Role of fenestrated basement membrane in lymphatic absorption from peritoneal cavity

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Allen ◽  
Tim Weatherford
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Polystyrene Spheres ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histological Picture

Polystyrene spheres with a range from chylomicron size up to 30 µ were injected into the peritoneal cavity of mouse, rat and cat, and were recovered from the regional lymph nodes. The largest recovered spheres in the mouse were 16.8 µ in diameter, in the rat and cat 24 µ. Inspection of the entire population of spheres recovered from lymph nodes 48 hours after intraperitoneal injection indicated that most of the fenestrations in the subperitoneal basement membrane are less than 5 µ in the mouse, and more than 5 µ in the cat. Fenestrations in the rat are intermediate between mouse and cat. The deductions as to fenestrations from inspection of the absorbed sphere populations is fairly well in accord with the histological picture in the mouse and cat. Many spheres reach the circulation and the larger ones are filtered out in the lungs, with resulting atelectasis.

scholarly journals THE DEMONSTRATION OF LESIONS AND VIRUS IN THE LUNGS OF MICE RECEIVING LARGE INTRA-PERITONEAL INOCULATIONS OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUS

1938 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Rickard ◽  
Thomas Francis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intranasal Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Subcutaneous Inoculation ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

Following the intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with large doses of epidemic influenza virus (50,000 to 1 million intranasal M.L.D.) it can be recovered from the lungs in high concentration, and pulmonary lesions of moderate extent may be observed. The virus reaches its highest titer in the lungs 48 to 72 hours after intraperitoneal injection and may persist for 10 days. Virus may be recovered from the blood in the first 24 hours, but is readily detected in the omentum and peritoneum for 5 to 6 days. Mice which as a result of the intraperitoneal injection of virus show a high concentration of virus in the lungs do not die but become solidly immune to intranasal infection. Moreover, as early as 24 to 48 hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of large amounts of virus the animals may exhibit resistance to infection with fatal doses of virus given intranasally. Influenza virus given intravenously to mice is rapidly removed from the blood but persists in the lungs and induces pulmonary lesions. Virus can also be recovered from the liver for several days. With subcutaneous inoculation of influenza virus, however, the virus does not reach the blood or lungs in detectable amounts although the regional lymph nodes may yield considerable quantities of the agent. A brief consideration is presented of the mechanisms of infection and resistance which may be involved.

scholarly journals A Pro-Tumorigenic Effect of Heparanase 2 (Hpa2) in Thyroid Carcinoma Involves Its Localization to the Nuclear Membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itai Margulis ◽  
Inna Naroditsky ◽  
Miriam Gross-Cohen ◽  
Neta Ilan ◽  
Israel Vlodavsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Normal Thyroid

Activity of the endo-beta-glucuronidase heparanase, capable of cleaving heparan sulfate (HS), is most often elevated in many types of tumors, associating with increased tumor metastasis and decreased patients’ survival. Heparanase is therefore considered to be a valid drug target, and heparanase inhibitors are being evaluated clinically in cancer patients. Heparanase 2 (Hpa2) is a close homolog of heparanase that gained very little attention, likely because it lacks HS-degrading activity typical of heparanase. The role of Hpa2 in cancer was not examined in detail. In head and neck cancer, high levels of Hpa2 are associated with decreased tumor cell dissemination to regional lymph nodes and prolonged patients’ survival, suggesting that Hpa2 functions to attenuate tumor growth. Here, we examined the role of Hpa2 in normal thyroid tissue and in benign thyroid tumor, non-metastatic, and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) utilizing immunostaining in correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Interestingly, we found that Hpa2 staining intensity does not significantly change in the transition from normal thyroid gland to benign, non-metastatic, or metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Remarkably, we observed that in some biopsies, Hpa2 is accumulating on the membrane (envelop) of the nucleus and termed this cellular localization NM (nuclear membrane). Notably, NM localization of Hpa2 occurred primarily in metastatic PTC and was associated with an increased number of positive (metastatic) lymph nodes collected at surgery. These results describe for the first time unrecognized localization of Hpa2 to the nuclear membrane, implying that in PTC, Hpa2 functions to promote tumor metastasis.

Transport of tracer albumin from peritoneum to plasma: role of diaphragmatic, visceral, and parietal lymphatics

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. H1549-H1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Zakaria ◽  
O. Simonsen ◽  
A. Rippe ◽  
B. Rippe
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Capillary Walls ◽  
Lymphatic Pathways

