scholarly journals Perisaccadic perceptual mislocalization is different for upward saccades

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 3198-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Grujic ◽  
Nils Brehm ◽  
Cordula Gloge ◽  
Weijie Zhuo ◽  
Ziad M. Hafed
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Perceptual Stability ◽  
Upper Visual Field

Saccadic eye movements, which dramatically alter retinal images, are associated with robust perimovement perceptual alterations. Such alterations, thought to reflect brain mechanisms for maintaining perceptual stability in the face of saccade-induced retinal image disruptions, are often studied by asking subjects to localize brief stimuli presented around the time of horizontal saccades. However, other saccade directions are not usually explored. Motivated by recently discovered asymmetries in upper and lower visual field representations in the superior colliculus, a structure important for both saccade generation and visual analysis, we observed significant differences in perisaccadic perceptual alterations for upward saccades relative to other saccade directions. We also found that, even for purely horizontal saccades, perceptual alterations differ for upper vs. lower retinotopic stimulus locations. Our results, coupled with conceptual modeling, suggest that perisaccadic perceptual alterations might critically depend on neural circuits, such as superior colliculus, that asymmetrically represent the upper and lower visual fields. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Brief visual stimuli are robustly mislocalized around the time of saccades. Such mislocalization is thought to arise because oculomotor and visual neural maps distort space through foveal magnification. However, other neural asymmetries, such as upper visual field magnification in the superior colliculus, may also exist, raising the possibility that interactions between saccades and visual stimuli would depend on saccade direction. We confirmed this behaviorally by exploring and characterizing perisaccadic perception for upward saccades.

scholarly journals Peri-saccadic perceptual mislocalization is different for upward saccades

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Grujic ◽  
Nils Brehm ◽  
Cordula Gloge ◽  
Weijie Zhuo ◽  
Ziad M. Hafed
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Perceptual Stability ◽  
The Face

AbstractSaccadic eye movements, which dramatically alter retinal images, are associated with robust peri-movement perceptual alterations. Such alterations, thought to reflect brain mechanisms for maintaining perceptual stability in the face of saccade-induced retinalimage disruptions, are often studied by asking subjects to localize brief stimuli presented around the time of horizontal saccades. However, other saccade directions are not usually explored. Motivated by recently discovered asymmetries in upper and lower visual field representations in the superior colliculus, a structure important for both saccade generation and visual analysis, here we observed significant differences in peri-saccadic perceptual alterations for upward saccades relative to other saccade directions. We also found that, even for purely horizontal saccades, perceptual alterations differ for upper versus lower retinotopic stimulus locations. Our results, coupled with conceptual modeling, suggest that peri-saccadic perceptual alterations might critically depend on neural circuits, like superior colliculus, that asymmetrically represent the upper and lower visual fields.

Vertical Visual-Field Differences in Schematic Persistence for Colour Information

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
B Heider ◽  
R Groner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Partial Report ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Circular Array ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Verbal Content

The functional specialisation in the upper and lower visual fields is related to the distinction between far and near vision, and may parallel differences between the ventral and dorsal processing streams. Here, we studied possible differences in colour processing. According to postulates of Previc (1990 Behavioral and Brain Sciences13 519 – 575), we expected longer persistence and an advantage in colour classification for stimuli presented in the upper visual field. Performance was tested in a modified partial-report task to estimate duration of schematic persistence for colour and verbal information. The targets were letter strings—either red, yellow, blue, or green—presented in three combinations: (a) nonsense strings, (b) congruent colour-words, and (c) incongruent colour-words. Eight targets were simultaneously presented in a circular array for 60 ms. After a variable interstimulus interval (ISI, 0 – 900 ms), a coloured marker was briefly displayed pointing to one of the original target positions, and the participants had to report whether the colours of target and marker were identical or not. The responses were analysed separately for upper and lower visual-field presentations. The verbal content of the targets did not affect performance. There were no differences in performance between the two visual fields. However, analyses of both accuracy and reaction latencies showed significant interactions between visual field and ISI, ie performance decreased at a slower rate in the upper visual field. These results suggest longer schematic persistence for colour stimuli presented in the upper visual field.

scholarly journals Asymmetrical representation of the upper and lower visual fields in oculomotor maps

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Wang ◽  
Benchi Wang ◽  
Matthew Finkbeiner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Saccade Target ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Fixation Stimulus ◽  
Visual Distractor ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Striate Area

The striate area devoted to the lower visual field (LVF) is larger than that devoted to the upper visual field (UVF). A similar anatomical asymmetry also exists in the LGN. Here we take advantage of two experimental tasks that are known to modulate the direction and amplitude of saccades to demonstrate a visual field asymmetry in oculomotor maps. Participants made visually guided saccades. In Experiment 1, the saccade target was accompanied by a visual distractor. The distractor's presence modulated the direction of saccades, and this effect was much stronger for LVF targets. In Experiment 2, the temporal gap between the offset of the fixation stimulus and the onset of the saccade target was manipulated. This manipulation modulated the amplitude of saccades and this modulation was stronger for saccades towards UVF targets. Taken together, these results suggest that the representation of both meridians and eccentricities in the LVF is compressed in oculomotor maps.

