scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction in human hand veins is rapidly reversible after smoking cessation

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. H1040-H1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heitor Moreno ◽  
Stephan Chalon ◽  
Akinori Urae ◽  
Oranee Tangphao ◽  
Ademola K. Abiose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Dorsal Hand ◽  
Time Course Study ◽  
Dorsal Hand Vein

Cigarette smoking has been shown to impair endothelium-dependent dilation in arteries. We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking also impairs endothelium-dependent venodilation and evaluated changes in this response after smoking cessation in a time-course study using the dorsal hand vein technique. Dose-response curves were constructed in smokers and nonsmokers by infusing bradykinin (1–278 ng/min), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and nitroglycerin (0.006–1,583 ng/min), an endothelium-independent vasodilator, into hand veins preconstricted with the selective α1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. The maximal venodilation induced by bradykinin was 89 ± 5% in controls ( n = 16) and 61 ± 7% in smokers ( n = 18; P = 0.02). No difference in nitroglycerin-induced venodilation was observed between the two groups. Coinfusion of l-arginine (0.33 mg/min) markedly improved the bradykinin-induced venodilation in smokers (52 ± 7 to 90 ± 9%; P < 0.01). After acute smoking cessation ( n = 7), restoration to normal bradykinin-induced venodilation was observed within 24 h, whereas no change in the response to a maximally effective dose of nitroglycerin (1,583 ng/min) was detected. In a human vein model appropriate for testing vascular functional alterations, this study demonstrates that smoking impairs endothelium-dependent venodilation in heavy smokers. Moreover, this endothelial dysfunction appears to be rapidly reversible after smoking cessation. This model may be useful in studies evaluating mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and interventions to modify it.

Lack of role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in effects of alpha-adrenergic agonists in cutaneous veins in humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (2) ◽  
pp. H364-H369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Haefeli ◽  
N. Srivastava ◽  
S. Kongpatanakul ◽  
T. F. Blaschke ◽  
B. B. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptors ◽  
Relaxing Factor ◽  
Dorsal Hand ◽  
Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor ◽  
Dorsal Hand Vein

In some blood vessels, the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine simultaneously activates vasoconstrictive alpha-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells and endothelial alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediating release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), with the net vascular response representing a balance between these two counteracting pathways. To investigate whether clonidine's modest constrictor effect in human veins is due to simultaneous release of EDRF, the dorsal hand vein compliance technique was used to measure vascular responses in healthy volunteers. Clonidine-induced venoconstriction was not potentiated by methylene blue, an inhibitor of EDRF-mediated relaxation. After preconstriction with angiotensin II, clonidine did not cause venodilation but rather promoted further constriction, which could be reversed by the alpha 1-antagonist labetalol. However, in veins preconstricted with the full alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine, clonidine induced venodilation, suggesting that clonidine is a partial agonist at venous alpha 1-adrenoceptors. In conclusion, we found no evidence for endothelial alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated release of EDRF in human hand veins. The results further suggest that postjunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors participate in clonidine-induced venoconstriction in humans.

Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Treating Nicotine Addiction in Adolescents

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Maharaj ◽  
Sharon Ternullo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Time Course ◽  
The United States ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions

Cigarette smoking is the greatest cause of preventable death and disability in the United States. More than 3,000 children in the United States begin smoking each day. Smokers experience withdrawal symptoms that can be ameliorated by pharmacological interventions. These interventions include Zyban (Bupropion HCl), Nicorette gum, Habitrol patch, Nicoderm patch, Nicotrol inhaler, and Nicotrol NS spray, along with their generic counterparts. This article reviews each of these agents, the time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and presents a framework for assisting the nicotine-addicted student in smoking cessation.

Cigarette Smoking Cessation

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (23) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
GERALD G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking

Effects of Cigarette Smoking in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Lan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Health Canada

First-hand cigarette smoking is known to result in adverse health effects in adults, influencing wellbeing physically and mentally. The most prevalent physical consequences are cardiovascular diseases, cancer of the throat and oral cavities, diseases of the bowel, eye, respiratory system, and reproductive system. Arguably, direct effects of tobacco smoking have been said to affect mental aspects of wellbeing such as depression, mood, and anxiety disorders. Undoubtedly smoking comes with many negative effects, but with implementation of smoking cessation strategies, it is possible to strengthen the overall health and wellbeing of smokers. As such, Health Canada recognizes the many health benefits associated with smoking cessation, by delivering health-promoting campaigns that strongly urge, it is not too late to quit.  

