scholarly journals High-definition tDCS to the right temporoparietal junction modulates slow-wave resting state power and coherence in healthy adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1735-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Donaldson ◽  
Melissa Kirkovski ◽  
Joel S. Yang ◽  
Soukayna Bekkali ◽  
Peter G. Enticott
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Right Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cathodal Stimulation

The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is a multisensory integration hub that is increasingly utilized as a target of stimulation studies exploring its rich functional network roles and potential clinical applications. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is frequently employed in such studies, there is still relatively little known regarding its local and network neurophysiological effects, particularly at important nonmotor sites such as the rTPJ. The current study applied either anodal, cathodal, or sham high-definition tDCS to the rTPJ of 53 healthy participants and used offline EEG to assess the impacts of stimulation on resting state (eyes open and eyes closed) band power and coherence. Temporoparietal and central region delta power was increased after anodal stimulation (the latter trend only), whereas cathodal stimulation increased frontal region delta and theta power. Increased coherence between right and left temporoparietal regions was also observed after anodal stimulation. All significant effects occurred in the eyes open condition. These findings are discussed with reference to domain general and mechanistic theories of rTPJ function. Low-frequency oscillatory activity may exert long-range inhibitory network influences that enable switching between and integration of endogenous/exogenous processing streams. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Through the novel use of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and EEG, we provide evidence that both anodal and cathodal stimulation of the right temporoparietal junction selectively modulate slow-wave power and coherence in distributed network regions of known relevance to proposed temporoparietal junction functionality. These results also provide direct evidence of the ability of tDCS to modulate oscillatory activity at a long-range network level, which may have explanatory power in terms of both neurophysiological and behavioral effects.

scholarly journals The right temporoparietal junction is causally associated with embodied perspective taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Martin ◽  
K. Kessler ◽  
S. Cooke ◽  
J. Huang ◽  
M. Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Right Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right

Several theories exist pertaining to the role of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in social cognition. A prominent theory claims the rTPJ is especially associated with embodied processes. In the present study we use high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to provide evidence that the rTPJ is causally associated with the embodied processes underpinning perspective taking. Eighty-eight young human adults were stratified to receive either rTPJ or dorsomedial prefrontal (dmPFC) anodal HD-tDCS in a sham-controlled, double-blind, repeated-measures design. Perspective tracking (line-of-sight) and perspective taking (embodied rotation) were assessed using a visuo-spatial perspective taking (VPT) task that required understanding what another person could see or how they see it, respectively. Embodied processing was manipulated by positioning the participant in a manner congruent or incongruent with the orientation of an avatar on the screen. As perspective taking, but not perspective tracking, is influenced by bodily posture, this allows the investigation of the specific causal role for the rTPJ in embodied processing. Crucially, anodal stimulation to the rTPJ increased the effect of bodily posture during perspective taking, whereas no such effects were identified during perspective tracking, thereby providing evidence for a causal role for the rTPJ in the embodied component of perspective taking. Stimulation to the dmPFC had no effect on perspective tracking or taking. Therefore, the present study provides support for theories postulating that the rTPJ is causally involved in embodied cognitive processing relevant to social functioning.Significance StatementThe ability to understand another’s perspective is a fundamental component of social functioning. Adopting another perspective is thought to involve both embodied and non-embodied processes. The present study used high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and provided causal evidence that the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is involved specifically in the embodied component of perspective taking. Specifically, HD-tDCS to the rTPJ, but not another hub of the social brain (dmPFC), increased the effect of body posture during perspective taking, but not tracking. This is the first causal evidence that HD-tDCS can modulate social embodied processing in a site-specific and task-specific manner.

scholarly journals Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Right Temporoparietal Junction Suppresses Its Functional Connectivity and Reduces Contralateral Spatial and Temporal Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Dalong ◽  
Li Jiyuan ◽  
Zhou Yubin ◽  
Qin Yufei ◽  
Yang Jinghua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Right Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Motion

