Adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics and muscle deoxygenation at the onset of heavy-intensity exercise in young and older adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. DeLorey ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Exercise Onset ◽  
Concentration Changes

The purpose was to examine the adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) and deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle at the onset of heavy-intensity, constant-load cycling exercise in young (Y; 24 ± 4 yr; mean ± SD; n = 5) and older (O; 68 ± 3 yr; n = 6) adults. Subjects performed repeated transitions on 4 separate days from 20 W to a work rate corresponding to heavy-intensity exercise. V̇o2p was measured breath by breath. The concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin/myoglobin were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (Hamamatsu NIRO-300). V̇o2p data were filtered, interpolated to 1 s, and averaged to 5-s bins. HHb-near-infrared spectroscopy data were filtered and averaged to 5-s bins. A monoexponential model was used to fit V̇o2p [phase 2, time constant (τ) of V̇o2p] and HHb [following the time delay (TD) from exercise onset to the start of an increase in HHb] data. The τV̇o2p was slower ( P < 0.001) in O (49 ± 8 s) than Y (29 ± 4 s). The HHb TD was similar in O (8 ± 3 s) and Y (7 ± 1 s); however, the τ HHb following TD was faster ( P < 0.05) in O (8 ± 2 s) than Y (14 ± 2 s). The slower V̇o2p kinetics and faster muscle deoxygenation in O compared with Y during heavy-intensity exercise imply that the kinetics of muscle perfusion are slowed relatively more than those of V̇o2p in O. This suggests that the slowed V̇o2p kinetics in O may be a consequence of a slower adaptation of local muscle blood flow relative to that in Y.

scholarly journals Comparison of femoral blood gases and muscle near-infrared spectroscopy at exercise onset in humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen J. MacDonald ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
Howard J. Green ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Exercise Onset

We hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures of hemoglobin and/or myoglobin O2 saturation (IR-So 2) in the vascular bed of exercising muscle would parallel changes in femoral venous O2 saturation (S[Formula: see text]) at the onset of leg-kicking exercise in humans. Six healthy subjects performed transitions from rest to 48 ± 3 (SE)-W two-legged kicking exercise while breathing 14, 21, or 70% inspired O2. IR-So 2 was measured over the vastus lateralis muscle continuously during all tests, and femoral venous and radial artery blood samples were drawn simultaneously during rest and during 5 min of exercise. In all gas-breathing conditions, there was a rapid decrease in both IR-So 2 and SfvO2 at the onset of moderate-intensity leg-kicking exercise. Although SfvO2 remained at low levels throughout exercise, IR-So 2increased significantly after the first minute of exercise in both normoxia and hyperoxia. Contrary to the hypothesis, these data show that NIRS does not provide a reliable estimate of hemoglobin and/or O2 saturation as reflected by direct femoral vein sampling.

Cerebral desaturation during exercise reversed by O2 supplementation

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. H1045-H1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Nielsen ◽  
R. Boushel ◽  
P. Madsen ◽  
N. H. Secher
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Concentration Changes

The combined effects of hyperventilation and arterial desaturation on cerebral oxygenation ([Formula: see text]) were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Eleven competitive oarsmen were evaluated during a 6-min maximal ergometer row. The study was randomized in a double-blind fashion with an inspired O2 fraction of 0.21 or 0.30 in a crossover design. During exercise with an inspired O2 fraction of 0.21, the arterial CO2 pressure (35 ± 1 mmHg; mean ± SE) and O2 pressure (77 ± 2 mmHg) as well as the hemoglobin saturation (91.9 ± 0.7%) were reduced ( P < 0.05).[Formula: see text] was reduced from 80 ± 2 to 63 ± 2% ( P < 0.05), and the near-infrared spectroscopy-determined concentration changes in deoxy- (ΔHb) and oxyhemoglobin (ΔHbO2) of the vastus lateralis muscle increased 22 ± 3 μM and decreased 14 ± 3 μM, respectively ( P < 0.05). Increasing the inspired O2fraction to 0.30 did not affect ventilation (174 ± 4 l/min), but arterial CO2 pressure (37 ± 2 mmHg), O2 pressure (165 ± 5 mmHg), and hemoglobin O2saturation (99 ± 0.1%) increased ( P < 0.05).[Formula: see text] remained close to the resting level during exercise (79 ± 2 vs. 81 ± 2%), and although the muscle ΔHb (18 ± 2 μM) and ΔHbO2 (−12 ± 3 μM) were similar to those established without O2 supplementation, work capacity increased from 389 ± 11 to 413 ± 10 W ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that an elevated inspiratory O2fraction increases exercise performance related to maintained cerebral oxygenation rather than to an effect on the working muscles.

