scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NOCTURNAL INCREASE OF BLOOD PRESSURE ON CARDIAC REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
A. I Miroshnichenko ◽  
K. M Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Actuality. Arterial hypertension (AH) is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, disability and cardiovascular mortality. Episodes of blood pressure (BP) increase during the day in patients receiving antihypertensive therapy are an unfavourable factor contributing to the development and progression of cardiac remodeling. Aim. The purpose of the research is to study the features of changes in the structural and functional state of the heart under the influence of high blood pressure at night in patients with arterial hypertension with the dynamic three-year observation. Material and methods. 47 patients with the diagnosis of AH were examined. Patients were divided into two groups, randomized by age, duration and severity of AH. Group 1 included 24 patients who as a result of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) on the background of combined antihypertensive therapy suffered from constantly increased BP at night. The second group combined 23 patients without the increase in BP during the night according to the ABPM with antihypertensive therapy. The examination included measurement of the office BP, ABPM, two-fold echocardiography with a three-year interval. Results. When assessing the indices of office BP in the groups, there were no significant differences, all patients achieved the target values of BP. In patients in Group 1, higher values of BP were observed during the day, according to ABPM. Echocardiography over a three year period of observation revealed a more pronounced increase in diastolic interventricular septum thickness, the thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during diastole, sizes of left atrium in the patients of the first group, patients of the second group had a more pronounced thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during systole. The increase in the size of the right ventricle was revealed in both groups. Conclusions. 1) In patients with the increase in blood pressure at night, the values of BP variability were higher during the day. 2) Three-year dynamic observation revealed that the increase in BP at night in patients with hypertension facilitated acceleration of cardiac remodelling and was associated with an increase in the left ventricular posterior wall, interventricular septum thickness, the size of the left atrium, and the size of the right ventricle.

scholarly journals Morphometric Indicators of Rat Myocardium under the Action of General Hypothermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
M. S. Belimenko ◽  
◽  
V. V. Kosharniy ◽  
L. V. Abdul-Ogly ◽  
G. O. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intact Rats

Hypothermia is a situation in which the internal body temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius. The article presents the relevance, theoretical aspects and features of the action of general hypothermia on the heart in general and cardiomyocytes in particular. The purpose of the study was to study the changes in the myocardium under the action of general hypothermia at different levels of structural organization. The object of the study were the hearts of laboratory adult rats. The study involved 20 animals. The longitudinal section shows that the right ventricle is much thinner than the left and its cavity is presented in the form of a crescent. The interventricular septum is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle and goes into its cavity. Results. To establish the shape of the heart and track the dynamic changes at the organ level, we calculated an index showing the ratio of the width of the heart to its length. In 80% of cases, the heart shape of intact rats was conical, the index averaged 55%, only 20% elliptical, the index was more than 65%. We did not observe other forms of heart in the group of intact rats. In the experimental groups, a spherical heart shape appeared. The thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle for 10 days from the beginning of the experiment was 3.15±0.11 mm, the side wall 3.1±0.11 mm, the posterior wall 2.45±0.04 mm, interventricular septum 2.95±0.09 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.04±0.03 mm, the posterior wall is 1.36±0.04 mm. On the 30th day from the beginning of the experiment, the thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle was 3.21±0.11 mm, the side wall 2.65±0.06 mm, the posterior wall 3.27±0.09 mm, the interventricular septum 3.14±0.13 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.09±0.04 mm, the posterior wall is 1.38±0.03 mm. Conclusions. The increase in heart mass, change in its shape due to changes in the middle third of the heart wall of both the left and right ventricles. The highest rates were in the middle third of the heart (zone "B"): In all layers of the myocardium there is an increase in the diameter of cardiomyocytes, a decrease in the distance between individual cardiomyocytes and their groups. The distance between adjacent cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle is: in the outer layer 1/8 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyte, between groups of cardiomyocytes 1/4 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyt

scholarly journals Difference in Thickness Between Right Ventricle and Left Ventricle of Adult Human Heart: A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8116-8119
Author(s):  
Kalpana Thounaojam ◽  
◽  
Keisam Anupama Devi ◽  
Joyce Tunglut ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Right