Time course study of blood pressure in children over a three-year period. Bogalusa Heart Study

Hypertension ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Voors ◽  
L. S. Webber ◽  
G. S. Berenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Bogalusa Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Time Course Study

Patterns of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine use among current cigarette smokers and recent quitters: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Anne C K Quah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Current Cigarette

Abstract Introduction This study explores patterns of use of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine products among adult cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers. Along with cigarette smoking status we explore differences as a function of countries with different product regulations, gender and age. Methods Data came from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 3 Survey conducted between February-June 2020. The analytic sample consisted of 9112 current cigarette smokers (at least monthly) and 1184 recent ex-smokers (quit cigarettes ≤ 2 years) from Australia, Canada, England, and the US. Respondents were asked about their cigarette smoking and current use of the following non-cigarette products: combustible tobacco (cigars, cigarillos, pipe, waterpipe); non-combustible tobacco (smokeless tobacco, and heated tobacco products (HTPs)); and non-tobacco nicotine products (nicotine vaping products (NVPs), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and nicotine pouches)). Results Overall, NVPs (13.7%) and NRT (10.9%) were the most reported nicotine products used, followed by cigars (5.3%), cigarillos (4.2%), and HTPs (3.5%). More than 21% current and recent ex-smokers of cigarettes reported using a non-tobacco nicotine product and non-combustible product, with respondents in England reporting the highest levels of use (&gt;26%). Males, younger respondents, and current non-daily cigarette smokers were more likely to use non-cigarette nicotine products. Notably, 11.6% of ex-cigarette smokers were using other combustible tobacco. Conclusion Considerable percentages of current cigarette smokers and ex-smokers use non-cigarette nicotine products, and there are unexpectedly high levels of use of other combustible products by those recent ex-smokers of cigarettes which is concerning and has important implications for definitions of smoking cessation. Implications The tobacco product market has evolved to include new products which add to existing non-cigarette tobacco products creating a much more diverse nicotine market. This brief report provides a snapshot of use of various combustible and non-combustible nicotine containing products among current cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers in four western countries. Our results indicate that use of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine products among these cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers is not low, particularly among males, younger and non-daily cigarette smokers. Use of other combustible tobacco among respondents that recently quit cigarette smoking is concerning and has important implications for definitions of smoking cessation. Increased emphasis on researching non-cigarette nicotine product use is warranted in tobacco control generally and smoking cessation in particular.

scholarly journals P016: Feasibility of a nurse-led smoking cessation intervention in the emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S70-S70
Author(s):  
A. Tolmie ◽  
R. Erker ◽  
A. Donauer ◽  
E. Sullivan ◽  
T. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Written Responses ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counselling ◽  
Community Support Programs

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. Multiple studies internationally have established that cigarette smoking prevalence is higher in emergency department (ED) patients than their respective communities. Previously, we demonstrated the smoking prevalence among Saskatoon ED patients (19.6%) is significantly higher than the provincial average (15.1%), and over 50% of smoking patients would be receptive to ED-specific cessation support. The purpose of this project was to identify nurses’ beliefs regarding smoking cessation in the ED, and barriers to implementing it in the department. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to all nurses employed at St. Paul's Hospital ED in Saskatoon assessing attitudes towards ED cessations, as well as the benefit and feasibility of three potential interventions: brief cessation counselling, referral to community support programs, and distributing educational resources. The questionnaire included Likert scale numerical ratings, and written responses for thematic analysis. Thematic analysis was performed by creating definitions of identified themes, followed by independent review of the data by researchers. Results: 83% of eligible nurses completed the survey (n = 63). Based on Likert scores, ED nurses rarely attempt to provide cessation support, and would be minimally comfortable with personally providing this service. Barriers identified through thematic analysis included time constraints (68.3%), lack of patient readiness (19%), and lack of resources/follow-up (15.9%). Referral to community support programs was deemed most feasible and likely to be beneficial, while counselling within the ED was believed to be least feasible and beneficial. Overall, 93.3% of nurses indicated time and workload as barriers to providing ED cessation support during the survey. Conclusion: Although the ED is a critical location for providing cessation support, the proposed interventions were viewed as a low priority task outside the scope of the ED. Previous literature has demonstrated that multifaceted ED interventions using counselling, handouts, and referrals are more efficacious than a singular approach. While introduction of a referral program has some merit, having professionals dedicated to ED cessation support would be most effective. At minimum, staff education regarding importance of providing smoking cessation therapy, and simple ways to incorporate smoking cessation counselling into routine nursing care could be beneficial.

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