Cat heart acetylcholine: structural proof and distribution

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Brown
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cat Heart

The distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cat heart was investigated by a pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC) method. The hearts were dissected into various regions and homogenized in acetonitrile in the presence of propionylcholine, internal standard. Following extraction with toluene and hexane, the choline esters were precipitated as the enneaiodide complex. The isolated choline esters were analyzed by PGC, and the peak corresponding to ACh was quantified. The compound extracted from heart tissue that eluted with the retention time of authentic ACh was identified by mass spectrometry as dimethylaminoethylacetate, the pyrolysis product of ACh. ACh concentrations were found to be higher in the atria than the ventricles. In both the atria and the ventricles, a higher content of ACh was found in the right than the left portions: right ventricle, 5.0 compared to left ventricle, 2.0 nmol/g; and right atrium, 16.8 compared to left atrium, 11.3 nmol/g. Some cats were subjected to a bilateral cervical vagotomy 3 wk before removal and analysis of heart tissue. Hearts from vagotomized cats contained less ACh than controls in the right ventricle (-31%), right atrium (-54%), SA node (-42%), and papillary muscle (-53%), but no decreases were found in the left ventricle, left atrium, or interventricular septum.

Double outlet left atrium with co-existing double inlet left ventricle and discordant atrioventricular connections

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Gnanapragasam ◽  
Allan B. Houston ◽  
Robert H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Double Inlet Left Ventricle

SummaryWe describe an unusual heart in which double outlet from the left atrium resulted in atrioventricular connections to a dominant left ventricle and to a left-sided rudimentary right ventricle, while the right atrium also connected to the left ventricle. This produced, in effect, double inlet left ventricle in association with discordant atrioventricular connections. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography and confirmed at post mortem examination.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NOCTURNAL INCREASE OF BLOOD PRESSURE ON CARDIAC REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
A. I Miroshnichenko ◽  
K. M Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Actuality. Arterial hypertension (AH) is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, disability and cardiovascular mortality. Episodes of blood pressure (BP) increase during the day in patients receiving antihypertensive therapy are an unfavourable factor contributing to the development and progression of cardiac remodeling. Aim. The purpose of the research is to study the features of changes in the structural and functional state of the heart under the influence of high blood pressure at night in patients with arterial hypertension with the dynamic three-year observation. Material and methods. 47 patients with the diagnosis of AH were examined. Patients were divided into two groups, randomized by age, duration and severity of AH. Group 1 included 24 patients who as a result of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) on the background of combined antihypertensive therapy suffered from constantly increased BP at night. The second group combined 23 patients without the increase in BP during the night according to the ABPM with antihypertensive therapy. The examination included measurement of the office BP, ABPM, two-fold echocardiography with a three-year interval. Results. When assessing the indices of office BP in the groups, there were no significant differences, all patients achieved the target values of BP. In patients in Group 1, higher values of BP were observed during the day, according to ABPM. Echocardiography over a three year period of observation revealed a more pronounced increase in diastolic interventricular septum thickness, the thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during diastole, sizes of left atrium in the patients of the first group, patients of the second group had a more pronounced thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during systole. The increase in the size of the right ventricle was revealed in both groups. Conclusions. 1) In patients with the increase in blood pressure at night, the values of BP variability were higher during the day. 2) Three-year dynamic observation revealed that the increase in BP at night in patients with hypertension facilitated acceleration of cardiac remodelling and was associated with an increase in the left ventricular posterior wall, interventricular septum thickness, the size of the left atrium, and the size of the right ventricle.

scholarly journals Transthoracic delivery of large devices into the left ventricle through the right ventricle and interventricular septum: preclinical feasibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Halabi ◽  
Kanishka Ratnayaka ◽  
Anthony Z Faranesh ◽  
Michael S Hansen ◽  
Israel M Barbash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension Among Maintenance Dialysis Patients With ESRD and Its Associated Factors: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Han Ding ◽  
Rongsheng Rao ◽  
Yiqin Wang ◽  
Fang Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Maintenance Dialysis ◽  
Esrd Patients

Aim: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its associated factors among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who underwent maintenance dialysis.Methods: A total of 491 patients received echocardiography examinations and underwent pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) assessments. A subgroup of 283 patients were subjected to plasma creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN) tests, routine blood examinations and electrolyte analysis. First, we compared the differences in echocardiographic, Cr and BUN, blood routine and electrolyte parameters between PH and non-PH groups. The correlations between PASP and the parameters mentioned above were also analyzed. Furthermore, univariate and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent associated factors.Results: The incidence of PH among ESRD patients who were treated with maintenance dialysis was 34.6%. Most of the echocardiographic parameters, including end-diastolic internal diameters of the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and pulmonary artery, as well as interventricular septum mobility, left ventricular posterior wall mobility, fractional shortening, stroke volume and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), were associated with PH. Furthermore, Mg2+ (p = 0.037) and Cl− (p = 0.043) were significantly associated with PASP. However, after adjustments were made in the regression analysis, only internal diameters of the left atrium, right atrium, and LVEF were independently associated with PH.Conclusion: PH is prevalent, with a relatively high incidence among ESRD patients who undergo maintenance dialysis. The sizes of the left and right atria as well as LVEF were independently associated with PH, but further cohort and basic mechanistic studies are needed to confirm this finding.