Onset of Accelerated Muscle Deoxygenation During the 20-m Shuttle Run Test in Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-479
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kume ◽  
Akira Iguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the relative exercise intensity at which the onset of accelerated muscle deoxygenation occurs during the 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) between boys and men and to examine whether the timing of the onset of acceleration appearance is related to 20mSRT performance in boys. Methods: Twenty-four boys performed the 20mSRT, during which concentration changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin (ΔOxy-Hb and ΔDeoxy-Hb, respectively) in the m. vastus lateralis were monitored using a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device. The boys’ data were compared with those of 29 men in a previous study. Results: An onset of accelerated decrease in Δ[Oxy-Hb − Deoxy-Hb] was found in 11 of the 24 boys (45.8%) and 20 of the 29 men (69.0%) and was found at a higher relative exercise intensity in the boys than in the men. The number of laps at which the onset of acceleration occurred correlated with total laps in the boys (r = .87). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the onset of accelerated muscle deoxygenation during the 20mSRT occurs at a higher relative exercise intensity in boys than in men. Our findings also show that the timing of the onset of acceleration appearance is associated with 20mSRT performance in boys.

scholarly journals Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Is Promising to Detect Iliac Artery Flow Limitations in Athletes: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Martijn van Hooff ◽  
Goof Schep ◽  
Eduard Meijer ◽  
Mart Bender ◽  
Hans Savelberg
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Healthy Participants

Endurance cyclists have a substantial risk to develop flow limitations in the iliac arteries during their career. These flow limitations are due to extreme hemodynamic stress which may result in functional arterial kinking and/or intravascular lesions. Early diagnosis may improve outcome and could prevent the necessity for surgical vascular repair. However, current diagnostic techniques have unsatisfactory sensitivity and cannot be applied during exercise. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has shown great diagnostic potential in peripheral vascular disease and might bring a solution since it measures tissue oxygenation in real time during and after exercise. This report describes the first experiences of the application of NIRS in the vastus lateralis muscle during and after maximal graded cycling exercise in ten healthy participants and in three patients with flow limitations due to (1) subtle functional kinking, (2) an intravascular lesion, and (3) severe functional kinking. The results are put into perspective based on an empirically fitted model. Delayed recovery, showing clearly different types of patterns of tissue reoxygenation after exercise, was found in the affected athletes compared with the healthy participants. In the patients that had kinking of the arteries, tissue reoxygenation was clearly more delayed if NIRS was measured in provocative position with flexed hip. In this pilot experiment, clearly distinctive reoxygenation patterns are observed during recovery consistent with severity of flow limitation, indicating that NIRS is a promising diagnostic tool to detect and grade arterial flow limitations in athletes. Our findings may guide research and optimization of NIRS for future clinical application.

scholarly journals NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND SPIROERGOMETRY TESTING IN CROSSFIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Petr Schlegel ◽  
Jan Hiblbauer ◽  
Adrian Agricola
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Formed Part

PURPOSE CrossFit is a young sport discipline which offers varied strength and endurance training through complex exercises. Currently there are relatively few studies focusing on performance analysis in terms of the physiological response of organism. The aim of the research was to verify near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with spiroergometry as a functional means for specific load testing in CrossFit. METHODS Elite crossfitter (male, age 20, body height 185 cm, body weight 87 kg) formed part of this study. Two Moxy sensors (placed on the vastus lateralis muscle and the intercostal muscles) and chest (strap) heart rate (HR) sensor were used for obtaining the data. The Cortex MetaMax 3BR2 system was used for portable spiroergometry. The AMRAP method (as many repetitions as possible) was used for testing. The selected test consisted of (1) 10 Deadlifts, 100kg, 15 Assault Air Bike Calories; (2) 12 lunges (with two 20 kg Kettlebell), 10 push-ups, 8 ring swings; (3) 20 SkiErg Calories, 10 50kg back squat, 10 toes to bar. RESULTS The testing has confirmed that breathing functions and muscle oxidation can be well observed under load in given exercises and movements. It has been confirmed that CrossFit provides a very varied load to which the organism must respond immediately. The strength load changes, causing deflection in SmO2 and VCO2 which consequently imposes demands on the respiratory component. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study which monitors the load in the combination of strength and endurance load through crossfit elements. Based on our result, it seems that linking NIRS and spirometry is a suitable combination for a comprehensive analysis of the athlete not only for CrossFit.