Using a technique to acutely seal off various parts of the peritoneal membrane surface, with or without evisceration, we investigated the role of diaphragmatic, visceral, and parietal peritoneal lymphatic pathways in the drainage of 125I-labeled albumin (RISA) from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma during acute peritoneal dialysis in artificially ventilated rats. The total RISA clearance out of the peritoneal cavity (Cl) as well as the portion of this Cl reaching the plasma per unit time (Cl⇢ P) were assessed. Under non-steady-state conditions, the Cl was fivefold higher than the Cl⇢ P. Evisceration caused a 25-30% reduction in both Cl⇢ P and Cl. Sealing of the diaphragm, however, reduced the Cl⇢ P by 55% without affecting the Cl. A further reduction in the Cl⇢ P was obtained by combining sealing of the diaphragm with evisceration, which again markedly reduced the Cl. However, the greatest reduction in the Cl was obtained when the peritoneal surfaces of the anterior abdominal wall were sealed off in eviscerated rats. The discrepancy between the Cl and the Cl⇢ P can be explained by the local entrance of fluid and macromolecules into periabdominal tissues, where fluid is rapidly absorbed through the capillary walls via the Starling forces, while macromolecules are accumulating due to their very slow uptake by tissue lymphatics under non-steady-state conditions. Of the portion of the total Cl that rapidly entered the plasma, conceivably by lymphatic absorption, 55% could be ascribed to diaphragmatic lymphatics 30% to visceral lymphatics, and only some 10-15% to parietal lymphatics.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Renal Oncocytoma and Lymphoma: Interest of Lymphadenectomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Angela Orcurto ◽  
Benoît Lhermitte ◽  
Alain Sermier ◽  
Dominik Berthold
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Renal Oncocytoma ◽  
Node Dissection ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Regional Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Kidney Lesions

Kidney lesions may be difficult to diagnose only by radiological exams, often requiring proof by tissue biopsy. Moreover, if enlarged regional lymph nodes are also present, the spectrum of differential diagnoses is even greater. The role of regional lymph node dissection in this setting is not clearly established. We show the case of a patient with a kidney mass associated with a conglomerate of para-aortic and iliac lymphadenopathies corresponding to an oncocytoma and a nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin' lymphoma, respectively. Diagnosis of these two lesions was performed by morphology and immunohistochemistry. This case reflects how imaging can mislead to diagnosis and how histological confirmation helps decide treatment management.

scholarly journals Role of peritoneal cavity lymphatic absorption in peritoneal dialysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Mactier ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Zbylut J. Twardowski ◽  
Karl D. Nolph
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption

scholarly journals Essential Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Control of Leishmania (Leishmania)amazonensis Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 6355-6361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni ◽  
Momtchillo Russo ◽  
Sonia Jancar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
No Production ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACT In the present study we investigated the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and prostaglandins in experimental Leishmania (Leishmania)amazonensis infection and the relationship between these mediators and nitric oxide (NO) production. Mouse peritoneal macrophages elicited with thioglicolate were infected with leishmania amastigotes, and the infection index determined 48 h later. The course of infection was monitored for 5 weeks in mice infected in the footpad with promastigotes by measuring the footpad swelling and parasite load in regional lymph nodes and spleen. The addition of PAF to C57BL/6 mouse macrophages significantly inhibited parasite growth and induced NO production. Treatment of macrophages with a selective PAF antagonist, WEB2086, increased the infection, indicating that endogenously produced PAF regulates macrophage ability to control leishmania infection. This effect of PAF was abolished by addition of the inhibitor of NO synthesis, L-NAME, to the cultures. The addition of prostaglandin E2 significantly increased the infection and NO production. Treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, reduced the infection and PAF-induced release of NO. Thus, the increased NO production induced by PAF seems to be mediated by prostaglandins. The more-selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase 2, nimesulide and NS-398, had no significant effect. Thus, antileishmanial activity correlates better with the presence of PAF or absence of prostaglandins than with NO production. In vivo treatment with PAF antagonists significantly increased leishmania lesions, as well as the parasite load, in regional lymph nodes and spleens. These findings indicate that PAF is essential for the control of leishmania infection.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON INFLAMMATION

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valy Menkin
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Fibrin Network ◽  
Free Particles

India ink or graphite partides injected into an area of inflammation fail to disseminate to the tributary lymph nodes. When injected into a normal peritoneal cavity they rapidly appear in the retrosternal lymph nodes. When injected into an inflamed peritoneal cavity they are fixed in situ and fail to reach the regional lymph nodes. Graphite particles injected in the circulating blood stream enter an inflamed area both as free particles owing to increased capillary permeability and also as phagocyted material within leucocytes. Bacteria (B. prodigiosus) injected into inflamed tissue are fixed at the site of inflammation and fail to disseminate to the regional lymph nodes as readily as when injected into normal tissue. Bacteria (B. prodigiosus) injected at the periphery of an inflamed area do not readily penetrate into the site of inflammation. The experiments furnish evidence, in addition to that already provided, that fixation of foreign substances by the inflammatory reaction is primarily due to mechanical obstruction caused by a fibrin network and by thrombosed lymphatics at the site of inflammation. Bacteria (B. prodigiosus and B. pyocyaneus) injected intravenously rapidly enter an inflamed area. It is suggested that localization of bacteria in a locus minoris resistentiae may be explained as the result of increased capillary permeability with subsequent accumulation and fixation of bacteria from the blood stream at the point of injury.

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