Central control of sympathetic cardioacceleration in medulla oblongata of the cat

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wang ◽  
C. Y. Chai
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Central Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Dorsal Medulla ◽  
Stimulation Of

Under chloralose, as well as under pentobarbital anesthesia, stimulation of the dorsal medulla elicited after decerebration a cardioacceleration comparable to that before decerebration. Similar increases in the heart rate were also obtained after additional ablation of the remaining midbrain and portion of the pons. In addition, it is possible in these decerebrate animals to elicit cardioaccelerator reflexes by occluding the common carotid arteries or by stimulating the central end of the sciatic nerve. Our findings are contrary to those reported by Peiss ( J. Physiol., London 151: 225, 1960) and do not support his contention that the dorsal medulla constitutes only an afferent cardioaccelerator pathway to the hypothalamus. Our results support the concept that an important integrative mechanism for cardioacceleration, as well as for vasomotor reaction, resides in the dorsal medulla, and that higher neural structures such as the hypothalamus serve a regulatory function.

Arterial baroreceptors have minimal physiological effects on adrenal medullary secretion

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. H194-H200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fater ◽  
W. D. Sundet ◽  
H. D. Schultz ◽  
K. L. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Intravenous Nitroglycerin ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cardiac Nerves

The influence of arterial baroreceptors on secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla was evaluated by several methods. Conscious mongrel dogs with surgically denervated hearts were hemorrhaged until an estimated 16% of their blood volume had been removed. On a separate day they were anesthetized and their blood pressure was lowered with intravenous nitroglycerin. Neither of these maneuvers produced appreciable increases in heart rate in these dogs. In contrast, in a group of sham-operated control dogs, hemorrhage induced a mean increase in heart rate of 20 beats/min (P less than 0.05), and nitroglycerin-induced hypotension induced an increase of 50 beats/min (P less than 0.05). In a separate group of conscious dogs with aortic arch denervation but intact cardiac nerves, occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 5 min increased blood pressure and heart rate significantly but elicited only small, insignificant increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine; the peak concentration of epinephrine achieved was considerably less than the amount necessary to cause appreciable effects on blood pressure and heart rate as determined in another experiment by infusing varying amounts of epinephrine into conscious, cardiac-denervated dogs. We conclude that the arterial baroreceptor reflex, within the range of activity likely to occur during most physiological and pathophysiological adjustments in the conscious dog, exerts only minimal effects on the secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla.

Central control of sympathetic cardiac augmentation in lower brain stem of the cat

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Chai ◽  
Norman N. Share ◽  
S. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Vasomotor Reaction ◽  
Lower Brain Stem ◽  
Dorsal Medulla ◽  
Stimulation Of

Fifty-three vagotomized cats under chloralose were studied for cardiac augmentation, cardioacceleration, and vasomotor reaction on direct stimulation of the medulla oblongata and via reflex activations. Cardiac augmentation as well as other cardiovascular responses could be induced on stimulation of the dorsal medulla or the central cut end of the sciatic nerves, or on occlusion of the carotid arteries. The augmentation and other responses remained essentially unchanged regardless of the presence or absence of the rostral neural structures, including the hypothalamus. The results confirm and support the concept that a central control mechanism for vasomotor reaction and cardioacceleration as well as augmentation resides in the dorsal region of the lower brain stem.

scholarly journals Bilateral Displacement of the Common Carotid Arteries by a Large Goiter

Cureus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexian J McBain ◽  
Joe Iwanaga ◽  
Rod J Oskouian ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
R. Shane Tubbs
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Large Goiter ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Abstract P433: Emerging Lifestyle Factors Predict Carotid Intimal Media Thickness Scores

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C Masley ◽  
Richard Roetzheim ◽  
Timothy P McNamara ◽  
Lucas V Masley ◽  
Douglas D Schocken
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Statin Use

