The Association of Different Sedentary Patterns and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-schoolers

Background: The results of sedentary time (ST) and health-related physical fitness (HPF) are not completely consistent and the studies concentrated on pre-schoolers are very limited.Methods: We measured ST and ST patterns (ST Bouts time, ST Breaks times) by accelerometer. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was calculated by five indexes: height-weight standard score, 20 m shuttle-run test, grip strength, standing long jump and 2 × 10 m shuttle-run test.Results: We included 375 pre-schoolers (211 boys, 164 girls) in the final analysis. The total ST and ST Bouts times negatively correlated with HPFT in pre-schoolers. HPFT reduced by 1.69 and 0.70 points per 10 min increased in total ST and ST Bouts times, respectively. HPFT of the highest quartile group reduced by 9.85 points in total ST, and 10.54 points in ST Bouts time compared with the lowest quartile group. However, the HPFT increased by 0.09 points per 10 times increased in ST Breaks times; the HPFT increased by 16.21 and 15.59 points when moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) replaced total ST and ST Bouts time.Conclusions: HPF negatively correlated with the Total ST and ST Bouts times, but positively correlated with ST Breaks times; and HPF significantly improved when MVPA replaced ST in pre-schoolers.

Thyroid hormone responses to acute aerobic exercise

Background and Study Aim. Thyroid hormone responses to acute maximal aerobic exercise is still unclear, so the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of acute maximal aerobic exercise resulting in fatigue on blood thyroid levels in men and women. Material and Methods. The study included 8 male and 7 female subjects who did not actively exercise. Both group participants were students in the Kastamonu University in the period of study. The heights, weights, resting hearth rates and 5 cc. venous blood samples of subjects were taken before the exercise. The subjects warmed up for ten minutes before they had 20 m shuttle run. The purpose of this test was to tire the subjects to the exhaustion. The heart rate were measured at the end of the test in order to determine the exhaustion levels of the participants. The 5 cc. venous blood samples were taken again just after the exhaustion exercise. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 program (SPSS Inc. Chicago. II. USA). P value was set at p<0.05. Results. When results were compared between both sexes, no significant difference was found among variables (p>0.05). There was significant change in TSH values in all group. They increased following the exercise compared to pre-exercise values. Moreover, total T3 decreased in all group. No other significant difference was found in free T3 and free T4 variables. Conclusions. In conclusion, thyroid responses to exercise emerge in a very complex way, which makes it difficult to reach a clear conclusion about its effects. The reason why the results are so contradictory is that the duration and intensity of the exercise, age, not being able to control the diet, and the timing of collection of blood samples after exercise.

The Effect of Shuttle Run and Zig-Zag Run Training On Dribbling Skills

The shuttle run exercise is a form of exercise that can improve agility. The zigzag run exercise is a form of agility training that involves the use of bollards and stakes. UM Palopo futsal players must have good dribbling skills. The conditions experienced by UM Palopo futsal players still often make mistakes in their dribbling skills. The lack of skills possessed by UM Palopo futsal players is due to the lack of agility training models that can support the achievements of futsal players. This study aims to reveal the effect of shuttle run and zig-zag run training on dribbling skill. The method used is a quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental). The population is 20 people from UKM Futsal UM Palopo. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The data collection technique used the dribbling skill instrument and was analyzed by using the sig level t test. = 0.05. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant effect of shuttle run with a value of tcount value of 20,904 > ttable of 1,812 and pvalue that is 0.000 < 0.05. Zig-zag run with tcount value of 26,826 > ttable of 1,812 and pvalue that is 0.000 < 0.05. The improvement in shuttle run training with an average value of 17.55 and zig-zag run training with an average value of 15.61 and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. It can be concluded that the zig-zag run is more effective in improving dribbling skills.

