Influence of pressure suit inflation on pulmonary diffusing capacity in man

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Ross ◽  
Glen D. Ley ◽  
Ronald F. Coburn ◽  
J. L. Eller ◽  
Robert E. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity

Previous investigations of the effect of inflation of a pressure suit on pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL) have been reported from our two laboratories, one (Indianapolis) finding an increase and the other (Philadelphia) finding no change. The present investigation was carried out in Philadelphia, using some of the same subjects and pressure suits in order to reconcile the contradictory results. The earlier contradictory results were confirmed. The pressure suit used in the investigations at Philadelphia ( suit P)covered the entire body below the nipples, whereas the suit used in the investigations at Indianapolis( suit I) extended cephalad only as far as the costal margin. When suit P was inflated in the present study, DL again did not increase significantly in two subjects. However, when the upper part of the suit was folded down so that the thoracic cage was not covered, inflation of the suit did produce a significant increase in DL. Inflation of suit P when it covered the chest made it difficult for a subject not to perform a Valsalva maneuver during breath holding and caused more decrease in alveolar volume (Va) than when it was inflated in the folded-down position. In two subjects studied, we found no difference in air trapping with inflation of suit P in the two positions. The discrepancy between the results of the two earlier studies appears to have resulted from the different construction of the two pressure suits used. We conclude that pressure suit inflation in man will produce an increase in DL, presumably by means of pulmonary congestion. Submitted on September 22, 1961

Computerized tomography and pulmonary diffusing capacity in highly trained athletes after performing a triathlon

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1226-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Caillaud ◽  
O. Serre-Cousine ◽  
F. Anselme ◽  
X. Capdevilla ◽  
C. Prefaut
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Lung Density ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Distance Race

We investigated the computerized tomographies (CTs) of the thorax and the pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO) in eight male athletes before and after a triathlon. DLCO and alveolar volume (VA) were simultaneously measured during 9 s of breath holding. The transfer coefficient (KCO = DLCO/VA) was then calculated. CT scanning was performed during breath holding with the subjects in the supine position. Scanner analysis was done by 1) counting the linear and polygonal opacities (index of interstitial fluid accumulation) and 2) calculating the physical mean lung density and the mean slice mass. Results showed a significant reduction in DLCO (44.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 42.9 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1.mmHg-1; P < 0.05) and KCO (6.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.mmHg-1.l of VA-1; P < 0.05) after the triathlon and an increase in mean lung density (0.21 +/- 0.009 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.01 g/cm3; P < 0.0001). The number of polygonal and linear opacities increased after the race (P < 0.001). This study confirmed that DLCO and KCO decrease in elite athletes after a long-distance race and showed a concomitant increase in CT lung density and in the number of opacities.

Effect of pressure-suit inflation on pulmonary-diffusing capacity

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Ross ◽  
Thomas H. Lord ◽  
Glen D. Ley
Keyword(s):  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Capillary Blood Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume

Pressure-suit inflation over the lower body produces acute pulmonary hypertension. An increase in pulmonary capillary blood volume, Vc, with this procedure should theoretically increase pulmonary-diffusing capacity, Dl. Lewis and co-workers ( J. Appl. Physiol. 12:57, 1958) found no increase in Dl with suit inflation. The subject was reinvestigated with measurement of the increase in central venous pressure, CVP, produced and with a study of effect of alveolar volume, Va, and the Valsalva maneuver on the results. Dl was determined in five seated and seven supine subjects at small and large Va, both before and during suit inflation and also with a Valsalva under each condition. Suit inflation significantly increased Dl (13%) with an increase in 21 of the 22 comparisons. Mean Dl was 16% lower when Va was decreased 34%. The Valsalva maneuver significantly decreased both control and suit inflation Dl. Results show that with controlled Va and no Valsalva and when CVP was definitely increased by the procedure, Dl significantly increased with suit inflation, probably indicating that the pulmonary capillary bed was passively dilated. Submitted on March 11, 1960