Effects of prior heavy-intensity exercise on pulmonary O2 uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics in young and older adult humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. DeLorey ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) and muscle deoxygenation kinetics were examined during moderate-intensity cycling (80% lactate threshold) without warm-up and after heavy-intensity warm-up exercise in young ( n = 6; 25 ± 3 yr) and older ( n = 5; 68 ± 3 yr) adults. We hypothesized that heavy warm-up would speed V̇o2p kinetics in older adults consequent to an improved intramuscular oxygenation. Subjects performed step transitions ( n = 4; 6 min) from 20 W to moderate-intensity exercise preceded by either no warm-up or heavy-intensity warm-up (6 min). V̇o2p was measured breath by breath. Oxy-, deoxy-(HHb), and total hemoglobin and myoglobin (Hbtot) of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). V̇o2p (phase 2; τ) and HHb data were fit with a monoexponential model. After heavy-intensity warm-up, oxyhemoglobin (older subjects: 13 ± 9 μM; young subjects: 9 ± 8 μM) and Hbtot (older subjects: 12 ± 8 μM; young subjects: 14 ± 10 μM) were elevated ( P < 0.05) relative to the no warm-up pretransition baseline. In older adults, τV̇o2p adapted at a faster rate ( P < 0.05) after heavy warm-up (30 ± 7 s) than no warm-up (38 ± 5 s), whereas in young subjects, τV̇o2p was similar in no warm-up (26 ± 7 s) and heavy warm-up (25 ± 5 s). HHb adapted at a similar rate in older and young adults after no warm-up; however, in older adults after heavy warm-up, the adaptation of HHb was slower ( P < 0.01) compared with young and no warm-up. These data suggest that, in older adults, V̇o2p kinetics may be limited by a slow adaptation of muscle blood flow and O2 delivery.

Effect of age on O2 uptake kinetics and the adaptation of muscle deoxygenation at the onset of moderate-intensity cycling exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. DeLorey ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation

Phase 2 pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics are slowed with aging. To examine the effect of aging on the adaptation of V̇o2p and deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle at the onset of moderate-intensity constant-load cycling exercise, young (Y) ( n = 6; 25 ± 3 yr) and older (O) ( n = 6; 68 ± 3 yr) adults performed repeated transitions from 20 W to work rates corresponding to moderate-intensity (80% estimated lactate threshold) exercise. Breath-by-breath V̇o2p was measured by mass spectrometer and volume turbine. Deoxy (HHb)-, oxy-, and total Hb and/or myoglobin were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (Hamamatsu NIRO-300). V̇o2p data were filtered, interpolated to 1 s, and averaged to 5-s bins. HHb data were filtered and averaged to 5-s bins. V̇o2p data were fit with a monoexponential model for phase 2, and HHb data were analyzed to determine the time delay from exercise onset to the start of an increase in HHb and thereafter were fit with a single-component exponential model. The phase 2 time constant for V̇o2p was slower ( P < 0.01) in O (Y: 26 ± 7 s; O: 42 ± 9 s), whereas the delay before an increase in HHb (Y: 12 ± 2 s; O: 11 ± 1 s) and the time constant for HHb after the time delay (Y: 13 ± 10 s; O: 9 ± 3 s) were similar in Y and O. However, the increase in HHb for a given increase in V̇o2p (Y: 7 ± 2 μM·l−1·min−1; O: 13 ± 4 μM·l−1·min−1) was greater ( P < 0.01) in O compared with Y. The slower V̇o2p kinetics in O compared with Y adults was accompanied by a slower increase of local muscle blood flow and O2 delivery discerned from a faster and greater muscle deoxygenation relative to V̇o2p in O.

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