scholarly journals Morphometric Indicators of Rat Myocardium under the Action of General Hypothermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
M. S. Belimenko ◽  
◽  
V. V. Kosharniy ◽  
L. V. Abdul-Ogly ◽  
G. O. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intact Rats

Hypothermia is a situation in which the internal body temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius. The article presents the relevance, theoretical aspects and features of the action of general hypothermia on the heart in general and cardiomyocytes in particular. The purpose of the study was to study the changes in the myocardium under the action of general hypothermia at different levels of structural organization. The object of the study were the hearts of laboratory adult rats. The study involved 20 animals. The longitudinal section shows that the right ventricle is much thinner than the left and its cavity is presented in the form of a crescent. The interventricular septum is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle and goes into its cavity. Results. To establish the shape of the heart and track the dynamic changes at the organ level, we calculated an index showing the ratio of the width of the heart to its length. In 80% of cases, the heart shape of intact rats was conical, the index averaged 55%, only 20% elliptical, the index was more than 65%. We did not observe other forms of heart in the group of intact rats. In the experimental groups, a spherical heart shape appeared. The thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle for 10 days from the beginning of the experiment was 3.15±0.11 mm, the side wall 3.1±0.11 mm, the posterior wall 2.45±0.04 mm, interventricular septum 2.95±0.09 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.04±0.03 mm, the posterior wall is 1.36±0.04 mm. On the 30th day from the beginning of the experiment, the thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle was 3.21±0.11 mm, the side wall 2.65±0.06 mm, the posterior wall 3.27±0.09 mm, the interventricular septum 3.14±0.13 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.09±0.04 mm, the posterior wall is 1.38±0.03 mm. Conclusions. The increase in heart mass, change in its shape due to changes in the middle third of the heart wall of both the left and right ventricles. The highest rates were in the middle third of the heart (zone "B"): In all layers of the myocardium there is an increase in the diameter of cardiomyocytes, a decrease in the distance between individual cardiomyocytes and their groups. The distance between adjacent cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle is: in the outer layer 1/8 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyte, between groups of cardiomyocytes 1/4 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyt

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NOCTURNAL INCREASE OF BLOOD PRESSURE ON CARDIAC REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
A. I Miroshnichenko ◽  
K. M Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Actuality. Arterial hypertension (AH) is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, disability and cardiovascular mortality. Episodes of blood pressure (BP) increase during the day in patients receiving antihypertensive therapy are an unfavourable factor contributing to the development and progression of cardiac remodeling. Aim. The purpose of the research is to study the features of changes in the structural and functional state of the heart under the influence of high blood pressure at night in patients with arterial hypertension with the dynamic three-year observation. Material and methods. 47 patients with the diagnosis of AH were examined. Patients were divided into two groups, randomized by age, duration and severity of AH. Group 1 included 24 patients who as a result of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) on the background of combined antihypertensive therapy suffered from constantly increased BP at night. The second group combined 23 patients without the increase in BP during the night according to the ABPM with antihypertensive therapy. The examination included measurement of the office BP, ABPM, two-fold echocardiography with a three-year interval. Results. When assessing the indices of office BP in the groups, there were no significant differences, all patients achieved the target values of BP. In patients in Group 1, higher values of BP were observed during the day, according to ABPM. Echocardiography over a three year period of observation revealed a more pronounced increase in diastolic interventricular septum thickness, the thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during diastole, sizes of left atrium in the patients of the first group, patients of the second group had a more pronounced thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during systole. The increase in the size of the right ventricle was revealed in both groups. Conclusions. 1) In patients with the increase in blood pressure at night, the values of BP variability were higher during the day. 2) Three-year dynamic observation revealed that the increase in BP at night in patients with hypertension facilitated acceleration of cardiac remodelling and was associated with an increase in the left ventricular posterior wall, interventricular septum thickness, the size of the left atrium, and the size of the right ventricle.

scholarly journals Morphological and morphometric analysis from the heart of Caracara plancus (Carcará)

