The Association of Different Sedentary Patterns and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-schoolers

Background: The results of sedentary time (ST) and health-related physical fitness (HPF) are not completely consistent and the studies concentrated on pre-schoolers are very limited.Methods: We measured ST and ST patterns (ST Bouts time, ST Breaks times) by accelerometer. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was calculated by five indexes: height-weight standard score, 20 m shuttle-run test, grip strength, standing long jump and 2 × 10 m shuttle-run test.Results: We included 375 pre-schoolers (211 boys, 164 girls) in the final analysis. The total ST and ST Bouts times negatively correlated with HPFT in pre-schoolers. HPFT reduced by 1.69 and 0.70 points per 10 min increased in total ST and ST Bouts times, respectively. HPFT of the highest quartile group reduced by 9.85 points in total ST, and 10.54 points in ST Bouts time compared with the lowest quartile group. However, the HPFT increased by 0.09 points per 10 times increased in ST Breaks times; the HPFT increased by 16.21 and 15.59 points when moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) replaced total ST and ST Bouts time.Conclusions: HPF negatively correlated with the Total ST and ST Bouts times, but positively correlated with ST Breaks times; and HPF significantly improved when MVPA replaced ST in pre-schoolers.

VO2MAX ANALYSIS ABC RUNNING DRILL WITH TRAINING MASK METHOD USING ANDROID BASED

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ABC Running Drill using Training Mask on increasing Vo2max Android-based. From the research objective, the researcher used the Pretest-Posttest Experiment Design. The research method used is the research and development (RnD) model from Borg and Gall. Population this research is beginner athletes, members of the Unit Kegiatan Mahasiwa (UKM) Track and Field STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan totaling 10 people, the sampling technique uses total sampling technique. The research test instrument used to collect data is the 2400 Meter run test (Cooper Test). After getting the data and obtaining it then the data is input into the system to be used as a database on the application, the android application can be downloaded link bit.ly/PDPDickyReva. To analyze the research data using SPSS Version 26, the results of the processing of the Hypothesis Test using the Pearson formula obtained the following data: There is a significant effect after the ABC Running Drill training process using the Training Mask (sig.) 0.00 < 0.05 so it can be concluded that the ABC Running exercise Drill using a Training Mask has a significant effect on increasing vo2max in Track and Field UKM STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan.

Itamaracá: A Novel Simple Way to Generate Pseudo-random Numbers

In this paper was presented Itamaracá, a novel simple way to generate pseudo random numbers. In general vision we can say that Itamaracá tends to pass in some statistical tests like frequency, chi square, autocorrelation, run sequence and run test. As an effect to comparison also was taking into account the results of the function R and Between by Microsoft Excel and true random numbers by Random Org analyzed its distinctive characteristics as well as with the proposal model. In this sense, the goal of this study is contributing to growing the existing Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) portfolio.

Itamaracá: A Novel Simple Way to Generate Pseudo-random Numbers

In this paper was presented Itamaracá, a novel simple way to generate pseudo random numbers. In general vision we can say that Itamaracá tends to pass in some statistical tests like frequency, chi square, autocorrelation, run sequence and run test. As an effect to comparison also was taking into account the results of the function R and Between by Microsoft Excel and true random numbers by Random Org analyzed its distinctive characteristics as well as with the proposal model. In this sense, the goal of this study is contributing to growing the existing Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) portfolio.

Examination of Self-Esteem, Body Image, Eating Attitudes and Cardiorespiratory Performance in Adolescents

Self-esteem, body image and eating attitudes are important characteristics regarding adolescent mental health. In our present work, we aimed to investigate these psychological items in adolescent boys and girls examining gender differences and correlations with the BMI-for-age and cardiorespiratory performance. 374 students (209 girls with an average age of 16.4 ± 1.08 years, and 165 boys with an average age of 16.5 ± 1.03 years) underwent investigation using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, EAT-26 and BAT questionnaires. The BMI-for-age was calculated with BMI growth charts and the cardiorespiratory performance was measured with the 20 m shuttle run test. Our results showed that adolescent girls scored lower self-esteem and higher values for BAT and each scale of eating behaviors, such as uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraints and emotional eating compared to boys despite the fact, that obesity and overweight were more common among boys. No significant correlation was found between BMI and psychological test results in either boys or girls, however, subjective body shape and gender predicted self-esteem and BAT scores and the cognitive restraints in the eating attitudes. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were primarily influenced by gender, in which BMI played only a weaker role. Cardiorespiratory performance was positively associated with self-esteem and body image among boys, and it had a negative correlation regarding BMI in both genders.