Background: The left ventricle is longer and narrower than the right ventricle, extending from its base in the plane of the atrioventricular groove to the cardiac apex. The wall of the left ventricle is three times thicker (8-12 mm) than those of right ventricle. The wall of the right ventricle is relatively thin (3–5 mm), the ratio of the thickness of the two ventricular walls usually being 1:3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocardial wall thickening, particularly a disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum in comparison with the posterior wall. An athlete’s heart may physiologically hypertrophy but in a uniform fashion. The objective of the study is to determine the thickness of wall of right and left ventricle of adult human heart and ratio of thickness of right and left ventricle. Materials and Methods: Adult human hearts were procured from the specimens preserved in Anatomy Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences. A cross-sectional study was conducted on forty- four specimen of adult heart. The measurement of the right and left ventricular wall was done with digital vernier caliper. The measurements were done at three levels in both right and left ventricle: upper, middle and lower part. Result and Conclusion: The ratio of the thickness of the wall of right and left ventricle is well known as 1:3. However, in our study we found the ratio as 1:1.4. We found the thickness of the right ventricle thicker than the normal thickness reported in previous studies. We wish to continue the study with a larger sample size. KEY WORDS: Heart, Right ventricle, left ventricle, Thickness Ratio, Myocardium.

scholarly journals P955 left ventricle cardiac remodeling among lithuanian football versus basketball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aldujeli ◽  
J Laukaitiene ◽  
R Unikas
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Relative Wall Thickness ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Lv Mass

Abstract Background Regular physical exercise causes a continuous gradual increase of the cardiac left ventricular (LV) mass known as physiological adaptive hypertrophy. The extent of LV remodeling depends on the type, amount, and intensity of the exercise. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare structural changes of the heart among Lithuanian football, basketball players and unathletic controls. Methods A total of 50 Lithuanian males aged between 20-29 years volunteered to participate in the study. Football players (n = 15) playing for local II league football clubs,and Basketball players (n = 15) playing for local minor league basketball teams. All athletes had been regularly engaged in their sport for at least three years. Inactive healthy volunteers (n = 20) of similar age served as controls. Routine transthoracic echocardiographic examinations to measure end-diastolic LV dimensions were performed by cardiology fellow under the supervision of a fully licensed cardiologist. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 20.0 software. The value of p < 0,05 was considered as statistically significant. Results No structural or functional pathologies were evident during the echocardiographic examination in any of the subjects. Absolute interventricular septum (IVS) thickness and LV posterior wall thickness, but not LV diameter, were higher in athletes than in inactive controls (P < 0,001). Indexed LV diameter was higher in football players as compared with non-athlete controls and basketball players (P < 0,05). Left ventricular mass of all athletes were higher as compared with controls (p < 0.001). Relative wall thickness was not increased in football players but was higher in basketball players as compared with controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion Cardiac remodeling in Lithuanian football players resulted in left ventricle eccentric hypertrophy due to the LV dilation, increased LV mass and relatively normal relative wall thickness. However in Lithuanian basketball players we noticed an increase in both relative wall thickness and LV mass resulting in LV concentric hypertrophy. Echocardiographic characteristics Groups n End-diastolic LV diameter(mm) End-diastolic Interventricular septum (mm) End-diastolic LV posterior wall LV mass Football Players 15 56.9 10.8 10.8 242 Basketball players 15 53.6 11.5 11.3 254 Inactive individuals 20 53.2 9.1 9.5 182 P value 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 Abstract P955 Figure.

Cat heart acetylcholine: structural proof and distribution

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Brown
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cat Heart

The distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cat heart was investigated by a pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC) method. The hearts were dissected into various regions and homogenized in acetonitrile in the presence of propionylcholine, internal standard. Following extraction with toluene and hexane, the choline esters were precipitated as the enneaiodide complex. The isolated choline esters were analyzed by PGC, and the peak corresponding to ACh was quantified. The compound extracted from heart tissue that eluted with the retention time of authentic ACh was identified by mass spectrometry as dimethylaminoethylacetate, the pyrolysis product of ACh. ACh concentrations were found to be higher in the atria than the ventricles. In both the atria and the ventricles, a higher content of ACh was found in the right than the left portions: right ventricle, 5.0 compared to left ventricle, 2.0 nmol/g; and right atrium, 16.8 compared to left atrium, 11.3 nmol/g. Some cats were subjected to a bilateral cervical vagotomy 3 wk before removal and analysis of heart tissue. Hearts from vagotomized cats contained less ACh than controls in the right ventricle (-31%), right atrium (-54%), SA node (-42%), and papillary muscle (-53%), but no decreases were found in the left ventricle, left atrium, or interventricular septum.