The temporoparietal junction plays key roles in vestibular function, motor-sensory ability, and attitude stability. Conventional approaches to studying the temporoparietal junction have drawbacks, and previous studies have focused on self-motion rather than on vestibular spatial perception. Using transcranial direct current stimulation, we explored the temporoparietal junction’s effects on vestibular-guided orientation for self-motion and vestibular spatial perception. Twenty participants underwent position, motion, and time tasks, as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. In the position task, cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation yielded a significantly lower response in the −6, −7, −8, −9, −10, −11, and −12 stimulus conditions for leftward rotations (P < 0.05). In the time task, the temporal bias for real transcranial direct current stimulation significantly differed from that for sham stimulation (P < 0.01). Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation suppressed functional connectivity between the temporoparietal junction, right insular cortex, and right supplementary motor area. Moreover, the change in connectivity between the right temporoparietal junction seed and the right insular cortex was positively correlated with temporal bias under stimulation. The above mentioned results show that cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation induces immediate and extended vestibular effects, which could suppress the functional connectivity of the temporoparietal junction and in turn reduce contralateral spatial and temporal perception. The consistent variation in temporal and spatial bias suggested that the temporoparietal junction may be the cortical temporal integrator for the internal model. Moreover, transcranial direct current stimulation could modulate the integration process and may thus have potential clinical applications in vestibular disorders caused by temporoparietal junction dysfunction.

Resting-state Functional Connectivity of the Right Temporoparietal Junction Relates to Belief Updating and Reorienting during Spatial Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1141
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Käsbauer ◽  
Paola Mengotti ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
Simone Vossel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Right Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right

Although multiple studies characterized the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), little is known about the link between rTPJ rsFC and cognitive functions. Given a putative involvement of rTPJ in both reorienting of attention and the updating of probabilistic beliefs, this study characterized the relationship between rsFC of rTPJ with dorsal and ventral attention systems and these two cognitive processes. Twenty-three healthy young participants performed a modified location-cueing paradigm with true and false prior information about the percentage of cue validity to assess belief updating and attentional reorienting. Resting-state fMRI was recorded before and after the task. Seed-based correlation analysis was employed, and correlations of each behavioral parameter with rsFC before the task, as well as with changes in rsFC after the task, were assessed in an ROI-based approach. Weaker rsFC between rTPJ and right intraparietal sulcus before the task was associated with relatively faster updating of the belief that the cue will be valid after false prior information. Moreover, relatively faster belief updating, as well as faster reorienting, were related to an increase in the interhemispheric rsFC between rTPJ and left TPJ after the task. These findings are in line with task-based connectivity studies on related attentional functions and extend results from stroke patients demonstrating the importance of interhemispheric parietal interactions for behavioral performance. The present results not only highlight the essential role of parietal rsFC for attentional functions but also suggest that cognitive processing during a task changes connectivity patterns in a performance-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Comparison of repeated transcranial stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation on primary motor cortex excitability and inhibition: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Cabibel ◽  
Makii Muthalib ◽  
Jérôme Froger ◽  
Stéphane Perrey
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
The Right

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a well-known clinical neuromodulation technique, but transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is rapidly growing interest for neurorehabilitation applications. Both methods (contralesional hemisphere inhibitory low-frequency: LF-rTMS or lesional hemisphere excitatory anodal: a-tDCS) have been employed to modify the interhemispheric imbalance following stroke. The aim of this pilot study was to compare aHD-tDCS (anodal high-definition tDCS) of the left M1 (2 mA, 20 min) and LF-rTMS of the right M1 (1 Hz, 20 min) to enhance excitability and reduce inhibition of the left primary motor cortex (M1) in five healthy subjects. Single-pulse TMS was used to elicit resting and active (low level muscle contraction, 5% of maximal electromyographic signal) motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent periods (CSPs) from the right and left extensor carpi radialis muscles at Baseline, immediately and 20 min (Post-Stim-20) after the end of each stimulation protocol. LF-rTMS or aHD-tDCS significantly increased right M1 resting and active MEP amplitude at Post-Stim-20 without any CSP modulation and with no difference between methods. In conclusion, this pilot study reported unexpected M1 excitability changes, which most likely stems from variability, which is a major concern in the field to consider.

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