In vivo assessment of regional mechanics post-myocardial infarction: A focus on the road ahead

Cardiovascular disease, particularly the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality (Go et al., Circulation 127: e6–e245, 2013; Go et al. Circulation 129: e28–e292, 2014). There is growing recognition that a key factor for post-MI outcomes is adverse remodeling and changes in the regional structure, composition, and mechanical properties of the MI region itself. However, in vivo assessment of regional mechanics post-MI can be confounded by the species, temporal aspects of MI healing, as well as size, location, and extent of infarction across myocardial wall. Moreover, MI regional mechanics have been assessed over varying phases of the cardiac cycle, and thus, uniform conclusions regarding the material properties of the MI region can be difficult. This review assesses past studies that have performed in vivo measures of MI mechanics and attempts to provide coalescence on key points from these studies, as well as offer potential recommendations for unifying approaches in terms of regional post-MI mechanics. A uniform approach to biophysical measures of import will allow comparisons across studies, as well as provide a basis for potential therapeutic markers.

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Myocardial fibrosis reversion via rhACE2-electrospun fibrous patch for ventricular remodeling prevention

npj Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41536-021-00154-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeping Qiu ◽

Jingwen Zhao ◽

Fanyi Huang ◽

Luhan Bao ◽

Yanjia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Myocardial Fibrosis ◽

Ventricular Remodeling ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Intramyocardial Injection ◽

Undesirable Consequence ◽

Adverse Remodeling

AbstractMyocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling were the key pathology factors causing undesirable consequence after myocardial infarction. However, an efficient therapeutic method remains unclear, partly due to difficulty in continuously preventing neurohormonal overactivation and potential disadvantages of cell therapy for clinical practice. In this study, a rhACE2-electrospun fibrous patch with sustained releasing of rhACE2 to shape an induction transformation niche in situ was introduced, through micro-sol electrospinning technologies. A durable releasing pattern of rhACE2 encapsulated in hyaluronic acid (HA)—poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) core-shell structure was observed. By multiple in vitro studies, the rhACE2 patch demonstrated effectiveness in reducing cardiomyocytes apoptosis under hypoxia stress and inhibiting cardiac fibroblasts proliferation, which gave evidence for its in vivo efficacy. For striking mice myocardial infarction experiments, a successful prevention of adverse ventricular remodeling has been demonstrated, reflecting by improved ejection fraction, normal ventricle structure and less fibrosis. The rhACE2 patch niche showed clear superiority in long term function and structure preservation after ischemia compared with intramyocardial injection. Thus, the micro-sol electrospun rhACE2 fibrous patch niche was proved to be efficient, cost-effective and easy-to-use in preventing ventricular adverse remodeling.

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Adrenal Beta-Arrestin 1 Inhibition In Vivo Attenuates Post-Myocardial Infarction Progression to Heart Failure and Adverse Remodeling Via Reduction of Circulating Aldosterone Levels

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.635 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 356-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Anastasios Lymperopoulos ◽

Giuseppe Rengo ◽

Carmela Zincarelli ◽

Jihee Kim ◽

Walter J. Koch

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Post Myocardial Infarction ◽

Adverse Remodeling

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Modelling the Route Choice

Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations - Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9779-9.ch009 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 178-209

Author(s):

Eric Moreno-Quintero

Keyword(s):

Route Choice ◽

Freight Transport ◽

Mathematical Representation ◽

Transport Planning ◽

Require Time ◽

Delay Function ◽

The Road ◽

Key Factor ◽

Functional Forms ◽

On The Road

The issue of route choice is a key factor for the freight transport performance. Congestion at roads encourages hauliers to change routes to minimize the delays and keep lead times in a reliable range. In the context of transport planning, the route choice problem can be assessed by modelling the travel times needed to reach a destination through the different routes in a road network. Is in this point where the volume-delay functions become relevant. A Volume-Delay Function (VDF) is a mathematical representation of the increase of the travel time as more and more vehicles utilize the routes, causing congestion on the road networks. The related literature and practitioners report on the use of some known functional forms, as the BPR function, the Conical volume-delay function or the Akcelik's function, which are widely utilized in flow's assignation modelling in transport planning. A successful application of VDFs requires a proper fitting of the function's parameters. In a classical focus these parameters can be deduced from speed-flow surveys carried out at the routes or links of interest; these surveys generally require time money and personnel. As an alternative to this classical focus, particularly when facing scarcity of resources, this work carries out a mathematical analysis of the VDF functional forms, as well with an interpretation of their parameters in relation to road's operation. The results of these analyses clarifies the meaning of the functional forms for the VDFs and their parameters, and suggest other ways to assess those parameters which may be more practical for the purpose of modelling the choice of route in freight transport. Some considerations to put into practice this in Mexico are discussed at the end of this work.

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