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of mortality in the western world. Carotid intimal media thickness (carotid IMT) is a safe and reliable predictor of future CVD risk. Hypothesis: The study aims to assess the hypothesis that lifestyle factors impact carotid IMT, and determine which nutrition and fitness risk factors best predict mean carotid IMT scores. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional analysis of 592 men and women undergoing health and cardiovascular risk screening. This study reflects the first visit of these subjects, age 23 to 65 (mean = 48.2), who are followed longitudinally and who were participants at a “wellness” oriented program for patients who are generally well-educated and mostly in good health. Measurements were made of fitness using VO2max stress testing and push-up and sit-up scores following the American College of Sports Medicine testing protocols, diet intake using a 3-day dietary intake survey and computerized analyses. Mean carotid IMT scores were obtained using high resolution B-mode ultrasonography of the common carotid arteries. Each subject had ≥10 images collected from the far wall of the right and left distal 1 cm of the common carotid arteries at end diastole. The carotid intimal thickness was measured as a continuous variable, using both multivariate linear and bivariate linear regression. Multivariate analyses adjusted for potential confounders using multiple linear regression and included measures of body composition, blood pressure, fasting lipid and glucose levels, and statin use. Results: Multivariate analyses show that higher mean carotid IMT values are associated with increasing age (p<0.0001), male gender (p<.0.0001), lower aerobic capacity (p=0.0045), lower intake of fish (p=0.05), and lower intake of zinc (p=0.0002). Bivariate analyses controlling for age and gender, with and without statin use, showed higher mean carotid IMT scores were statistically associated with lower levels of aerobic fitness, (p = 0.0007), lower intake of fiber (p=0.02) and lower intake of magnesium (p=0.019). Intake of protein, carbohydrate, and fat as percent of calories; as well as intake of saturated fat, sodium, calcium, potassium, and vitamin K; measures of strength (assessed with push-up and sit-up testing); and self-reported exercise minutes per week were not associated with mean carotid IMT scores. Conclusions: In this database, aerobic fitness and dietary intake of fiber, fish, magnesium, and zinc are associated with lower carotid IMT scores. Further studies are warranted to explore the impact of emerging lifestyle factors on cardiovascular risk and clinical outcomes.

Doppler Assessment of the Effect of Chewing Qat on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Bushra Hussein A. Malik ◽  
Moawia Gameraddin
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Secondary Flow in the Human Common Carotid Artery Imaged by MR Angiography

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Caro ◽  
C. L. Dumoulin ◽  
J. M. R. Graham ◽  
K. H. Parker ◽  
S. P. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Healthy Human Subject ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The blood flow in arteries affects both the biology of the vessels and the development of atherosclerosis. The flow is three dimensional, unsteady, and difficult to measure or to model computationally. We have used phase-shift-based magnetic resonance angiography to image and measure the flow in the common carotid arteries of a healthy human subject. There was curvature of the vessels and thin-slice dynamic flow imaging showed evidence of the presence of secondary motions. Flexing the cervical spine straightened the vessels and reduced the asymmetry of the flow.

Vascular Doppler ultrasonographic indices in cirrhosis: a case–control study with emphasis on the common carotid arteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 982-988
Author(s):  
Abolhassan Shakeri ◽  
Mojtaba Varshochi ◽  
Naser Atapour ◽  
Masoud Nemati ◽  
Manoochehr Khoshbaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Dependence of the efficiency of the initial state of fosinopril structure common carotid arteries, intravascular blood flow and central hemodynamics at patients with arterial hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
L V Melnikova ◽  
L F Bartosh ◽  
O A Grechishkina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Central Hemodynamic ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Aim. To study changes in structural and functional features of the common carotid arteries and central hemodynamic parameters under the influence of fosinopril at hypertensive patients depending on achieving target blood pressure.Material and methods. The study included 116 patients with essential hypertension. All patients underwent a general clinical study, an ultrasound scan of the common carotid arteries (CCA ) with the assessment of the structure and intravascular blood flow, and echocardiography with the definition of the parameters of central hemodynamic and intravascular, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) before the study and after 24 weeks of antihypertensive therapy angiotensin - converting enzyme fosinopril. Two groups of patients: the first group consisted of 74 people with the achievement of the targets of blood pressure (BP), the second 42 people who have not been achieved target BP levels.Results. In the first group there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of peripheral resistance, increased systolic index, distensibility coefficient of the common carotid arteries peak flow velocity. In the second group specific peripheral resistance was significantly increased, the thickness of the intima-media increased, decreased peak flow velocity.Conclusion. Effectiveness depends on fosinopril initial state total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, structural and functional features elastic arteries.

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