Aortic Ring Rupture in Stallions

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Rooney ◽  
M. E. Prickett ◽  
M. W. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
The Right

Eight cases of acquired rupture of the aortic ring in the right coronary sinus with dissection (cardioaortic fistula) into the interventricular septum and into the right ventricle have been described in stallions. It is postulated that the ruptures are due to increased blood pressure during breeding and the direction of a recoiling column of blood against an area of anatomic weakness.

scholarly journals Transthoracic delivery of large devices into the left ventricle through the right ventricle and interventricular septum: preclinical feasibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Halabi ◽  
Kanishka Ratnayaka ◽  
Anthony Z Faranesh ◽  
Michael S Hansen ◽  
Israel M Barbash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals P268 Epicardial cyst in a three months old baby: a challenging decision

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M De Roberto ◽  
A Del Pasqua ◽  
M Chinali ◽  
P Francalanci ◽  
C Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Bronchogenic Cyst ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract We report a case of a three months old baby, with no history of heart disease, referred to our center for cardiological screening. EKG was normal and a physiologic 1/6 systolic murmur was present. Conversely, echocardiography revealed a thin-walled, echo-free cystic intrapericardic structure adjacent to the posterior wall of the left ventricle; no signs of compression on cardiac structures were evident. CAT scan confirmed the presence of echo-free cystic over-diaphragmatic structure at the crux cordis level. The cyst was described as located between visceral pericardial layer and muscolar ventricular wall and appeared to cause compression on the midbasal wall of the left ventricle, of the interventricular septum and less extensively on the right ventricle. The dimension of the cyst was 2.7x2.5x1.8 cm. Worthy of note, posterior interventricular and posterolateral coronary arteries were very close to the cyst and partially pushed apart one from the other by the mass. Eight months after the diagnosis we detected an increase in mass size, confirmed also by cardiac MRI showing a mass of 4.5x3.4x3 cm with an extimated volume of 23 cm2. Because of significant increase of dimension of the cyst we decided for surgical excision of the mass. The cyst contained clear and translucent fluid and was successfully removed. Pleuropericardial window was created to prevent pericardial effusion. Histopathological report suggested the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst because of the presence of smooth muscle. Bronchogenic cyst are closed epithelial-lined sacs developed from the respiratory system as the result of an abnormal budding process during the early development of the foregut. These congenital malformations are usually located in the mediastinum or in the lung parenchyma, but atypical locations such as neck, intramedullary part of the spine, diaphragm or intraabdominal region have been reported. Only a few cases occurring in the heart have been described, but their location in the left ventricle is extremely rare. Bronchogenic cyst are usually asymptomatic: symptoms are related to the interaction with the adjacent structures and therefore depend on the dimensions and the localization of the mass. Surgical approach is mandatory if a complication occurs. Conversely there is not a unique approach for asymptomatic mass as in our case. The young age of the baby and the absence of symptoms argued in favor of a "watchful waiting" strategy. Nevertheless, the particular localization of the cyst at the crux cordis level, its relatively rapid growth and above all the evidence of a close relationship with the coronary arteries, suggesting a concrete risk of compression with further enlargement, were determinant for the final decision for surgical excision. Abstract P268 Figure 1

