Hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in immature rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Marc B. Hershenson ◽  
Shahriar Aghili ◽  
Naresh Punjabi ◽  
Claudia Hernandez ◽  
Daniel W. Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance

Pages L263–L269: Hershenson, Marc B., Shahriar Aghili, Naresh Punjabi, Claudia Hernandez, Daniel W. Ray, Allan Garland, Seymour Glagov, and Julian Solway. “Hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in immature rats.” Page 264: right-hand column, 2nd paragraph in the results section, the first sentence, with corrected values, should read: There was no difference in baseline Rrs between air-exposed and O2-exposed rats (control, n = 20, 0.348 ± 0.212 cmH2O·ml-1·s; hyperoxia, n = 19, 0.252 ± 0.078 cmH2O·ml-1·s; NS). Since all of our other calculations were based on changes in respiratory system resistance relative to baseline, the major findings and conclusions of the article are not altered by this calibration error.

Respiratory system mechanics in mice measured by end-inflation occlusion

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ewart ◽  
R. Levitt ◽  
W. Mitzner
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance ◽  
Dose Dependent

Characterization of pulmonary function parameters in mice will facilitate the dissection of genetic mechanisms underlying airway hyperresponsiveness. We evaluated acetylcholine (ACh)-induced respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) in A/J and C3H/HeJ mice and compared these results with the previously used airway pressure-time index (APTI). A low-dead-space ventilatory system was designed to ventilate anesthetized mice with constant inspiratory flow. The end-inflation occlusion method was used to measure Rrs and Ers at baseline and after intravenous ACh (12.5–75.0 micrograms/kg) challenge. ACh induced a dose-dependent rise in Rrs and Ers in A/J mice, whereas minimal changes were observed in C3H/HeJ mice. A/J mice had a higher baseline Rrs, yet the response to ACh was independent of baseline Rrs. Additionally, sequential ACh challenges led to augmented responses. Rrs, Ers, and APTI were strongly correlated, and each was useful to detect differences in interstrain cholinergic-induced airway responsiveness. The Rrs detected the smallest differences between the strains of mice studied.

Editorial Note

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Note ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

scholarly journals CORRESPONDENCE

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-506
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
On Line ◽  
Hereditary Persistence ◽  
The Right

Abstract A portion of Dr. C. Lockard Conley’s letter in the August issue of BLOOD appeared garbled due to omission of some type. On page 235, the sentence beginning on line 22 of the right-hand column, and the following sentence, should have read as follows: A similar mechanism may be involved in hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. An overlapping deletion involving contiguous loci provides a simple and adequate explanation for the occurrence of this anomaly.

Mechanics of the respiratory system in the newborn tammar wallaby

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. MacFarlane ◽  
P. B. Frappell ◽  
J. P. Mortola
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Ventilatory Equivalent ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance

SUMMARY We investigated whether the mechanical properties of the respiratory system represent a major constraint to spontaneous breathing in the newborn tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii, which is born after a very short gestation (approximately 28 days, birth mass approximately 380 mg). The rate of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) through the skin was approximately 33 % of the total V̇O2 at day 1 and approximately 14 % at day 6. The mass-specific resting minute ventilation (V̇e) and the ventilatory equivalent (V̇e/V̇O2) were approximately the same at the two ages, with a breathing pattern significantly deeper and slower at day 1. The mass-specific compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) did not differ significantly between the two age groups and was close to the values predicted from measurements in eutherian newborns. Mass-specific respiratory system resistance (Rrs) at day 1 was higher than at day 6, and also higher than in eutherian newborns. Chest distortion, quantified as the degree of abdominal motion during spontaneous breathing compared with that required to inflate the lungs passively, at day 1 was very large, whereas it was modest at day 6. We conclude that, in the tammar wallaby at birth, the high resistance of the respiratory system and the distortion of the chest wall greatly reduce the mechanical efficiency of breathing. At this age, gas exchange through the skin is therefore an important complement to pulmonary ventilation.

Influence of human vocal cord movements on airflow and resistance during eupnea

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. England ◽  
D. Bartlett ◽  
J. A. Daubenspeck
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Breathing Motion ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Movements

The pattern of respiratory movements of the vocal cords in relation to airflow and respiratory system resistance was assessed in healthy human volunteers during quiet breathing. Motion pictures of the vocal cords were obtained through a fiber-optic laryngoscope inserted transnasally under topical anesthesia. A simultaneous estimate of lung volume was obtained using either rib cage and abdominal magnetometer coils or an integrated pneumotachograph signal. The vocal cords separated during inspiration and moved closer together during the expiratory phase of each breath. The extent of these movements varied greatly among the subjects. Total respiratory system resistance, assessed by the forced oscillation technique, was negatively correlated with distance between the vocal cords when measured at isoflow points in inspiration and expiration. Analysis of breath-by-breath variations in expiratory airflow and vocal cord position revealed that decreases in airflow accompanied decreases in the distance between the vocal cords. The results of this study indicate that the human larynx participates in the regulation of respiratory airflow by providing a variable, controlled resistance.

Quantification of nasal involvement in a guinea pig plethysmograph

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Finney ◽  
K. I. Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Rapid Technique ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance ◽  
Lower Airways

We have developed a technique for measuring lung function in conscious guinea pigs using a whole body plethysmograph. Because guinea pigs breathe through the nose, a technique was also developed to measure nasal and lower respiratory system conductance simultaneously in anesthetized animals. The upper and the lower airways could be challenged separately and studied in a manner similar to the conditions in the plethysmograph. Aerosols of histamine, carbachol, or ovalbumin delivered to the nose in sensitized animals had no effect on nasal conductance, even in doses 100 times higher than that required to reduce lower respiratory system conductance. However, intravenous histamine increased nasal conductance. Thus, although nasal resistance constitutes the majority of the total respiratory system resistance measured in the plethysmograph, nasal resistance is unaffected by the aerosol drugs studied. We therefore consider changes in resistance measured in the plethysmograph to originate at or below the larynx. The plethysmographic technique described here is a reliable, reproducible, and rapid technique that enables repeated measurement in animals and minimizes animal trauma.

Effects of IL-13 on airway responses in the guinea pig

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. L44-L49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Morse ◽  
Joseph P. Sypek ◽  
Debra D. Donaldson ◽  
Kathleen J. Haley ◽  
Craig M. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance ◽  
Airway Responses ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Eosinophil Accumulation

Levels of interleukin (IL)-13 are increased in asthmatic airways. IL-13 has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and increased inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in a murine model of asthma but is thought to protect against airway inflammation when low doses are provided to the guinea pig lung. To determine the role of IL-13 in the guinea pig, we studied the effects of a 360-μg/kg dose of nebulized IL-13 in naive animals and of IL-13 abrogation after airway challenge of sensitized animals. Nebulized IL-13 significantly decreased the dose of histamine required to double baseline respiratory system resistance (ED100, 22 ± 3 vs. 13 ± 2 nmol/kg; P < 0.05) and was associated with recovery of significantly greater numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils in BAL fluid. Guinea pigs pretreated with a fusion protein that binds IL-13 [soluble IL-13 receptor α2 (sIL-13Rα2)] were protected from developing antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (ED100, 210 ± 50 vs. 20 ± 10 nmol/kg; P <0.01). sIL-13Rα2 (2 doses of 20 mg/kg) significantly reduced the histological grade of allergen-induced lung eosinophil accumulation, whereas the effects of two doses of 10 mg/kg were not significant. These findings demonstrate that the tissue levels of IL-13 induced by allergen challenge of sensitized animals induce airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and that IL-13 is required for the expression of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in the guinea pig ovalbumin model.

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