extrinsic compression of the inferior vena cava," and this may well occur in patients with severely elevated intraperitoneal pressure due to the presence of fluid or air. It is worth pointing out that the same caveat applies to intrathoracic venous pressure measurement in the presence of extrinsic compression of the superior vena cava or right atrium (eg, by pneumomediastinum).

scholarly journals Intra-Abdominal Venous Pressure During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

HPB Surgery ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Iwase ◽  
Tetsuto Takao ◽  
Hirotoshi Watanabe ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Tetsuo Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
The Right

Superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) pressures were measured serially during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in which the intra-abdominal pressure was maintained at 12mmHg. The influences of alteration of position from 15 degrees head-down to 15 degrees head-up and of the operative procedure of holding the gallbladder up to the right subphrenic space on SVC and IVC pressures were mild. IVC pressure was maintained almost equal to the intra-abdominal pressure during prolonged continuous pneumoperitoneum lasting longer than 60min, while SVC pressure did not change significantly during operation. The discrepancy between SVC and IVC pressures underwent no change during continuous pneumoperitoneum.

scholarly journals A case report of pulmonary vein isolation with radiofrequency catheter using superior vena cava approach in patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and inferior vena cava filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Narikawa ◽  
Masayoshi Kiyokuni ◽  
Junya Hosoda ◽  
Toshiyuki Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Ivc Filter ◽  
Transseptal Puncture ◽  
Mapping Catheter ◽  
Steerable Sheath

Abstract Background Transseptal puncture and pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are generally performed via the inferior vena cava (IVC). However, in cases where the IVC is inaccessible, a specific strategy may be needed. Case summary An 86-year-old woman with paroxysmal AF and an IVC filter in situ was referred to our hospital for ablation therapy. An IVC filter for pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis had been implanted 15 years prior, therefore we selected a transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE)-guided transseptal puncture using a superior vena cava (SVC) approach. After the single transseptal puncture, we performed fast anatomical mapping, voltage mapping by multipolar mapping catheter, and then PVI by contact force-guided radiofrequency catheter using a steerable sheath. Following the ablation, bidirectional conduction block between the four pulmonary veins and the left atrium was confirmed by both radiofrequency and mapping catheter. No complications occurred and no recurrence of AF was documented in the 12 months after the procedure. Discussion When performing a transseptal puncture during AF ablation, an SVC approach, via access through the right internal jugular vein, enables the sheath to directly approach the left atrium without angulation and improves operability of the ablation catheter. Combining the use of general anaesthesia, TOE, a steerable sheath, and contact force-guided ablation may contribute to achieving minimally invasive PVI with a single transseptal puncture via an SVC approach.

Absent right superior vena cava with hypoplastic proximal inferior vena cava

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cem Alhan ◽  
lyas Kayacioğlu ◽  
Gülşah Tayyareci ◽  
Cantürk Çakalağaoğlu ◽  
Mustafa diz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava

Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on systemic vasculature

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malo ◽  
H. Goldberg ◽  
R. Graham ◽  
H. Unruh ◽  
C. Skoog
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Hypoxic Hypoxia ◽  
Venous Compliance ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Pressure Flow

Effects of hypoxic hypoxia (HH) on cardiac output (CO), CO distribution, arterial and venous pressure-flow curves, vascular compliance, vascular time constant (tau), and resistance to venous return (RVR) were evaluated on six dogs. The vascular bed was isolated into four compartments depending on venous drainage: superior vena cava (SVC), splanchnic, renal and adrenal, and the remainder of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Low arterial O2 content and PO2 produced a threefold increase in CO at the same mean arterial pressure and a significant redistribution of CO to the SVC. Arterial pressure-flow curves decreased their slope (i.e., flow resistance) by a factor of two in the IVC and renal beds and by a factor of three in the splanchnic and SVC beds. Venous pressure-flow curves for the animal also decreased their slope significantly. HH causes a twofold increase in venous compliance and in mean venous pressure; tau did not change, but RVR halved. Seventy percent of the CO increase is explained by the increase in mean venous pressure and 30% by the reduction in RVR.

Simple validation for the hepatic venous cannula implanted chronically in conscious rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Tygon Tubing ◽  
Venous Cannula

A method for the detection of vena caval contamination in blood taken from hepatic venous cannulas in conscious rats was described. The procedures included 1) bolus injection of tritiated water (50 microCi) through a cannula into the abdominal inferior vena cava and 2) continuous blood sampling (less than 0.2 ml) from the hepatic venous cannula for 2 min into a 180-cm piece of Tygon tubing, starting concurrently with tracer injection. The washout of tritium was determined from samples in 15-cm sections of Tygon tubing. Because circulation from the inferior vena cava to the hepatic vein is interceded by the systemic circulation, the washout of tritium from a valid hepatic venous cannula should resemble the pattern determined elsewhere in the systemic circulation. In the current study, the reference systemic washout was determined in the superior vena cava of a group of rats similarly injected with tritiated water in the inferior vena cava. The maximum of tritium washout derived from a valid hepatic venous cannula should fall in the range encompassed by one standard deviation of the mean of the maximum of the reference (1,400 to 1,930 cpm/sample). The maximum of the washout pattern derived from the invalid cannula, which lay adjacent to the site of injection, was expected to exceed this range. On the basis of these criteria, hepatic blood flow (HBF) was determined by sulfbromophthalein (BSP) extraction in groups of rats with valid and invalid cannulas. HBF in rats with valid hepatic venous cannulas was 2.58 +/- 0.15 in the conscious state and 2.76 +/- 0.26 ml.min-1.g wet wt-1 in the ketamine-anesthetized state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Advantages and disadvantages of femoral port systems in hematоlogical patients with superior vena cava syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-416
Author(s):  
G. M. Galstyan ◽  
M. V. Spirin ◽  
M. Yu. Drokov ◽  
I. E. Kostina ◽  
Ya. K. Mangasarova
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Femoral Access ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vena Cava Syndrome

Background. In the superior vena cava syndrome, vein catheterisation provides an alternative for vascular access. Few reports describe the usage of femoral ports.Aim. Description of pros and contras for femoral port installation in patients with haematological malignancies and the superior vena cava syndrome.Materials and methods. This prospective non-randomised, single-centre study included 163 haematological patients implanted 72 ports in superior vena cava, 35 — in inferior vena cava and inserted with 156 non-tunnelled femoral catheters. Catheterisation properties, complications, duration of use and reasons for port and catheter removal were registered.Results. No significant differences were observed between ports in superior and inferior vena cava as per the frequency of urokinase use in catheter dysfunction, catheter dislocation, catheter-associated bloodstream and pocket infections. Differences were revealed in the catheter-associated thrombosis rate, which was higher with femoral access (17.0 % or 0.9/1000 catheter days vs. 8.3 % or 0.2/1000 catheter days, p = 0.017). Ports in inferior vena cava had a lesser duration of use than in superior vena cava (p = 0.0001). Unlike femoral ports, non-tunnelled femoral catheters had higher rates of catheter-associated thrombosis (9/1000 vs. 0.9/1000 catheter days, p = 0.002) and infection (4.9/1000 vs. 0.3/1000 catheter days, p = 0.002). One lymphoma therapy course required one femoral port or 1 to 14 (median 3) non-tunnelled femoral catheters.Conclusion. Femoral port implantation is a necessary measure in patients with the superior vena cava syndrome. It has advantages in terms of catheterisation frequency, lower infectious and thrombotic complication rates compared to non-tunnelled femoral catheters.

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