In Vivo Observations on the Seminal Vesicles of Adult Neonatally Castrated Rats Before and After Intravenous Testosterone

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Knisely ◽  
Jerome A. Grunt ◽  
Roger J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Contraction Time ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Before And After

In vivo microscopic observations were made on the seminal vesicles of 12 neonatally castrated rats. After 30 minutes of study, during which the degree of vascularity and the visible linear rates of blood flow were noted, and the duration and frequency of contractions had been timed and recorded, an intravenous injection was made. The eight experimental animals received 300µg water-soluble testosterone (17-B diethylaminoethyl-carbonate hydrochloride) in 0.15 cc normal saline and the controls received 0.15 cc normal saline alone. No alterations were seen in the seminal vesicles of the controls following the injection except a decrease in the average total contraction time. At varying intervals following the injection of testosterone, there was an increase in the diameters of some of the small blood vessels, a concomitant increase in the visible linear rates of blood flow in these vessels, and a marked reduction in the frequency, duration and apparent strength of the contractions of the vesicles.

Hemodynamic effects of leukotriene C4 in ovine fetus

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. E851-E855
Author(s):  
B. A. Meyer ◽  
S. W. Walsh ◽  
V. M. Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Leukotriene C4 ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Near Term

Leukotrienes are synthesized during pregnancy and produce cardiovascular effects in adults. We hypothesized that leukotriene C4 would cause vasoconstriction in the fetus and placenta. Eight near-term, unanesthetized ovine fetuses were studied before and after infusion of 10 micrograms leukotriene C4 (LTC4) into the fetal vena cava. Cardiovascular monitoring of maternal and fetal arterial pressures and heart rates was performed. Fetal blood flows were measured by the radioactive-microsphere technique. Sustained elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreased fetal heart rate began by 1 min and returned to baseline by 30 min. Arterial pH fell from 7.33 +/- 0.01 to 7.29 +/- 0.01 at 15 min (P less than 0.05) and to 7.29 +/- 0.01 at 30 min (P less than 0.05), with a significant increase in base deficit from 0.7 +/- 0.7 to 3.5 +/- 0.7 at 15 min (P less than 0.05) and to 2.9 +/- 1.0 at 30 min (P less than 0.05). Fetal PO2 and PCO2 were unchanged. Significant decreases in blood flow and resistance were seen in the umbilical placental circulation as well as in fetal skeletal muscle and intestine. Blood flow and resistance were unchanged in the renal and adrenal vascular beds. Fetal administration of LTC4 caused no changes in maternal cardiovascular parameters. These findings represent the first in vivo studies of the effects of a lipoxygenase metabolite on fetal-placental blood flow.

Ultrasonographic Bioinformatics Analysis of Uterus After Myomectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1374-1378
Author(s):  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Chuanxin Cheng ◽  
Xinmei Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The myomectomy will affect the shape of uterine wall. Ultrasound can analyze the bioinformatics characteristics of uterus such as shape and blood flow in vivo. The aim of this study is to analyze the ultrasonographic bioinformatics of uterus after myomectomy. Methods: A total of 127 patients underwent myomectomy were examined by ultrasonography before operation, and 7 d, 1 m, 3 m, and 6 m after operation. The changes of uterine echo and blood signals were observed and recorded. Results: The mean volume of uterus was (152 ± 64) cm3 before myomectomy. During 6 m after operation, the uterus volume in all patients was decreased gradually. At 7 d and 1 m after operation, the mean volume of uterus was (73 ± 22) cm3 and (54 ± 23) cm3, respectively (about 48% and 36% of volume before operation). Different degree of scar echo appeared in 43 patients (33.8%). The diameter of scars was decreased remarkably during 6 months after myomectomy, especially 1 month after operation. Conclusion: The bioinformatics characteristics of uterus changed obviously before and after myomectomy. Ultrasonography is useful to evaluate these changed.

scholarly journals Comparative Determination of Xenobiotics Adsorption

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Mirjana Mijanović ◽  
Asija Začiragić
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comparative Determination ◽  
Organochlorine And Organophosphorus Pesticides

Xenobiotic solutions of different concentrations were analyzed by TLC method before and after passing trough the column with adsorbent M and compared with adsorption on the active charcoal. The efficiency of adsorption on adsorbent M was higher, compared to active charcoal. The best adsorption, in the value 90 - 100%, have shown certain organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, that were dissolved in non-aqueous solvents. Efficiency of adsorbent M was also proven in vivo, when solutions of tested xenobiotics before adsorption have caused death of experimental animals, and after the adsorption on adsorbent M, all treated animals have survived and had just mild symptoms of poisoning.