Effect of atropine and reserpine on pulmonary diffusing capacity during exercise in man

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Krumholz ◽  
Joseph C. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusion ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Capillary Bed

Pulmonary diffusing capacity increases with exercise. The rapidity of this increase after the onset of exercise and factors which may alter it, i.e. atropine (2.0 mg i.v.) and reserpine (0.5 mg/day p.o. for 7 days), were investigated. Breath-holding Dl determinations were made before exercise began, at 0–10 sec of exercise, after 1, 2, and 3 min of exercise, and 3 min after the end of exercise. Dl was already strikingly increased at 0–10 sec of exercise, although further increases occurred during the 3-min exercise period. Following atropine administration in nine subjects the immediate rise in Dl at 0–10 sec of exercise was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), but the increases with further exercise were not significantly altered. After the reserpine administration in six subjects, the 0–10 sec exercise Dl values tended to be lower, but not to a significance level of <.05, and there was a tendency toward lower Dl values throughout the 3-min exercise period. This study suggests, then, that the immediate and the later increases in Dl with exercise are produced by two different mechanisms. pulmonary diffusion; pulmonary diffusion in exercise; mechanism for increased diffusion in exercise; pulmonary capillary bed Submitted on September 23, 1963

THE SINGLE BREATH DIFFUSING CAPACITY AND THE PERMEABILITY OF THE LUNGS OF NORMAL MAN

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1283-1292
Author(s):  
Edith Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Test Gas ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Molecular Sieve Column

The single breath diffusing capacity for CO, DL, and the permeability of the lungs, K, were measured in six male and two female medical students at various lung volumes. The subjects rested 15 minutes before each test and the expired alveolar volume as well as breath-holding time and inspired volume were recorded on a spirogram. The test gas used consisted of 0.3% CO, 0.3% SF6, 20% O2, and the balance N2. The sample of alveolar gas expired after breath-holding was analyzed for CO and SF6 on a vapor fractometer using a 2-meter molecular sieve column. DL varied with the surface area of the subjects as well as with the alveolar volume at which the test was performed. K, on the other hand, was independent of the size of the subjects and decreased towards a constant value as lung volume became large. K should, therefore, be more reproducible than DL. The average permeability of the eight subjects used in this study was 0.0715 ml CO per second per ml of alveolar volume. In every experiment, alveolar volumes were also calculated from the SF6 dilution. These values, VD, were compared to alveolar volumes calculated from the maximum lung volumes, VA. For the males there was no measurable difference between alveolar volumes calculated by these two methods when 2 liters or more of test gas were inspired. It is suggested that the replacement of the measurement of DL in pulmonary function laboratories by an evaluation of K and VD may transform the single breath diffusing capacity test into a useful diagnostic tool.

DlCO measurements with gas chromatography

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef R. Smith ◽  
Lyle H. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
The Mean

A gas chromatograph has been used to analyze gases for the measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity using the breath-holding technique. The gas mixture used for the measurement consisted of carbon monoxide in air with neon as the insoluble inert gas. The calculated DlCO was unaffected when sulphur hexafloride (SF6) or He was substituted for Ne in the mixture, but since CO and Ne could be most simply and rapidly analyzed, this combination was preferred for the gas mixture used to measure DlCO. The mean DlCO for ten normal subjects was 25.8 ± 4.2 ml/min mm Hg. These results were comparable to values reported in the literature when established methods of analysis were used. An excellent correlation was found between calculated DlCO and the clinical condition of patients with impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity. Submitted on February 14, 1962

Pulmonary diffusing capacity and capillary blood flow during forward acceleration

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon G. Power ◽  
Richard W. Hyde ◽  
Raymond J. Sever ◽  
Frederic G. Hoppin ◽  
Jean R. Nairn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Initial Control