Ejercicios físicos diarios de intensidad moderada en el interior del aula mejora la fuerza de tren inferior y la agilidad en escolares: un estudio cuasi experimental (Daily moderate-intensity physical exercises inside the classroom improves lower body str

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los cambios en la condición física y en el índice de masa corporal que se producen en una intervención de 16 semanas en escolares en . Setenta tres escolares (n=34 niñas; n=39 niños) con edad entre los 8 y 9 años recibieron las siguientes evaluaciones: flexibilidad de la musculatura dorsal de espalda (mediante la prueba de weels), fuerza muscular (mediante la prueba pararse y sentarse), agilidad (mediante la prueba 4x10m shuttle run) y índice de masa corporal (IMC) utilizando un estadiómetro y una balanza. Se aplicó un programa de entrenamiento con ejercicios de flexibilidad, fuerza y resistencia (30 minutos, 5x/semana). Hubo una disminución del IMC (diferencia de 0.60kg/cm2 en ambos géneros), aumento de la fuerza (10.4 repeticiones en niñas y 11.6 en niños) y mejora de la agilidad (0.91 segundos en niñas y 0.71 segundos en niños: p<0.05 en todas las comparaciones y tamaño de efecto entre 0.20-1.77 en niñas y 0.18-2.34 en niños). El índice de obesidad y sobrepeso entre el alumnado de la clase se vio reducido en un 5.3% y 5.9%, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias respecto a la flexibilidad (p>0.05). Un entrenamiento diario en el interior del aula sin implementación y en un espacio de un metro cuadrado , mejora la fuerza de tren inferior y la agilidad en escolares. Abstract. The objective of the study was to determine the changes in physical condition and body mass index that occur in a 16-week intervention in schoolchildren inside the classroom. Seventy-three schoolchildren (n=34 girls; n=39 boys) between the ages of 8 and 9 received the following evaluations: flexibility of the dorsal back muscles, through the weels test, muscular strength, through the standing and sitting test, agility, through the 4x10m shuttle test run and body mass index (BMI) using a stadiometer and scale. A training program was applied with flexibility, strength and resistance exercises were performed (30 minutes, 5x/ week). There was a decrease in BMI, (difference of 0.60kg/cm2 in both genders), increase in strength (10.4 repetitions in girls and 11.6 in boys) and improvement of the agility (0.91 seconds in girls and 0.71 seconds in boys), p<0.05 in all comparisons and effect size between 0.20-1.77 in girls and 0.18-2.34 in boys. The rate of obesity and overweight among the students in the class was reduced by one 5.3% and 5.9% respectively. There were no differences in flexibility (p>0.05). A daily training in schoolchildren without implementation and in a space of one square meter decreases BMI, improves lower body strength and agility in schoolchildren.

Effects of Extracurricular Sports in Prepubertal and Pubertal Girls

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of the type of extracurricular sport on the body composition, respiratory parameters, and physical condition in prepubertal and pubertal girls. Four hundred and eighty-five female athletes (aged 8–14) from different sports participated in this study. They were gathered into four groups according to the sport typology and maturity level: ‘prepubertal girls who practise collective sports’ (PRE-CS), ‘prepubertal girls who practise individual sports’ (PRE-IS), ‘pubertal girls who practise collective sports’ (PUB-CS), and ‘pubertal girls who practise individual sports’ (PUB-IS). The cardiorespiratory fitness (the 20 m shuttle run test, 20 mSRT), anthropometry, respiratory capacity (forced spirometry), handgrip, CMJ test, and stabilometry were collected. Prepubertal girls showed a lower muscle mass (kg) and fat mass (kg) than pubertal girls regardless of the extracurricular sports typology. PRE-CS and PRE-IS also showed a lower respiratory fitness and physical fitness than pubertal girls (p < 0.05). Pubertal girls did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) in any of the body composition, respiratory fitness, and physical fitness variables when comparing between collective sports and individual sports. The results show that extracurricular participation in these types sports by prepubertal girls can influence their body composition, respiratory fitness, and physical condition.

