scholarly journals Cortical stimulation causes long-term changes in H-reflexes and spinal motoneuron GABA receptors

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 2668-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Jonathan R. Wolpaw ◽  
Xiang Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Later Life ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities ◽  
Stimulation Of

The cortex gradually modifies the spinal cord during development, throughout later life, and in response to trauma or disease. The mechanisms of this essential function are not well understood. In this study, weak electrical stimulation of rat sensorimotor cortex increased the soleus H-reflex, increased the numbers and sizes of GABAergic spinal interneurons and GABAergic terminals on soleus motoneurons, and decreased GABAA and GABAB receptor labeling in these motoneurons. Several months after the stimulation ended the interneuron and terminal increases had disappeared, but the H-reflex increase and the receptor decreases remained. The changes in GABAergic terminals and GABAB receptors accurately predicted the changes in H-reflex size. The results reveal a new long-term dimension to cortical-spinal interactions and raise new therapeutic possibilities.

Spinal and Supraspinal Effects of Long-Term Stimulation of Sensorimotor Cortex in Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 878-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yang Chen ◽  
Shreejith Pillai ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Spinal Cord Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sensorimotor cortex (SMC) modifies spinal cord reflex function throughout life and is essential for operant conditioning of the H-reflex. To further explore this long-term SMC influence over spinal cord function and its possible clinical uses, we assessed the effect of long-term SMC stimulation on the soleus H-reflex. In freely moving rats, the soleus H-reflex was measured 24 h/day for 12 wk. The soleus background EMG and M response associated with H-reflex elicitation were kept stable throughout. SMC stimulation was delivered in a 20-day-on/20-day-off/20-day-on protocol in which a train of biphasic 1-ms pulses at 25 Hz for 1 s was delivered every 10 s for the on-days. The SMC stimulus was automatically adjusted to maintain a constant descending volley. H-reflex size gradually increased during the 20 on-days, stayed high during the 20 off-days, and rose further during the next 20 on-days. In addition, the SMC stimulus needed to maintain a stable descending volley rose steadily over days. It fell during the 20 off-days and rose again when stimulation resumed. These results suggest that SMC stimulation, like H-reflex operant conditioning, induces activity-dependent plasticity in both the brain and the spinal cord and that the plasticity responsible for the H-reflex increase persists longer after the end of SMC stimulation than that underlying the change in the SMC response to stimulation.

Theta-burst stimulation of primary afferents drives long-term potentiation in the spinal cord and persistent pain via α2δ-1–bound NMDA receptors

2021 ◽  
pp. JN-RM-1968-21
Author(s):  
Yuying Huang (黄玉莹) ◽  
Shao-Rui Chen (陈少瑞) ◽  
Hong Chen (陈红) ◽  
Jing-Jing Zhou (周京京) ◽  
Daozhong Jin (金道忠) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Primary Afferents ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Ablation of the inferior olive prevents H-reflex down-conditioning in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 1630-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yang Chen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Jonathan R. Wolpaw
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Simple Motor ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Cortical Inputs

We evaluated the role of the inferior olive (IO) in acquisition of the spinal cord plasticity that underlies H-reflex down-conditioning, a simple motor skill. The IO was chemically ablated before a 50-day exposure to an operant conditioning protocol that rewarded a smaller soleus H-reflex. In normal rats, down-conditioning succeeds (i.e., H-reflex size decreases at least 20%) in 80% of animals. Down-conditioning failed in every IO-ablated rat ( P < 0.001 vs. normal rats). IO ablation itself had no long-term effect on H-reflex size. These results indicate that the IO is essential for acquisition of a down-conditioned H-reflex. With previous data, they support the hypothesis that IO and cortical inputs to cerebellum enable the cerebellum to guide sensorimotor cortex plasticity that produces and maintains the spinal cord plasticity that underlies the down-conditioned H-reflex. They help to further define H-reflex conditioning as a model for understanding motor learning and as a new approach to enhancing functional recovery after trauma or disease.

Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis Causes Long-Term Changes in Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis Neurons

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 3815-3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Bereiter ◽  
Keiichiro Okamoto ◽  
Akimasa Tashiro ◽  
Harumitsu Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is commonly used in animals to mimic ocular inflammation in humans. Although the peripheral aspects of EIU have been well studied, little is known of the central neural effects of anterior eye inflammation. EIU was induced in male rats by endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg ip) given 2 or 7 days earlier. Neurons responsive to mechanical stimulation of the ocular surface were recorded under barbiturate anesthesia at the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition and subnucleus caudalis/cervical cord (Vc/C1) junction, the main terminal regions for corneal nociceptors. Two days after LPS, Vc/C1 units had reduced responses to histamine, nicotine, and CO2 gas applied to the ocular surface, whereas unit responses were increased 7 days after LPS. Those units with convergent cutaneous receptive fields at Vc/C1 were enlarged 7 days after LPS. Units at the Vi/Vc transition also had reduced responses to histamine and CO2 2 days after LPS but no enhancement was seen at 7 days. Tear volume evoked by CO2 was reduced 2 days after LPS and returned toward control values by 7 days, whereas CO2-evoked eye blinks were normal at 2 days and increased 7 days after LPS. These results indicate that a single exposure to endotoxin causes long-term changes in the excitability of second-order neurons responsive to noxious ocular stimulation. The differential effects of EIU on tear volume and eye blink lend further support for the hypothesis that ocular-sensitive neurons at the Vi/Vc transition and Vc/C1 junction regions mediate different aspects of pain during intraocular inflammation.

Long-term changes in expressions of spinal glutamate transporters after spinal cord injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 1389 ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngkyung Kim ◽  
Young-Keun Park ◽  
Hwi-young Cho ◽  
Junesun Kim ◽  
Young Wook Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Term Changes

Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the spinal cord for relief of pain

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Urban ◽  
Blaine S. Nashold
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Percutaneous Technique ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Operation ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the spinal cord was carried out in 20 patients with intractable pain. The procedure proved simple, and no major complications were encountered. The long-term results were comparable to the results obtained after a dorsal column stimulator implant by laminectomy. The percutaneous technique allowed extended trial stimulation without committing the patient to a major operation. Those patients in whom stimulation did not alleviate pain could be identified during a 2-week observation period, and the system could be removed easily. Seven patients were placed on chronic autostimulation and only one of those failed to experience continuing pain relief throughout the follow-up time of up to 2 years. It is concluded that percutaneous epidural stimulation constitutes a valid alternative to dorsal column stimulator implantation.

Are there long-term changes in the basal or evoked Fos expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of the mononeuropathic rat?

Pain ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwénaëlle Catheline ◽  
Stéphanie Le Guen ◽  
Prisca Honoré ◽  
Jean-Marie Besson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Fos Expression
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