Visual field inhomogeneous in brain-computer interfaces based on rapid serial visual presentation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangen Zhang ◽  
Xiaogang Chen ◽  
Yijun Wang ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objective. Visual attention is not homogeneous across the visual field, while how to mine the effective EEG characteristics that are sensitive to the inhomogeneous of visual attention and further explore applications such as the performance of brain-computer interface (BCI) are still distressing explorative scientists. Approach. Images were encoded into a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, and were presented in three visuospatial patterns (central, left/right, upper/lower) at the stimulation frequencies of 10Hz, 15Hz and 20Hz. The comparisons among different visual fields were conducted in the dimensions of subjective behavioral and EEG characteristics. Furthermore, the effective features (e.g. SSVEP, N2pc and P300) that sensitive to visual-field asymmetry were also explored. Results. The visual fields had significant influences on the performance of RSVP target detection, in which the performance of central was better than that of peripheral visual field, the performance of horizontal meridian was better than that of vertical meridian, the performance of left visual field was better than that of right visual field, and the performance of upper visual field was better than that of lower visual field. Furthermore, stimuli of different visual fields had significant effects on the spatial distributions of EEG, in which N2pc and P300 showed left-right asymmetry in occipital and frontal regions, respectively. In addition, the evidences of SSVEP characteristics indicated that there was obvious overlap of visual fields on the horizontal meridian, but not on the vertical meridian. Significance. The conclusions of this study provide insights into the relationship between visual field inhomogeneous and EEG characteristics. In addition, this study has the potential to achieve precise positioning of the target's spatial orientation in RSVP-BCIs.

scholarly journals Asymmetry in Gaze Direction Discrimination Between the Upper and Lower Visual Fields

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Palanica ◽  
Roxane J. Itier
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Foveal Vision ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Central Fixation

Previous research has shown that gaze direction can only be accurately discriminated within parafoveal limits (∼5° eccentricity) along the horizontal visual field. Beyond this eccentricity, head orientation seems to influence gaze discrimination more than iris cues. The present study examined gaze discrimination performance in the upper visual field (UVF) and lower visual field (LVF), and whether head orientation affects gaze judgments beyond parafoveal vision. Direct and averted gaze faces, in frontal and deviated head orientations, were presented for 150 ms along the vertical meridian while participants maintained central fixation during gaze discrimination judgments. Gaze discrimination was above chance level at all but one eccentricity for the two gaze-head congruent conditions. In contrast, for the incongruent conditions, gaze was discriminated above chance only from –1.5° to +3°, with an asymmetry between the UVF and LVF. Beyond foveal vision, response rates were biased toward head orientation rather than iris eccentricity, occurring in the LVF for both head orientations, and in the UVF for frontal head views. These findings suggest that covert processing of gaze direction involves the integration of eyes and head cues, with congruency of these two social cues driving response differences between the LVF and the UVF.

scholarly journals Roles of the Retinotopic and Environmental Frames of Reference on Vection

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanon Fujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Ashida
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Self Motion

Humans perceive self-motion using multisensory information, while vision has a dominant role as is utilized in virtual reality (VR) technologies. Previous studies reported that visual motion presented in the lower visual field (LoVF) induces stronger illusion of self-motion (vection) as compared with the upper visual field (UVF). However, it was still unknown whether the LoVF superiority in vection was based on the retinotopic frame, or rather related to the environmental frame of reference. Here, we investigated the influences of retinotopic and environmental frames on the LoVF superiority of vection. We presented a planer surface along the depth axis in one of four visual fields (upper, lower, right, or left). The texture on the surface moved forward or backward. Participants reported vection while observing the visual stimulus through a VR head mounted display (HMD) in the sitting posture or lateral recumbent position. Results showed that the visual motion induced stronger vection when presented in the LoVF compared with the UVF in both postures. Notably, the vection rating in LoVF was stronger in the sitting than in the recumbent. Moreover, recumbent participants reported stronger vection when the stimulus was presented in the gravitationally lower field than in the gravitationally upper field. These results demonstrate contribution of multiple spatial frames on self-motion perception and imply the importance of ground surface.