P671 Can catestatin be used as an alternative or addition to cardiac remodeling ultrasound traditional criteria in patients with essential hypertension?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gubareva ◽  
N Kryukov ◽  
I Gubareva
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricle Remodeling ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Samara Governor Grant in the field of science and technics 2018 Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases and remains one of the most important medical and social problems in the world. Left ventricle hypertrophy, caused by chronic increased blood pressure, is an important independent risk factor for sudden death, myocardial infarction, stroke and other cardiovascular complications. Catestatin is a peptide, belonging to the buffer system "catecholamines-catestatin" and changes of its concentrations contribute to early EH pathogenesis. The aim of the research was to evaluate correlations of catestatin concentrations with cardiac remodeling ultrasound traditional criteria in patients with EH of different cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. The study included 180 male patients in age from 30 to 50 years with a diagnosis of EH, who signed an informed consent to participate in the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups – group 1 (n = 28) – EH of an average risk of cardiovascular complications (CVC), group 2 (n = 76) – EH of a high risk of CVC, group 3 (n = 31) – EH of very high risk of CVC and the group of contril – 45 almost healthy men with normal and optimal blood pressure. Transthoracic echocardiography and sonography of the brachiocephalic trunk arteries were performed. The results. Intra-group analysis of the data revealed a statistically significant negative correlation of catestatin concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery on the left in group 2 (r=-0,246; p = 0,040). In patients with EH catestatin and left ventricle end-diastolic volume correlations were revealed (r = 0,827; p = 0,011). Intra-group correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation of catestatin concentrations and left ventricle posterior wall thickness (r=-0,523; p = 0,045), interventricular septum thickness (r=-0,523, p = 0,045) in diastole in group 2; with left ventricle posterior wall thickness (r = 0,258; p = 0,035) and interventricular septum thickness (r = 0,254; p = 0,038) in systole in group 3. Correlation analysis of the data discovered a statistically significant negative relationship between catestatin concentrations and left ventricle remodeling (r=-0,171, p = 0,042). In patients with normal heart geometry, statistically significant (p = 0,04) higher concentrations of catestatin were obtained in comparison with patients with left ventricle remodeling (9,05 ± 5,12 vs. 7,49 ± 3,62 ng/ml, respectively). The conclusion. The decrease of catestatin concentrations in patients with EH of a high and very high risk of CVC is associated with cardiovascular remodeling, mediated by hypertenstion. Catestatin can be used in addition to cardiac remodeling ultrasound traditional criteria in patients with essential hypertension.

Diastolic function of the right ventricle in workers of coal mining enterprises in the South of Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Korotenko ◽  
Egor S. Filimonov ◽  
Nikolay I. Panev ◽  
Evgeniya V. Ulanova
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
The South ◽  
Open Pit Mines ◽  
Right Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Diastolic function is characterized by the earliest changes in the ventricular myocardium, rather than violations of their contractility, and can be used in the algorithm of prophylactic measures to prevent fatal cardiovascular events, including in people working at industrial enterprises. The objective of the study was to assess the indices of diastolic function of the right ventricle in workers of the coal mining industry in the South of Kuzbass. Materials and methods. Under the conditions of a periodic medical examination, we surveyed 337 people without lung diseases and coronary heart disease, of which 206 workers of coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 131 workers of open pit mines, aged from 40 to 55 years (the average age of the miners was 46.12±0.36 years old, of the workers at open pit mines was 46.98±0.34 years, p=0.107). On the ultrasound system "Vivid E9" manufactured by General Electric, all examined persons underwent an assessment of the structural and functional state of the heart. Results. Diastolic dysfunction in the form of a decrease in the ratio of transtricuspid flows less than one was revealed in 22.5% of the miners with arterial hypertension and in 2.6% of the subjects without it (p=0.00001), in the workers of open pit mines there was in 12.3% and 8.3%, respectively (p=0.071). A decrease in the ratio of tissue Doppler flows of tricuspid annulus plane movement was detected in 89.9% of the miners with arterial hypertension and in 81.2% of the subjects without it (p=0.083), this parameter also did not differ among the workers of open pit mines (68.4% and 60.3% respectively, p=0.337), but the differences between the miners and the workers of the open pit mines turned out to be reliable (p=0.0012 in those examined with arterial hypertension, p=0.0015 - without it). Based on the conducted correlation analysis, it was revealed that the development of impaired right ventricular diastolic function in coal industry workers was influenced not only by generally accepted factors and concomitant arterial hypertension, but also by long-term work experience in underground conditions in the miners. Conclusion. The development of diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle in miners was influenced by work experience in underground working conditions, the presence of arterial hypertension, a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle, a decline in the vital capacity of the lungs and impaired diastolic function of the left ventricle. Associations of right ventricular diastolic function indices with the presence of arterial hypertension, increased values of the smoker’s index, Quetelet index, waist circumference, relative wall thickness index of the left ventricle, a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and forced expiratory volume in 1 second and impaired diastolic function of the left ventricle were revealed in the workers of open pit mines.

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