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
R. Miguel ◽  
R. Reinaldo ◽  
K. Fraga ◽  
A. Galvão ◽  
J. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: Caracara plancus, popularly known as Carcará, is a bird with broad geographic distribution, occurring from the southern United States to Argentina. Owing to importance of the heart during the flight and the lack of studies of this body in caracaras, this research aimed to conduct the description of the morphology and internal and external morphology heart Caracara plancus. Materials and Methods: Using a magnifying glass (TECNIVAL, SQF-F), precision scale and steel caliper, the heart three caracaras were described morphologically, weighed and measured. Results: The weight of hearts averaged 7,246g ± 0,518g. The mean side-to-side axis was 2,196cm ± 0,085cm and 3,366cm ± 0,036cm the longitudinal axis. In the side wall of the right ventricle was obtained the value of 0,185cm ± 0,035cm in the lateral wall of the left ventricle 0,59cm ± 0,014cm and interventricular septum 0,014cm ± 0.52cm. The heart of Carcará has no anterior interventricular groove; however there is the presence of the posterior interventricular sulcus. Internally, the left ventricle was observed, the presence of atrioventricular valves formed by connective tissue 18 tendinous cords, papillary muscles and a bridge crests. In the right ventricle, the atrioventricular valve was formed by muscle tissue and did not submit chordae, papillary muscles, crests or bridge. Conclusion: The heart of Carcará features in its morphology similar to the hearts of other birds and can be checked one right atrioventricular valve constituted by muscle tissue.

scholarly journals Difference in Thickness Between Right Ventricle and Left Ventricle of Adult Human Heart: A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8116-8119
Author(s):  
Kalpana Thounaojam ◽  
◽  
Keisam Anupama Devi ◽  
Joyce Tunglut ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Right

Background: The left ventricle is longer and narrower than the right ventricle, extending from its base in the plane of the atrioventricular groove to the cardiac apex. The wall of the left ventricle is three times thicker (8-12 mm) than those of right ventricle. The wall of the right ventricle is relatively thin (3–5 mm), the ratio of the thickness of the two ventricular walls usually being 1:3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocardial wall thickening, particularly a disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum in comparison with the posterior wall. An athlete’s heart may physiologically hypertrophy but in a uniform fashion. The objective of the study is to determine the thickness of wall of right and left ventricle of adult human heart and ratio of thickness of right and left ventricle. Materials and Methods: Adult human hearts were procured from the specimens preserved in Anatomy Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences. A cross-sectional study was conducted on forty- four specimen of adult heart. The measurement of the right and left ventricular wall was done with digital vernier caliper. The measurements were done at three levels in both right and left ventricle: upper, middle and lower part. Result and Conclusion: The ratio of the thickness of the wall of right and left ventricle is well known as 1:3. However, in our study we found the ratio as 1:1.4. We found the thickness of the right ventricle thicker than the normal thickness reported in previous studies. We wish to continue the study with a larger sample size. KEY WORDS: Heart, Right ventricle, left ventricle, Thickness Ratio, Myocardium.

Cat heart acetylcholine: structural proof and distribution

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Brown
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cat Heart

The distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cat heart was investigated by a pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC) method. The hearts were dissected into various regions and homogenized in acetonitrile in the presence of propionylcholine, internal standard. Following extraction with toluene and hexane, the choline esters were precipitated as the enneaiodide complex. The isolated choline esters were analyzed by PGC, and the peak corresponding to ACh was quantified. The compound extracted from heart tissue that eluted with the retention time of authentic ACh was identified by mass spectrometry as dimethylaminoethylacetate, the pyrolysis product of ACh. ACh concentrations were found to be higher in the atria than the ventricles. In both the atria and the ventricles, a higher content of ACh was found in the right than the left portions: right ventricle, 5.0 compared to left ventricle, 2.0 nmol/g; and right atrium, 16.8 compared to left atrium, 11.3 nmol/g. Some cats were subjected to a bilateral cervical vagotomy 3 wk before removal and analysis of heart tissue. Hearts from vagotomized cats contained less ACh than controls in the right ventricle (-31%), right atrium (-54%), SA node (-42%), and papillary muscle (-53%), but no decreases were found in the left ventricle, left atrium, or interventricular septum.

scholarly journals Transthoracic delivery of large devices into the left ventricle through the right ventricle and interventricular septum: preclinical feasibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Halabi ◽  
Kanishka Ratnayaka ◽  
Anthony Z Faranesh ◽  
Michael S Hansen ◽  
Israel M Barbash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals P268 Epicardial cyst in a three months old baby: a challenging decision