Effects of Extracurricular Sports in Prepubertal and Pubertal Girls

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of the type of extracurricular sport on the body composition, respiratory parameters, and physical condition in prepubertal and pubertal girls. Four hundred and eighty-five female athletes (aged 8–14) from different sports participated in this study. They were gathered into four groups according to the sport typology and maturity level: ‘prepubertal girls who practise collective sports’ (PRE-CS), ‘prepubertal girls who practise individual sports’ (PRE-IS), ‘pubertal girls who practise collective sports’ (PUB-CS), and ‘pubertal girls who practise individual sports’ (PUB-IS). The cardiorespiratory fitness (the 20 m shuttle run test, 20 mSRT), anthropometry, respiratory capacity (forced spirometry), handgrip, CMJ test, and stabilometry were collected. Prepubertal girls showed a lower muscle mass (kg) and fat mass (kg) than pubertal girls regardless of the extracurricular sports typology. PRE-CS and PRE-IS also showed a lower respiratory fitness and physical fitness than pubertal girls (p < 0.05). Pubertal girls did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) in any of the body composition, respiratory fitness, and physical fitness variables when comparing between collective sports and individual sports. The results show that extracurricular participation in these types sports by prepubertal girls can influence their body composition, respiratory fitness, and physical condition.

Validity of the 20 Meter Multi-Stage Shuttle Run Test (MSSRT) In Predicting VO2 Max

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the 20 meter multi-stage shuttle run test (MST) in predicting VO2max compared to the directly measured reading from the laboratory. 4 male participants, who were diverse in terms of their ages and who were active physically, performed the MST and an incremental treadmill tests. Predicted VO2max values were obtained for the MST based on their stages and shuttles and actual VO2max values were obtained from the laboratory treadmill test. Results showed that all predicted VO2max values for the MST over-predicted that of the actual VO2max values from the laboratory test. This study seems to suggest that there is no validity in the MST in predicting VO2max of an individual as compared to the actual VO2max values from the laboratory.

OXYGEN UPTAKE AND INDICATORS OF OBESITY: META-ANALYSIS INCLUDING 17,604 ADOLESCENTS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low aerobic fitness levels are associated with excess body adiposity in adolescents. However, studies that have analyzed this association in adolescents have used different methods and measures to evaluate aerobic fitness, making it difficult to compare the results. Objective: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that have analyzed the association between aerobic fitness and anthropometric body adiposity indicators in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Methods: A systematic search was performed in May 2016, updated in March 2017, in the following electronic databases: LILACS (BIREME), Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Results: Twenty-three studies were selected. The meta-analysis indicated that as the aerobic fitness levels increased, the BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage values of the adolescents decreased. Conclusion: There is a negative association between aerobic fitness (evaluated by measuring maximum oxygen uptake in the 20-meter Shuttle Run test) and the body fat percentage, BMI and waist circumference of adolescents and a negative association between aerobic fitness (assessed by measuring the number of laps in the 20-meter Shuttle Run test) and body fat percentage. However, caution is required in the interpretation of data due to the heterogeneity of the studies analyzed. Level of Evidence II; Systematic review of studies with level II of evidence.

VOLLEYBALL AS AN EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE FEMALE ADOLESCENTS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sport is very important in the lives of children and adolescents, as it brings countless benefits at the physical, psychological and social levels. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects on physical fitness of an exercise program for overweight and obese female adolescents, with an emphasis on teaching volleyball. Methods: Twenty-five volunteers participated, aged between 13 and 14 years, of which 11 were overweight or obese for statistical analysis. Anthropometric and physical capacity assessments were performed, before and after 12 weeks, through activities related to volleyball. Results: There was an increase in height and span and a reduction in waist circumference, with no significant differences in body weight, BMI, arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness; there was an increase in the sit-and-reach test, in the number of sit-ups and in the distance of the horizontal jump. There was a decrease in the time in the square test and the 20-meter run, with no significant differences in the medicine ball throw and in the 6-minute run test. Conclusion: It is concluded that the volleyball teaching program provided benefits for the physical fitness of overweight and obese adolescents. Level of evidence II; Lower quality RCT (example, <80% follow-up, no randomization code masking or inadequate randomization).