Effect of hematocrit on cerebral blood flow with induced polycythemia

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Massik ◽  
Y. L. Tang ◽  
M. L. Hudak ◽  
R. C. Koehler ◽  
R. J. Traystman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
O2 Transport ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Independent Effects

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is lowered during polycythemia. Whether this fall is due to an increase in red blood cell concentration (Hct) or to an increase in arterial O2 content (Cao2) is controversial. We examined the independent effects of Hct and Cao2 on CBF as Hct was raised from 30 to 55% in anesthetized 1- to 7-day-old sheep. CBF was measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique before and after isovolemic exchange transfusion with either oxyhemoglobin-containing erythrocytes (in 5 control animals) or with methemoglobin-containing erythrocytes (in 9 experimental animals). Following exchange transfusion in the control animals, Hct rose (30 +/- 1 vs. 55 +/- 1%, mean +/- SE), Cao2 increased (15.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 26.7 +/- 0.9 vol%), and CBF fell (66 +/- 9 vs. 35 +/- 5 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1). Because the fall in CBF was proportionate to the rise in Cao2, cerebral O2 transport (CBF X Cao2) was unchanged. Following exchange transfusion in the experimental animals, Hct rose (32 +/- 1 vs. 55 +/- 1%) but Cao2 did not change. Nevertheless, CBF still fell (73 +/- 4 vs. 48 +/- 2 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1) and, as a result, cerebral O2 transport also fell. The latter cannot be attributed to a fall in cerebral O2 uptake, as cerebral O2 uptake was unaffected during each of these conditions. Comparison of the two groups of animals showed that approximately 60% of the fall in CBF may be attributed to the increase in red cell concentration alone. It is probable that this effect is due largely to changes in blood viscosity.

Effects of indomethacin on PMA-induced pulmonary endothelial enzyme dysfunction in vivo

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. L153-L162 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
S. E. Orfanos ◽  
J. D. Catravas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Entire Lung ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Microvascular Recruitment

We investigated the effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on metabolic pulmonary endothelial ectoenzyme dysfunction. Anesthetized rabbits were placed on total heart bypass, and the single-pass transpulmonary metabolism of [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro (BPAP) by endothelial-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and [14C]adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) by 5'-nucleotidase (NCT) was calculated before and after PMA (10 micrograms/kg iv), a dose that does not produce histologically evident endothelial damage. Under conditions of partial microvascular recruitment (blood flow = 400 ml/min through the entire lung), PMA, but not the vehicle, significantly reduced substrate utilization of both BPAP and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and increased the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) values of ACE for BPAP, indicative of metabolic dysfunction. These changes were completely prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin. Under conditions of near full microvascular recruitment (blood flow = 640 ml/min through the left lung only), PMA similarly reduced substrate utilization and increased the apparent Km of ACE for BPAP. In this case, however, indomethacin failed to prevent the observed PMA-induced metabolic dysfunction. We conclude that PMA alters endothelial ectoenzyme substrate metabolism independently from changes in pulmonary blood flow; indomethacin appears to antagonize the effects of PMA under conditions of partial microvascular recruitment only, perhaps by diverting flow to previously unperfused, unexposed to PMA, and hence metabolically healthy vessels.

Sodium channels are required during in vivo sodium chloride hyperosmolarity to stimulate increase in intestinal endothelial nitric oxide production

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. H89-H95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett G. Zani ◽  
H. Glenn Bohlen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
No Production ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

NaCl hyperosmolarity increases intestinal blood flow during food absorption due in large part to increased NO production. We hypothesized that in vivo, sodium ions enter endothelial cells during NaCl hyperosmolarity as the first step to stimulate an increase in intestinal endothelial NO production. Perivascular NO concentration ([NO]) and blood flow were determined in the in vivo rat intestinal microvasculature at rest and under hyperosmotic conditions, 330 and 380 mosM, respectively, before and after application of bumetanide (Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter inhibitor) or amiloride (Na+/H+ exchange channel inhibitor). Suppressing amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange channels diminished hypertonicity-linked increases in vascular [NO], whereas blockade of Na+-K+-2Cl− channels greatly suppressed increases in vascular [NO] and intestinal blood flow. In additional experiments we examined the effect of sodium ion entry into endothelial cells. We proposed that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger extrudes Na+ in exchange for Ca2+, thereby leading to the calcium-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We blocked the activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger during 360 mosM NaCl hyperosmolarity with KB-R7943; complete blockade of increased vascular [NO] and intestinal blood flow to hyperosmolarity occurred. These results indicate that during NaCl hyperosmolarity, sodium ions enter endothelial cells predominantly through Na+-K+-2Cl− channels. The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger then extrudes Na+ and increases endothelial Ca2+. The increase in endothelial Ca2+ causes an increase in eNOS activity, and the resultant increase in NO increases intestinal arteriolar diameter and blood flow during NaCl hyperosmolarity. This appears to be the major mechanism by which intestinal nutrient absorption is coupled to increased blood flow.

