Chronic lymph flow and transcapillary fluid flux during angiotensin II hypertension

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. R1205-R1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Valenzuela-Rendon ◽  
R. D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Fluid Flux ◽  
Duct Lymph

The roles of the transvascular fluid flux and lymph flow in the distribution of extracellular fluid volume during angiotensin II (ANG II) hypertension were evaluated in 11 conscious dogs. Similarly, the factors regulating the distribution of plasma protein across the microvasculature were assessed. By the second day of ANG II infusion, the thoracic duct lymph flow had increased 58% above control, transcapillary fluid flux had increased 45%, and plasma volume, sulfate space, and interstitial fluid volume remained close to control. In addition, the thoracic duct lymph protein transport had increased 34%, and the accompanying increase in transcapillary protein flux prevented any change in plasma protein mass. Also, at this time, the lymph flow and protein transport from subcutaneous tissue in the hind limb were not increased, and the permeability-surface area product of this region decreased 40%. The origin of the increased thoracic duct lymph flow on day 2 probably was from the splanchnic bed. In conclusion, the increased lymph flow during ANG II hypertension compensated for the increase in transcapillary fluid flux, thus preventing edema formation.

Angiotensin II, diuretics, and thoracic duct lymph flow in the dog

1973 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Szwed ◽  
DR Maxwell ◽  
SA Kleit ◽  
RJ Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Effects of sustained lymph drainage on cardiovascular function and thoracic duct lymph in sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. R867-R874
Author(s):  
G. J. Valenzuela ◽  
C. W. Hewitt ◽  
G. C. Kramer ◽  
Y. Do ◽  
W. A. Hseuh
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Escape Rate ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Duct Lymph

We studied the effect of lowering the plasma protein concentration on the cardiovascular function and thoracic duct lymph in awake adult sheep. Hypoproteinemia was induced in seven nonpregnant, splenectomized sheep by drainage of the thoracic duct lymph over a 5-day period. The plasma protein went from a mean of 6.4 +/- 0.2 (SE) to 4.9 +/- 0.2 g/dl on day 5, and the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio decreased from 0.74 +/- 0.01 on day 1 to 0.48 +/- 0.04 on day 5. The percentage composition of the protein fractions in plasma and lymph remained unchanged. Lymph flow was 1.79 +/- 0.37 and 1.28 +/- 0.10 ml/min for days 1 and 5, respectively. Renin concentration in plasma increased 50-fold by day 5. Arterial pressure fell from 102.9 +/- 5.4 to 72.7 +/- 4.4 mmHg by day 5. Mean hematocrit was 28.9 +/- 1.7 at day 1, which was not significantly different than 24.6 +/- 2.9 at day 5 and indicated that the plasma volume did not decrease. Body weight also did not change significantly. There was a decrease in the transcapillary protein escape rate, determined as the thoracic lymph flow rate multiplied the lymph protein concentration, that suggests adaptations in the microcirculation to decrease vascular-to-interstitial protein transfer during hypoproteinemia. Hypoproteinemic animals also demonstrated greater vascular retention of a fluid volume challenge. In conclusion, the sheep adaptations to sustained hypoproteinemia produced by lymph drainage were a significant decrease in arterial pressure, large increases in vascular compliance and renin concentration, and reduced transcapillary escape rate of protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chronic transvascular fluid flux and lymph flow during volume-loading hypertension

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. H1524-H1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Valenzuela-Rendon ◽  
R. D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Protein Transport ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Fluid Flux ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Protein Mass

The chronic roles of the transcapillary fluid flux and lymph flow in the distribution of extracellular fluid volume during volume-loading hypertension were investigated in five conscious dogs. Similarly, the distribution of plasma proteins across the microvasculature was evaluated. During the early phases of volume-loading hypertension the fluid balance was positive, which caused the extracellular fluid volume and the plasma volume to increase 25 and 15%, respectively. The thoracic duct lymph flow more than doubled, but the increase in transcapillary fluid flux was even greater. Therefore the interstitial fluid volume increased 30%. This fluid shift from the vasculature into the interstitium probably prevented an even greater rise in arterial pressure. In addition, the transcapillary protein flux more than doubled, but the accompanying increase in lymph protein transport prevented any change in plasma protein mass. During the latter part of the saline-infusion period, the lymph flow declined toward its control, which caused a net transfer of fluid into the interstitium. In conclusion, the transcapillary fluid flux and lymph flow play significant roles in extracellular fluid volume distribution.