Validity of the 20 Meter Multi-Stage Shuttle Run Test (MSSRT) In Predicting VO2 Max

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the 20 meter multi-stage shuttle run test (MST) in predicting VO2max compared to the directly measured reading from the laboratory. 4 male participants, who were diverse in terms of their ages and who were active physically, performed the MST and an incremental treadmill tests. Predicted VO2max values were obtained for the MST based on their stages and shuttles and actual VO2max values were obtained from the laboratory treadmill test. Results showed that all predicted VO2max values for the MST over-predicted that of the actual VO2max values from the laboratory test. This study seems to suggest that there is no validity in the MST in predicting VO2max of an individual as compared to the actual VO2max values from the laboratory.

OXYGEN UPTAKE AND INDICATORS OF OBESITY: META-ANALYSIS INCLUDING 17,604 ADOLESCENTS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low aerobic fitness levels are associated with excess body adiposity in adolescents. However, studies that have analyzed this association in adolescents have used different methods and measures to evaluate aerobic fitness, making it difficult to compare the results. Objective: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that have analyzed the association between aerobic fitness and anthropometric body adiposity indicators in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Methods: A systematic search was performed in May 2016, updated in March 2017, in the following electronic databases: LILACS (BIREME), Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Results: Twenty-three studies were selected. The meta-analysis indicated that as the aerobic fitness levels increased, the BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage values of the adolescents decreased. Conclusion: There is a negative association between aerobic fitness (evaluated by measuring maximum oxygen uptake in the 20-meter Shuttle Run test) and the body fat percentage, BMI and waist circumference of adolescents and a negative association between aerobic fitness (assessed by measuring the number of laps in the 20-meter Shuttle Run test) and body fat percentage. However, caution is required in the interpretation of data due to the heterogeneity of the studies analyzed. Level of Evidence II; Systematic review of studies with level II of evidence.

Interrelationship between specific high-intensity intermittent efforts ability with aerobic capacity and slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization in taekwondo athletes

BACKGROUND: Repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts is a taekwondo-specific ability but the influence of aerobic capacity and dynamic strength characteristics on this ability has received relatively little attention in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between specific high-intensity intermittent efforts with aerobic capacity and slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization in taekwondo athletes. METHODS: Nineteen taekwondo male athletes were assessed by squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-meter shuttle run (20MSR), and frequency speed of kick test multiple (FSKTMULT). From the FSKTMULT, total kicks and kick decrement index [KDI] were calculated. Additionally, from both jump tests, the slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization (Slow SSC Utilization) was determined from the eccentric utilization ratio [EUR], pre-stretch augmentation [PSA], and reactive strength index [RSI]. RESULTS: There were positive and significant correlations between total kicks with 20MSR (r= 0.85; p= 0.00) and SJ (r= 0.66; p< 0.05). The multiple regression model demonstrated that total kicks where significantly influenced by 20MSR (R2= 71%; p= 0.00). Additionally, only EUR and RSI explained total kicks performance to a greater proportion (R2= 76%). CONCLUSIONS: The FSKTMULT total kicks performance is positively correlated and influenced by aerobic capacity and slow SSC utilization.

KONTRIBUSI LATIHAN PNF DAN LATIHAN SHUTTLE RUN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN TENDANGAN DOLLYO CHAGI PADA ATLET PRA-JUNIOR PUTRA USIA 10-13 TAHUN TIGER TAEKWONDO CLUB BINJAI TAHUN 2021

This study aims to determine the contribution of PNF training and Shuttle Run training to Dollyo Chagi's kicking ability in male Pre-Junior athletes aged 10-13 years Tiger Sumatra Taekwondo Club Binjai 2021. The method used in this study is an experimental method with data collection techniques involving two independent variables, namely PNF and Shuttle Run on the dependent variable dollyo chagi kick ability. The population in this study amounted to 30 athletes, and the sample in this study amounted to 10 athletes who were selected by purposive sampling method. The design of this study used a post-test one group design. The results of this study indicate that (1) There is There is a contribution of PNF training to the dollyo chagi kick ability of 79% (2) There is a contribution of Shuttle Run training to the dollyo chagi kick ability 19.2%, (3) There is a contribution of PNF and Shuttle Run training to the dollyo chagi kicking ability known by looking at the value of R (r2 x 100%). The value of r2 is 0.911, so it is known that the amount of contribution is 91.1%.