scholarly journals Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Oxygenation in Rats Breathing Oxygen under Pressure

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1288-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan T Demchenko ◽  
Yuriy I Luchakov ◽  
Alexander N Moskvin ◽  
Diana R Gutsaeva ◽  
Barry W Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Brain Oxygenation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Breathing Room

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) increases oxygen tension (PO2) in blood but reduces blood flow by means of O2-induced vasoconstriction. Here we report the first quantitative evaluation of these opposing effects on tissue PO2 in brain, using anesthetized rats exposed to HBO2 at 2 to 6 atmospheres absolute (ATA). We assessed the contribution of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to brain PO2 as inspired PO2 (PiO2) exceeds 1 ATA. We measured rCBF and local PO2 simultaneously in striatum using collocated platinum electrodes. Cerebral blood flow was computed from H2 clearance curves in vivo and PO2 from electrodes calibrated in vitro, before and after insertion. Arterial PCO2 was controlled, and body temperature, blood pressure, and EEG were monitored. Scatter plots of rCBF versus pO2 were nonlinear ( R2 = 0.75) for rats breathing room air but nearly linear ( R2 = 0.88–0.91) for O2 at 2 to 6 ATA. The contribution of rCBF to brain PO2 was estimated at constant inspired PO2, by increasing rCBF with acetazolamide (AZA) or decreasing it with N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). At basal rCBF (78 mL/100 g min), local PO2 increased 7- to 33-fold at 2 to 6 ATA, compared with room air. A doubling of rCBF increased striatal PO2 not quite two-fold in rats breathing room air but 13- to 64-fold in those breathing HBO2 at 2 to 6 ATA. These findings support our hypothesis that HBO2 increases PO2 in brain in direct proportion to rCBF.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of coronary blood flow monitoring data for hemodynamic assessment of the degree of coronary artery stenosis

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenosis ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Hemodynamic Assessment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Statistical Relationships

Statistical relationships between the pressure curves Pa(t), Pd(t) and blood flow velocity Va(t), recorded in vivo in the coronary arteries of patients before and after stenosis, as part of the standard clinical procedure for calculating dynamic indices FFR, HSR, CFR, and a number of other ones generally accepted in surgical practice are studied. It is shown that in the case of insignificant stenosis that does not require surgical intervention, there is a correlation between the curves, and their spectrum is represented by three main harmonics. In the case of significant stenosis requiring immediate stenting, the positive correlation between Pa(t) and Pd(t) is less pronounced, and there is a negative correlation with the Va(t) curve. The spectrum of the curves is much more complex and contains high-frequency harmonics. For patients from the so-called “gray zone”, an expert decision on the need for stenting can be made based on the appearance of additional harmonics in the spectrum and a negative correlation between the Pa(t), Pd(t) and Va(t) curves. The proposed approach can be used for automatic decision-making based on machine learning and the development of appropriate mathematical models.

scholarly journals Microdialysis: use in human exercise studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Arner
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Microdialysis Probe ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Microdialysis has been used for 25 years to study brain function in vivo. Recently, it has been developed for investigations on peripheral tissues. A microdialysis catheter is an artificial blood vessel system which can be placed in the extracellular space of various tissues such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in order to examine these tissues in situ. Molecules are collected from the tissue by the device and their true interstitial concentration can be estimated. Metabolically-active molecules can be delivered to the interstitial space through the microdialysis probe and their action on the tissue can be investigated locally without producing generalized effects. It is also possible to study local tissue blood flow with microdialysis by adding a flow marker (usually ethanol) to the microdialysis solvent. The microdialysis technique is particularly useful for studies of small and water-soluble molecules. A number of important observations on the in vivo regulation of lipolysis, carbohydrate metabolism and blood flow in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue have been made recently using microdialysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document