Fetal thoracic duct lymph flow response to intravascular saline infusion

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. R1007-R1010
Author(s):  
R. A. Brace
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Duct Lymph

The left thoracic lymph duct was catheterized at the base of the neck in the sheep fetus at 123-136 days of gestation, and the lymphatic catheter was connected to a jugular vein catheter so that the lymph could return to the fetus. Lymph flow was studied 5 days after catheter implantation in the unanesthetized fetus. Basal fetal thoracic duct lymph flow rate per unit body weight averaged three times adult sheep values. After an infusion of 20 ml/kg of warmed isotonic saline into a fetal vein over 5 min, lymph flow rate increased significantly to 161 +/- 15% of control, with a peak at 8 min after termination of the infusion, and flow declined thereafter. The increased lymph volume above baseline values over 30 min averaged 5.7% of the infused volume and is similar to the adult response. Plasma and lymph protein concentrations decreased as did the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio. The latter is opposite to what occurs in the adult under the same conditions. Thus the present study shows that even though the fetus has a much higher basal thoracic duct lymph flow rate than the adult, the responsiveness of the fetal lymphatic system to intravascularly infused saline is similar to that of the adult. The decrease in the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio suggests that there may be differences between fetal and adult vascular-interstitial-lymphatic protein kinetics.

Effect of PEEP on the rate of thoracic duct lymph flow and clearance of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity

1983 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Last ◽  
Lewis Kurtz ◽  
Theodore A. Stein ◽  
Leslie Wise
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Thoracic duct lymph flow and its measurement in chronically catheterized sheep fetus

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. H16-H20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brace
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Computer Technique ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Sheep Fetus

A method was developed for chronic catheterization of the left thoracic lymph duct at the base of the neck in the sheep fetus, which did not disrupt the other major lymphatic vessels that join the venous circulation at the same location. The lymphatic catheter was connected to a catheter in a jugular vein when lymph flow was not being recorded, so that the lymph continuously returned to the fetal circulation. Special consideration of catheter size to minimize flow resistance and treatment to prevent clotting were required. Individual animals were maintained up to 17 days with lymph flow continuing. In 13 fetuses averaging 128 days gestation (term = 147 days) at the time of catheterization, lymph flow rate was measured for 1 h each day for the first 7 postsurgical days with an on-line computer technique that continuously calculated lymph flow rate. Lymph flow averaged 0.64 +/- 0.17 (SD) ml/min in fetuses weighing 2.3-4 kg and tended to undergo a nonsignificant increase with time. Lymph and plasma protein concentrations did not change with time. In individual fetuses, large spontaneous variations in lymph flow rate occurred over periods of several seconds to a few minutes. Analysis showed that these variations in flow rate were not associated with fetal breathing movements. Thus the present study describes a technique for studying the dynamics of lymph flow in the unanesthetized sheep fetus in utero over a time period limited primarily by the length of gestation. In addition, it appears that thoracic duct lymph flow rate in the fetus per unit body weight averages three to four times that in the adult.

Thoracic duct lymph and lymphocytes during primary hypoxia and rebound

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Evans ◽  
R. A. F. Garnett ◽  
J. M. Yoffey
Keyword(s):  
Control Animal ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Duct Lymph

Thoracic duct lymph flow and lymphocytes were first studied in 18 normal guinea pigs. Similar studies were then made on a) 25 guinea pigs placed in a decompression chamber at a simulated altitude of 14,000 ft for times ranging from 1 to 5 days, this being the period of "primary hypoxia" during which erythropoiesis is stimulated and polycythemia develops, and b) 25 guinea pigs exposed to primary hypoxia for 5 days, then kept in room air for times ranging from 1 to 5 days, this period of posthypoxic polycythemia being known as "rebound." By the end of rebound the polycythemia had almost disappeared. The flow of thoracic duct lymph increased significantly from a control level of 0.86 ± 0.21 ml/hr to 1.23 ± 0.1 ml/hr by the 5th day of primary hypoxia, and to a peak of 1.89 ± 0.23 ml/hr by the 3rd day of rebound, falling slightly to 1.56 ± 0.14 ml/hr by the 5th day of rebound, when it was still markedly above control level. The total cell content of the lymph also rose significantly, from 34.5 ± 10.3 x 106 lymphocytes/hr in the control animal to 59.1 ± 8.9 x 106 /hr on the 5th day of primary hypoxia, and to a peak of 93.8 ± 23.0 x 106 on the 3rd day of rebound.

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