Role of striate cortex and superior colliculus in visual guidance of saccadic eye movements in monkeys

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Mohler ◽  
R. H. Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Guidance

1. We studied the effect of lesions placed in striate cortex or superior colliculus on the detection of visual stimuli and the accuracy of saccadic eye movements. The monkeys (Macaca mulatta) first learned to respond to a 0.25 degrees spot of light flashed for 150-200 ms in one part of the visual field while they were fixating in order to determine if they could detect the light. The monkeys also learned in a different task to make a saccade to the spot of light when the fixation point went out, and the accuracy of the saccades was measured. 2. Following a unilateral partial ablation of the striate cortex in two monkeys they could not detect the spot of light in the resulting scotoma or saccade to it. The deficit was only relative; if we increased the brightness of the stimulus from the usual 11 cd/m2 to 1,700 cd/m2 against a background of 1 cd/m2 the monkeys were able to detect and to make a saccade to the spot of light. 3. Following about 1 mo of practice on the detection and saccade tasks, the monkeys recovered the ability to detect the spots of light and to make saccades to them without gross errors (saccades made beyond an area of +/-3 average standard deviations). Lowering the stimulus intensity reinstated both the detection and saccadic errors...

Posterior Parietal Visual Dysfunction: An Explanatory Review

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Visual Dysfunction ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Occipital Lobes

Dysfunction or injury of the posterior parietal lobes impairs 3D mapping of the visual scene and can… (1) Make body movement guided by vision inaccurate (optic ataxia). (2) Limit the number of items seen at a glance, due to simultanagnostic visual dysfunction. (3) Cause inability to move the eyes to a specified target (apraxia of gaze), despite intact pursuit and fast (saccadic) eye movements. (Perhaps because the target cannot be located.) When severe, these features comprise Balint syndrome, but when less marked, the term dorsal stream dysfunction has been used. Associated lower visual field impairment due to the superior optic radiations passing through the parietal lobes being affected as well, can cause the feet not to be seen during locomotion. While accompanying inability to see fast moving targets, or dyskinetopsia is not uncommon. In our experience, a wider inflight gap between the fingers and thumb of a hand reaching in the lower visual field than when reaching in the upper visual field, and disability locating where sounds are coming from, may also be evident. Central and peripheral visual functions can be diminished if the occipital lobes are affected as well, while recognition can be impaired by this and / or associated temporal lobe dysfunction. Those with accompanying intellectual impairment and four-limb cerebral palsy may ‘wake up’ and start to look around, even reaching out for a single object, when surrounded by a monochromatic tent that excludes extraneous visual and auditory distraction. In the authors’ experience, dorsal stream dysfunction is the commonest pattern of cerebral visual impairment seen in children and in many affected (often previously undiagnosed) adults. A series of case history data is presented to illustrate the origin, nature and heterogeneity of this condition, as well as its potential management.

Organization of monkey superior colliculus: intermediate layer cells discharging before eye movements

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Mohler ◽  
R. H. Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Cell Discharge ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Dorsal Edge

1. We investigated the characteristics of cells in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus that increase their rate of discharge before saccadic eye movements. Eye movements were repeatedly elicited by training rhesus monkeys to fixate on a spot of light and to make saccades to other spots of light when the fixation spot was turned off. 2. The eye movement cells showed consistent variations with their depth within the colliculus. The onset of the cell discharge led the eye movement by less time and the duration of the discharge was shorter as the cell was located closer to the dorsal edge of the intermediate layers. The movements fields (that area of the visual field where a saccade into the area is preceded by a burst of cell discharges) of each successive cell also became smaller as the cells were located more dorsally. The profile of peak discharge frequency remained fairly flat throughout the movement field of the cells regardless of depth of the cell within the colliculus. 3. A new type of eye movement-related cell has been found which usually lies at the border between the superficial and intermediate layers. This cell type, the visually triggered movement cell, increased its rate of discharge before saccades made to a visual stimulus but not before spontaneous saccades of equal amplitude made in the light or the dark. A vigorous discharge of these cells before an eye movement was dependent on the presence of a visual target; the cells seemed to combine the visual input of superficial layer cells and the movement-related input of the intermediate layer cells. The size of the movement fields of these cells were about the same size as the visual fields of superficial layer cells just above them...

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