scholarly journals Morphometric Indicators of Rat Myocardium under the Action of General Hypothermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
M. S. Belimenko ◽  
◽  
V. V. Kosharniy ◽  
L. V. Abdul-Ogly ◽  
G. O. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intact Rats

Hypothermia is a situation in which the internal body temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius. The article presents the relevance, theoretical aspects and features of the action of general hypothermia on the heart in general and cardiomyocytes in particular. The purpose of the study was to study the changes in the myocardium under the action of general hypothermia at different levels of structural organization. The object of the study were the hearts of laboratory adult rats. The study involved 20 animals. The longitudinal section shows that the right ventricle is much thinner than the left and its cavity is presented in the form of a crescent. The interventricular septum is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle and goes into its cavity. Results. To establish the shape of the heart and track the dynamic changes at the organ level, we calculated an index showing the ratio of the width of the heart to its length. In 80% of cases, the heart shape of intact rats was conical, the index averaged 55%, only 20% elliptical, the index was more than 65%. We did not observe other forms of heart in the group of intact rats. In the experimental groups, a spherical heart shape appeared. The thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle for 10 days from the beginning of the experiment was 3.15±0.11 mm, the side wall 3.1±0.11 mm, the posterior wall 2.45±0.04 mm, interventricular septum 2.95±0.09 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.04±0.03 mm, the posterior wall is 1.36±0.04 mm. On the 30th day from the beginning of the experiment, the thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle was 3.21±0.11 mm, the side wall 2.65±0.06 mm, the posterior wall 3.27±0.09 mm, the interventricular septum 3.14±0.13 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.09±0.04 mm, the posterior wall is 1.38±0.03 mm. Conclusions. The increase in heart mass, change in its shape due to changes in the middle third of the heart wall of both the left and right ventricles. The highest rates were in the middle third of the heart (zone "B"): In all layers of the myocardium there is an increase in the diameter of cardiomyocytes, a decrease in the distance between individual cardiomyocytes and their groups. The distance between adjacent cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle is: in the outer layer 1/8 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyte, between groups of cardiomyocytes 1/4 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyt

Parasympathetic control of the heart. I. An interventriculo-septal ganglion is the major source of the vagal intracardiac innervation of the ventricles

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2265-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannis A. Johnson ◽  
Alrich L. Gray ◽  
Jean-Marie Lauenstein ◽  
Stephen S. Newton ◽  
V. John Massari
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Intracardiac Ganglia ◽  
The Right

The locations, projections, and functions of the intracardiac ganglia are incompletely understood. Immunocytochemical labeling with the general neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used to determine the distribution of intracardiac neurons throughout the cat atria and ventricles. Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the number of neurons within these ganglia. There are eight regions of the cat heart that contain intracardiac ganglia. The numbers of neurons found within these intracardiac ganglia vary dramatically. The total number of neurons found in the heart (6,274 ± 1,061) is almost evenly divided between the atria and the ventricles. The largest ganglion is found in the interventricular septum (IVS). Retrogradely labeled fluorescent tracer studies indicated that the vagal intracardiac innervation of the anterior surface of the right ventricle originates predominantly in the IVS ganglion. A cranioventricular (CV) ganglion was retrogradely labeled from the anterior surface of the left ventricle but not from the anterior surface of the right ventricle. These new neuroanatomic data support the prior physiological hypothesis that the CV ganglion in the cat exerts a negative inotropic effect on the left ventricle. A total of three separate intracardiac ganglia innervate the left ventricle, i.e., the CV, IVS, and a second left ventricular (LV2) ganglion. However, the IVS ganglion provides the major source of innervation to both the left and right ventricles. This dual innervation pattern may help to coordinate or segregate vagal effects on left and right ventricular performance.

A Misdiagnosed Case of Double Outlet Right Atrium Associated With Hypoplastic Right Ventricle

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-360
Author(s):  
Irene Raso ◽  
Andrea Quarti ◽  
Massimo Chessa ◽  
Domenica Paola Basile ◽  
Antonio Saracino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Hypoplastic Right Ventricle ◽  
The Right

Double outlet right atrium (DORA) is a rare congenital heart disease in which the right atrium opens into both ventricles. The reduced leftward motion of the interventricular septum causes a malalignment between the atrial and the ventricular septum at the cardiac crux, which is the pathognomonic feature of this heart defect. We describe a case of significant exertional desaturation in an adult patient who was diagnosed with DORA, restrictive right ventricle, and anomalous tricuspid valve. Subsequently, the patient underwent one-and-a-half ventricular palliation.

The left atrium and the right ventricle: two supporting chambers to the failing left ventricle

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cameli ◽  
Maria Concetta Pastore ◽  
Michael Y. Henein ◽  
Sergio Mondillo
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
The Right
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