scholarly journals Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus inhibit sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (3) ◽  
pp. R831-R843 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Madden ◽  
S. F. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Raphe Pallidus

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) plays an important role in energy homeostasis, regulating neuroendocrine, behavioral, and autonomic functions. However, the role of the PVH in regulating thermogenesis and energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of activating neurons within the PVH on BAT thermogenesis. In urethane- and chloralose-anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats maintained at a core body temperature of 37.0–38.0°C, microinjection of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA, 12 pmol in 60 nl) in the PVH did not increase BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) or BAT thermogenesis. In contrast, the increase in BAT SNA evoked by body cooling was completely reversed by microinjection of NMDA in the PVH. Additionally, the increases in BAT SNA evoked by body cooling, by microinjection of prostaglandin E2 (170 pmol in 60 nl) in the medial preoptic area or by microinjection of bicuculline (30 pmol in 60 nl) in the dorsomedial hypothalamus were completely reversed by microinjection of bicuculline (30 pmol in 60 nl) in the PVH. Although the increases in BAT SNA and thermogenesis evoked by microinjection of NMDA (12 pmol in 60 nl) in the raphe pallidus (RPa) was markedly attenuated following microinjection of bicuculline (30 pmol) in the PVH, the increases in BAT SNA and thermogenesis evoked by microinjection of bicuculline (30 pmol in 60 nl) in the RPa were unaffected by microinjection of bicuculline in the PVH. These results demonstrate that disinhibition of neurons in the PVH inhibits BAT SNA likely via activation of a GABAergic input to BAT sympathetic premotor neurons in the RPa.

Dopaminergic Input from the Posterior Hypothalamus to the Raphe Pallidus Area Inhibits Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Paula Santos da Conceição Furber ◽  
Clarissa M.D. Mota ◽  
Edward Veytsman ◽  
Shaun F. Morrison ◽  
Christopher J. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Raphe Pallidus

Systemic administration of dopamine (DA) receptor agonists leads to falls in body temperature. However, the central thermoregulatory pathways modulated by DA have not been fully elucidated. Here we identified a source and site of action contributing to DA's hypothermic action by inhibition of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Nanoinjection of the type 2 and type 3 DA receptor (D2R/D3R) agonist, 7-OH-DPAT, in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) inhibits the sympathetic activation of BAT evoked by cold exposure or by direct activation of NMDA receptors in the rRPa. Blockade of D2R/D3R in the rRPa with nanoinjection of SB-277011A increases BAT thermogenesis, consistent with a tonic release of DA in the rRPa contributing to inhibition of BAT thermogenesis. Accordingly, D2R are expressed in cold-activated and serotonergic neurons in the rRPa and anatomical tracing studies revealed that neurons in the posterior hypothalamus (PH) are a source of dopaminergic input to the rRPa. Disinhibitory activation of PH neurons with nanoinjection of gabazine inhibits BAT thermogenesis, which is reduced by pre-treatment of the rRPa with SB-277011A. In conclusion, the rRPa, the site of sympathetic premotor neurons for BAT, receives a tonically-active, dopaminergic input from the PH that suppresses BAT thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Impaired Thermogenesis and a Molecular Signature for Brown Adipose Tissue inId2Null Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Maricela Robles-Murguia ◽  
Deepa Mathew ◽  
Giles E. Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Core Body ◽  
The Impact

Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) is a helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor rhythmically expressed in many adult tissues. Our previous studies have demonstrated thatId2null mice have sex-specific elevated glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we further explored the role ofId2in the regulation of core body temperature over the circadian cycle and the impact ofId2deficiency on genes involved in insulin signaling and adipogenesis in BAT. We discovered a reduced core body temperature inId2−/− mice. Moreover, inId2−/− BAT, 30 genes includingIrs1,PPARs, andPGC-1s were identified as differentially expressed in a sex-specific pattern. These data provide valuable insights into the impact ofId2deficiency on energy homeostasis of mice in a sex-specific manner.

scholarly journals Inhibition of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by neurons in the ventrolateral medulla and in the nucleus tractus solitarius

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. R277-R290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hua Cao ◽  
Christopher J. Madden ◽  
Shaun F. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Raphe Pallidus

Neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular and other autonomic functions. In the present study, we demonstrate an inhibition of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis evoked by activation of neurons in the VLM, as well as by neurons in the intermediate NTS, of chloralose/urethane-anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats. Activation of neurons in either rostral VLM or caudal VLM with N-methyl-d-aspartate (12 nmol) reversed the cold-evoked increase in BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), BAT temperature, and end-expired CO2. Disinhibition of neurons in either VLM or NTS with the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline (30 pmol), reversed the increases in BAT SNA, BAT temperature, and end-expired CO2 that were elicited 1) by cold defense; 2) during the febrile model of nanoinjection of prostaglandin E2 into the medial preoptic area; 3) by activation of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus or in the rostral raphe pallidus (rRPa); or 4) by the μ-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl. Combined, but not separate, inhibitions of neurons in the VLM and in the NTS, with the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol (120 pmol/site), produced increases in BAT SNA, BAT temperature, and expired CO2, which were reversed by nanoinjection of glycine (30 nmol) into the rRPa. These findings suggest that VLM and NTS contain neurons whose activation inhibits BAT thermogenesis, that these neurons receive GABAergic inputs that are active under these experimental conditions, and that neurons in both sites contribute to the tonic inhibition of sympathetic premotor neuronal activity in the rRPa that maintains a low level of BAT thermogenesis in normothermic conditions.

Neurons of the rat preoptic area and the raphe pallidus nucleus innervating the brown adipose tissue express the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1848-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Yoshida ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakamura ◽  
Kiyoshi Matsumura ◽  
Kazuyuki Kanosue ◽  
Matthias Konig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Raphe Pallidus

Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in raphe pallidus inhibits leptin-evoked increases in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. R832-R837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun F. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Premotor Neurons ◽  
Raphe Pallidus ◽  
Stimulation Of

To elucidate the central neural pathways contributing to the thermogenic component of the autonomic response to intravenous administration of leptin, experiments were conducted in urethane-chloralose-anesthetized, ventilated rats to address 1) the role of neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla, including raphe pallidus (RPa), in the leptin-evoked stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathetic nerve activity (SNA); and 2) the potential thermolytic effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptors on RPa neurons that influence BAT thermogenesis. Leptin (1 mg/kg) administration increased BAT SNA by 1,219% of control, BAT temperature by 2.8°C, expired CO2 by 1.8%, heart rate by 90 beats/min, and mean arterial pressure by 12 mmHg. Microinjection of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) into RPa resulted in a prompt and sustained reversal of the leptin-evoked stimulation of BAT SNA, BAT thermogenesis, and heart rate, with these variables returning to their pre-leptin control levels. Subsequent microinjection of the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 into RPa reversed the BAT thermolytic effects of 8-OH-DPAT, returning BAT SNA and BAT temperature to the elevated levels after leptin. In conclusion, activation of neurons in RPa, possibly BAT sympathetic premotor neurons, is essential for the increases in BAT SNA, BAT thermogenesis, and heart rate stimulated by intravenous administration of leptin. Neurons in RPa express 5-HT1A receptors whose activation leads to reversal of the BAT thermogenic and the cardiovascular responses to intravenous leptin, possibly through hyperpolarization of local sympathetic premotor neurons. These results contribute to our understanding of central neural substrates for the augmented energy expenditure stimulated by leptin.

scholarly journals Regulatory effects of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis on maternal metabolic adaptation, placental efficiency, and fetal growth in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. E1224-E1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Qiao ◽  
Samuel Lee ◽  
Amanda Nguyen ◽  
William W. Hay ◽  
Jianhua Shao
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Placental Efficiency ◽  
Core Body

To determine the role of UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in controlling maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy, energy metabolism of C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Ucp1 gene knockout ( Ucp1−/−) mice was studied during pregnancy. With the progression of pregnancy, maternal energy expenditure rates (EERs), expression of UCP1, and core body temperature steadily declined in WT dams. Despite no significant alterations in core body temperature and weight gain during pregnancy, Ucp1−/− dams exhibited lower rates in EER decline. High-fat (HF) feeding not only robustly increased maternal UCP1 expression and core body temperature but also abolished gestation-suppressed EER in WT dams. However, HF-increased EERs were significantly attenuated in Ucp1−/− dams. Significantly increased fetal body weights and fetal/placental weight ratio were detected in fetuses from Ucp1−/− dams compared with fetuses from WT dams. Markedly increased expression levels of glucose transporter 1 and amino acid transporters were also observed in placentas from Ucp1−/− dams. Furthermore, blood glucose concentrations of fetuses from Ucp1−/− dams were significantly higher than those of fetuses from WT dams, indicating that maternal UCP1 has an inhibitory effect on placental efficiency and fetal growth. Taken all together, this study demonstrated that maternal brown adipose tissue plays an important role in controlling maternal metabolic adaptation and placental nutrient transport.

scholarly journals Integration of DIGE and Bioinformatics Analyses Reveals a Role of the Antiobesity Agent Tungstate in Redox and Energy Homeostasis Pathways in Brown Adipose Tissue

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Barceló-Batllori ◽  
Susana G. Kalko ◽  
Yaiza Esteban ◽  
Sílvia Moreno ◽  
María C. Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Brown Adipose
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