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M De Roberto ◽  
A Del Pasqua ◽  
M Chinali ◽  
P Francalanci ◽  
C Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Bronchogenic Cyst ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract We report a case of a three months old baby, with no history of heart disease, referred to our center for cardiological screening. EKG was normal and a physiologic 1/6 systolic murmur was present. Conversely, echocardiography revealed a thin-walled, echo-free cystic intrapericardic structure adjacent to the posterior wall of the left ventricle; no signs of compression on cardiac structures were evident. CAT scan confirmed the presence of echo-free cystic over-diaphragmatic structure at the crux cordis level. The cyst was described as located between visceral pericardial layer and muscolar ventricular wall and appeared to cause compression on the midbasal wall of the left ventricle, of the interventricular septum and less extensively on the right ventricle. The dimension of the cyst was 2.7x2.5x1.8 cm. Worthy of note, posterior interventricular and posterolateral coronary arteries were very close to the cyst and partially pushed apart one from the other by the mass. Eight months after the diagnosis we detected an increase in mass size, confirmed also by cardiac MRI showing a mass of 4.5x3.4x3 cm with an extimated volume of 23 cm2. Because of significant increase of dimension of the cyst we decided for surgical excision of the mass. The cyst contained clear and translucent fluid and was successfully removed. Pleuropericardial window was created to prevent pericardial effusion. Histopathological report suggested the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst because of the presence of smooth muscle. Bronchogenic cyst are closed epithelial-lined sacs developed from the respiratory system as the result of an abnormal budding process during the early development of the foregut. These congenital malformations are usually located in the mediastinum or in the lung parenchyma, but atypical locations such as neck, intramedullary part of the spine, diaphragm or intraabdominal region have been reported. Only a few cases occurring in the heart have been described, but their location in the left ventricle is extremely rare. Bronchogenic cyst are usually asymptomatic: symptoms are related to the interaction with the adjacent structures and therefore depend on the dimensions and the localization of the mass. Surgical approach is mandatory if a complication occurs. Conversely there is not a unique approach for asymptomatic mass as in our case. The young age of the baby and the absence of symptoms argued in favor of a "watchful waiting" strategy. Nevertheless, the particular localization of the cyst at the crux cordis level, its relatively rapid growth and above all the evidence of a close relationship with the coronary arteries, suggesting a concrete risk of compression with further enlargement, were determinant for the final decision for surgical excision. Abstract P268 Figure 1

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY OF TEMPORARY EPICARDIAL BIVENTRICULAR RESYNCHRONIZATION PACING AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY

2015 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
G. G. Khubulava ◽  
A. B. Naumov ◽  
S. P. Marchenko ◽  
V. V. Suvorov ◽  
I. I. Averkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Crista Terminalis ◽  
Temporary Pacing ◽  
Epicardial Pacing ◽  
The Right

The temporary pacing is provided as a key principle of maintenance and correction of hemodynamics after weaning the patient from cardiopulmonary bypass. There are conventional algorithms of temporary pacing, but the substantiation of electrode fixation areas is variable. The authors experimentally investigated the efficacy of temporary epicardial pacing in DDD and DDDBV using 18 laboratory animals after cardiac surgery with application of cardiopulmonary bypass. The hemodynamic parameters were compared in given groups. It was noted that in case of temporary epicardial pacing in DDDBV conditions was the best hemodynamic effect. The authors recommended more optimal areas for electrode fixation in temporary pacing: bachmans bunble (closest to the artrial septum), proximal part of the crista terminalis for the right atrium electrodes; the front-side free wall of the right ventricle at the distance of 3-4 cm from the apex of the heart, diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle proximal to artioventricular groove for the right ventricle electrodes; obtuse margin (side wall of the left ventricle), diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle proximal to artioventricular groove for the left ventricle electrodes.

Parasympathetic control of the heart. I. An interventriculo-septal ganglion is the major source of the vagal intracardiac innervation of the ventricles

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2265-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannis A. Johnson ◽  
Alrich L. Gray ◽  
Jean-Marie Lauenstein ◽  
Stephen S. Newton ◽  
V. John Massari
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Intracardiac Ganglia ◽  
The Right