We studied possible causes of the decreased arterial oxygen saturation seen when a subject is accelerated in a centrifuge by measuring simultaneously the pulmonary diffusing capacity, DlCO, and the effective pulmonary capillary blood flow, Qc, using breath-holding techniques with carbon monoxide and acetylene. After 1 min of forward ("eyeballs in") acceleration at eight times normal gravity, 8 G, average Dl decreased 35% from an initial control of 33.7 to 21.5 ml/(min x mm Hg) in four subjects. Although this decrease was statistically significant, the values observed were not low enough to indicate that impaired diffusion was a prime cause of arterial unsaturation. Average Qc decreased 35% during acceleration from an initial control value of 12.9 to 8.2 liters/min, also a significant change. These values may have indicated that total pulmonary blood flow was reduced, but a more likely explanation is that a large portion of pulmonary flow perfused nonventilated regions. Dl and Qc returned toward initial control levels within 8 min after acceleration in most instances. lung volume during acceleration Submitted on March 1, 1965

Diffusing capacity and blood flow in different regions of the lung

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Spicer ◽  
R. L. Johnson ◽  
R. E. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Obstructive Disease ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Co Concentrations

We have measured the disappearance of CO and, in most instances, acetylene relative to helium from early and late portions of the expired alveolar gas after 1.5–20 sec of breath holding at rest in four normal subjects and seven patients with obstructive emphysema and three with sarcoidosis. In all individuals, except one patient with emphysema, graphs of the logarithm of the relative expired alveolar CO concentrations in early and late expired samples against time of breath holding were parallel, but those for the late expired samples lay below these for the early expired samples. The equality of the slopes of the two curves indicated that net diffusing capacity/alveolar volume for those regions of the lungs contributing to the two samples is similar even in severe obstructive disease. The displacement of the disappearance curves can be explained by errors in estimation of the time the gas spends in the alveoli and by an increased rate of CO disappearance caused by reduced alveolar volume during expiration. Submitted on December 18, 1961

scholarly journals Effects of Endurance Training Intensity on Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity at Rest and after Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Young Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12359
Author(s):  
Rim Dridi ◽  
Nadia Dridi ◽  
Karuppasamy Govindasamy ◽  
Nabil Gmada ◽  
Ridha Aouadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Post Hoc

This study compared the effects of varying aerobic training programs on pulmonary diffusing capacity (TLCO), pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (TLNO), lung capillary blood volume (Vc) and alveolar–capillary membrane diffusing capacity (DM) of gases at rest and just after maximal exercise in young athletes. Sixteen healthy young runners (16–18 years) were randomly assigned to an intense endurance training program (IET, n = 8) or to a moderate endurance training program (MET, n = 8). The training volume was similar in IET and MET but with different work intensities, and each lasted for 8 weeks. Participants performed a maximal graded cycle bicycle ergometer test to measure maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximal aerobic power (MAP) before and after the training programs. Moreover, TLCO, TLNO and Vc were measured during a single breath maneuver. After eight weeks of training, all pulmonary parameters with the exception of alveolar volume (VA) and inspiratory volume (VI) (0.104 < p < 0889; 0.001 < ES < 0.091), measured at rest and at the end of maximal exercise, showed significant group × time interactions (p < 0.05, 0.2 < ES < 4.0). Post hoc analyses revealed significant pre-to-post decreases for maximal heart rates (p < 0.0001, ES = 3.1) and improvements for VO2max (p = 0.006, ES = 2.22) in the IET group. Moreover, post hoc analyses revealed significant pre-to-post improvements in the IET for DM, TLNO, TLCO and Vc (0.001 < p < 0.0022; 2.68 < ES < 6.45). In addition, there were increases in Vc at rest, VO2max, TLNO and DM in the IET but not in the MET participants after eight weeks of training with varying exercise intensities. Our findings suggest that the intensity of training may represent the most important factor in increasing pulmonary vascular function in young athletes.

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