The locations, projections, and functions of the intracardiac ganglia are incompletely understood. Immunocytochemical labeling with the general neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used to determine the distribution of intracardiac neurons throughout the cat atria and ventricles. Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the number of neurons within these ganglia. There are eight regions of the cat heart that contain intracardiac ganglia. The numbers of neurons found within these intracardiac ganglia vary dramatically. The total number of neurons found in the heart (6,274 ± 1,061) is almost evenly divided between the atria and the ventricles. The largest ganglion is found in the interventricular septum (IVS). Retrogradely labeled fluorescent tracer studies indicated that the vagal intracardiac innervation of the anterior surface of the right ventricle originates predominantly in the IVS ganglion. A cranioventricular (CV) ganglion was retrogradely labeled from the anterior surface of the left ventricle but not from the anterior surface of the right ventricle. These new neuroanatomic data support the prior physiological hypothesis that the CV ganglion in the cat exerts a negative inotropic effect on the left ventricle. A total of three separate intracardiac ganglia innervate the left ventricle, i.e., the CV, IVS, and a second left ventricular (LV2) ganglion. However, the IVS ganglion provides the major source of innervation to both the left and right ventricles. This dual innervation pattern may help to coordinate or segregate vagal effects on left and right ventricular performance.

scholarly journals Giant Cardiac Hydatid Cyst in Children: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S15862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Fiengo ◽  
Federico Bucci ◽  
Domenico Giannotti ◽  
Gregorio Patrizi ◽  
Adriano Redler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cardiac Cyst

Cardiac echinococcus is a rare affliction of the heart caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Primary echinococcosis of the heart represents 0.5–2% of all hydatid disease cases in endemic regions. It evolves slowly, explaining its rarity in children. We report the case of a 11-year-old child affected by a giant cardiac cyst of the left ventricle (LV). The patient underwent cardiac surgery and medical treatment. A retrospective review of the current literature was realized. We found 18 cases: the mean age was 11-years old. Nine cysts were localized in the LV, four in the interventricular septum, three in the right ventricle, and two in the right atrium. All underwent surgery except six patients. Routine echocardiographic screening may be useful in endemic regions where infestation is common. Cardiac echinococcus should be diagnosed in the early and uncomplicated stages and be removed surgically even in asymptomatic patients.

Pacing of the interventricular septum with His bundle engagement, unlike myocardial pacings of the right ventricle, does not lead to ventricular dyssynchrony, as assessed by ultra-high frequency ECG

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Curila ◽  
P Jurak ◽  
J Karch ◽  
J Halamek ◽  
R Prochazkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Ventricular Dyssynchrony ◽  
His Bundle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ventricular Depolarization

Abstract Background Nonselective pacing of the distal His bundle is practically just another way of right ventricular septal pacing. It leads to the concomitant activation of the His bundle and septal myocytes with unknown impact on ventricular synchrony. Ultra-high frequency ECG (UHF-ECG) is a novel tool for ventricular depolarization imaging. Purpose To describe ventricular depolarization patterns during nonselective pacing of a ventricular aspect of His bundle and myocardial captures from different locations in the right ventricle by using the UHF-ECG. Methods Consecutive patients with an indication for permanent pacing due to bradycardia were included. During pacemaker implantation, the pacing lead was temporarily placed in prespecified locations of the right ventricle (mid-septum, anterior, lateral wall, and the para-hisian area of the RV). When pacing from mentioned locations, myocardial activation time under each specific lead (Vd), and ventricular dyssynchrony (e-DYS) indexes were calculated from UHF-ECG maps, for each particular type of pacing. The demonstration of UHF-ECG maps during pacing from different locations of the right ventricle is shown in the figure. Results Two hundred and fifty UHF ECG recordings were performed in forty-six patients. The calculated mean e-DYS parameter was significantly shorter during non-selective capture of the distal His bundle (14±8 ms) compared to each of myocardial captures of the right ventricle (pure myocardial para-hisian; 35±12 ms, mid-septal; 28±11 ms, anterior wall; 51±16 ms and lateral wall; 62±19 ms (p<0.001). The Vd was also shortest during non-selective capture of the distal His bundle (39±5 ms) compared to each of the others (pure myocardial para-hisian; 52±11 ms, RV mid-septal; 57±11 ms, RV anterior wall; 68±12 ms and RV lateral wall pacing; 85±14 ms (p<0.001). Conclusion Pacing of the basal interventricular septum with the engagement of the His bundle produced a superior depolarization pattern in both heart ventricles compared to other types of right ventricular myocardial capture, as assessed using UHF-ECG. Figure 1. Examples of UHF-ECG depolarization maps of different types of ventricular activation in the same patient. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Charles University in Prague

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